安徽黄梅尖地区铀成矿地球物理特征及找矿预测

安徽黄梅尖地区位于庐枞火山岩盆地东南缘,区内铀成矿地质条件优越。成矿类型是与碱性岩有关的低温热液型铀矿,铀矿化受地层、断裂、岩浆岩及热液活动控制。通过开展地面伽玛能谱、伽玛总量、激发极化法等综合物探方法,进一步研究了黄梅尖地区典型铀矿床(点)的地球物理特征,认为该区铀矿床(点)一般位于伽玛偏高、能谱铀异常场—高场梯度带上,含矿断裂的电性特征表现为低阻高极化。通过总结该类铀矿床(点)的地质特征,圈定了黄梅尖岩体成矿远景区和8413矿床东侧成矿远景区,为下一步寻找同类型铀矿有利地段提供参考。     

安徽黄梅尖地区铀成矿地质特征与控制因素研究

黄梅尖地区位于安徽省庐枞火山岩盆地东南缘,是安徽省铀矿找矿最具潜力的地区,以往工作发现了丁家山铀矿床、徐村铀矿床和众多的铀矿点,控制的铀金属资源量达到中型规模。文章较详细地阐述了黄梅尖地区铀成矿地质特征,探讨了成矿控制因素,提出了后续勘查工作的建议。研究认为,主要铀矿床(点)控制因素受燕山晚期石英正长岩体、侏罗系有利含矿岩性、近东西向构造和蚀变等联合控制,特别是岩体与近东西向构造夹持地带岩体产状变异部位的侏罗系罗岭组(J2l)和磨山组(J1m)砂岩是铀矿化有利部位,铀矿化类型为与碱性岩有关的岩浆热液型。建议丁家山铀矿床西侧和黄梅尖岩体南缘周潭-田埠地带应作为下一步找矿工作的首选地段。     

长江中下游成矿带庐枞矿集区花岗岩型铀矿床成矿作用研究进展

安徽庐枞矿集区是长江中下游成矿带重要的多金属矿集区,也是华南铀成矿省内重要的花岗岩型铀矿成矿区,系统开展铀矿床成矿作用和成矿规律研究,对于完善区域成矿理论、指导铀矿找矿勘探具有基础性意义。庐枞矿集区铀矿床主要分布在庐枞火山岩盆地东南侧的A型花岗岩带上,但近年深部探测科学钻孔揭示火山岩盆地内隐伏正长岩中也存在铀矿化线索。与A型花岗岩有关的铀矿床呈NE向分布,矿体产出于石英正长岩与围岩接触带,受到侵入接触构造、断裂构造及层间构造的控制,具有典型热液充填成矿的特征,成矿年龄集中在114～108 Ma;赋矿岩体为多期次侵位的复式岩体,主体年龄为127～123 Ma,末阶段碱性长石花岗岩株年龄为115～110 Ma,岩石属于A1型花岗岩,形成于伸展的构造背景下;成矿物质主要来源于赋矿岩体及围岩地层,成矿流体具有深循环大气降水与岩浆流体混合的特征。火山岩盆地内的铀矿化产出于火山岩盖层之下的隐伏正长岩中,具有热液充填成矿的特点,成矿年龄为131～129 Ma;赋矿正长岩成岩年龄为131 Ma,属于橄榄安粗质岩石,形成于挤压向拉张转换的构造背景下;岩浆阶段末期分异的高温富B、F的富铀热液在开放体系下沉...     

一个罕见的铀钨矿化带的成矿特征

一个以铀钨为主的铀钨锡多金属矿化带，沿某复式花岗岩体东侧接触带分布，有５０多个矿床和矿点，其矿床（化）类型有岩浆型、伟晶岩型、夕卡岩型、高中低温热液型等，组成一个完整的花岗岩成矿系列。其中低温热液铀钨矿床是一个矿床新类型，具有独特的地质地球化学特征，工业意义也较大。     

甘肃龙首山207铀矿床成矿地质特征及其成矿机制探讨

207铀矿床位于龙首山成矿带西部,区内地质构造复杂,岩浆活动强烈,主要出露下元古界龙首山群变质岩和中条期伟晶状白岗岩。区域构造线呈北西-南东向。矿床铀矿化主要受岩体和断裂构造控制。铀矿化具有明显的多期次特点。铀矿化年龄是1750Ma,显示了相当小的矿岩时差。矿床具有花岗岩型铀矿床的一般特征。文章在阐述207铀矿床区域地质背景和成矿特征的基础上,分析了成矿物质来源、成矿溶液来源及成矿物质迁移途径,建立了矿床铀成矿模式。认为207矿床铀成矿是受区域地质背景控制的特定时空域内的客观产物,区域富铀地层是成矿的物质基础,成矿溶液源自岩浆水,岩浆及期后热液是铀迁移的载体,铀成矿模式强调了花岗岩成岩过程是成矿物质的富集过程。     

庐枞盆地A型花岗岩与铀成矿关系

分别对庐枞盆地A型花岗岩的微量元素特征、形成时间、放射性特征等方面和已知铀矿床的成矿时间、空间分布特征、矿床成矿流体等方面资料进行了研究,分析了两者间相互关系,认为庐枞盆地A型花岗岩和铀成矿关系密切,两者在形成时间相近,空间分布相依,成因相联。     

一七九岩体接触带铀成矿特征

一七九岩体接触带产有铀矿床。该矿床矿石组合为沥青铀矿-金属硫化物-方解石。赋矿岩石为晚元古代浅变质岩、晚古生代碳硅泥岩及印支期花岗岩等围岩中的碎裂岩。该矿体既具花岗岩型铀矿的一般特征(如受岩体和断裂构造控制,与该岩体内的微晶石英型铀矿床,有着密切的时空和成因联系),也有自身的某些特点(如沥青铀矿主要沉淀于碳酸盐热液期,在成因上具多源性和复成性,属混合热液型);在成矿地质背景方面,具铀源条件较差、碳酸盐岩与水云母化发育等再要特色。矿床属花岗岩型铀矿中的一个特殊类型。     

水口山-临武南北带铀成矿特征及成矿规律

水口山-临武南北带铀成矿地质条件优越,前人经过多年的地质找矿工作,在带内先后发现了一批铀矿床(点)。笔者通过对该带铀矿床(点)的成矿地质背景、空间分布、矿化特征、成因类型等进行研究,总结了南北带内铀成矿特征及成矿规律。认为区域性隆起及边缘断陷带、深大断裂、背向斜和断层构造等是带内铀成矿的有利条件;带内成岩机制为"沉积变质-动力破碎-热液交代-再动力破碎-再热液交代";铀矿床成因类型主要有热液型、热液叠加型和淋积型3种;各类型铀矿床的成矿模式,总体分为硅质岩系列、花岗岩系列和碳酸盐岩系列。     

华南地区新元古代花岗岩铀成矿机制——以摩天岭花岗岩为例

华南是我国重要的花岗岩型铀成矿区,印支期-燕山期花岗岩是最主要的产铀花岗岩。广西北部形成于新元古代的摩天岭岩体是我国目前已知的最古老的产铀花岗岩体之一。前人对华南印支-燕山期花岗岩的铀成矿作用研究较深入,但对以摩天岭岩体为代表的新元古代古老花岗岩的铀成矿作用研究程度较低。本文以摩天岭花岗岩体为对象,进行了岩石学、地球化学、年代学及其铀矿成矿特征和规律的深入研究,取得以下认识:1)摩天岭岩体规模巨大,相带分布明显,内部相带和过渡相带发育,岩性主要为黑云母花岗岩、二云母花岗岩和含电气石二云母花岗岩,花岗岩体具有富硅富碱、铝过饱和、钾大于钠的特点,属S型花岗岩; 2)摩天岭岩体形成于850～760Ma之间的新元古代; 3)摩天岭岩体铀成矿潜力巨大,铀矿化以铀-绿泥石型和铀-硅化带型为主,铀-绿泥石型的代表矿床——达亮矿床形成于360～401Ma,是加里东期区域变质及构造活动共同作用的结果;铀-硅化带型铀矿的代表——新村铀矿形成于47Ma,是喜马拉雅期伸展构造作用下构造-热液活动共同作用的结果; 4)摩天岭岩体中铀矿床的铀源来自于元古界四堡群、丹州群和摩天岭岩体本身;成矿流体主要来源于大气降水,同时有深部流体的参与;热源主要与加里东期区域变质作用和喜马拉雅期伸展背景下的构造作用关系密切; 5)摩天岭岩体铀成矿经过了新元古代铀预富集、加里东晚期到海西早期的区域变质-构造热液成矿作用、喜马拉雅期的构造热液成矿作用等几个阶段,形成了类型丰富、规模较大的铀矿床,铀找矿潜力巨大。     

3701铀矿床地质特征及其热液叠加改造成矿作用

本文在介绍3701铀矿床的地质特征、矿石物质成分和稳定同位素组成等研究结果基础上,论述了该矿床的成因。3701铀矿床赋存在L花岗岩体外接触带泥盆系灰岩中。花岗岩的黑云母钾-氩法年龄为318-202Ma,矿床的矿化年龄(沥青铀矿铀-铅法年龄)为65.0—30.75Ma,矿岩时差超过137Ma。矿床的热液矿化特征明显。成矿温度约100—300℃,属中、低温热液矿化。矿床的近矿围岩蚀变较弱。矿床的稳定同位素研究结果表明,成矿物质是多源的,其中硫、碳主要来自围岩,铀、铅主要来自花岗岩。矿液水以大气降水为主。铀背景值较低(3.12ppm)的成矿围岩,汲取了从花岗岩中淋出的含铀水体中的铀。被燕山期,喜山期构造运动加热了的地下水汲取围岩中的铀等成矿物质,在角砾岩带等地段沉淀成矿,因此该矿床属多矿源热液叠加改造成因。在两次铀矿化间隔期间,早期矿体曾遭受地下水的改造。     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

Regional distribution of Al,B, Ba,Ca, K,La, Mg,Mn, Na,P, Rb,Si, Sr,Th, U and Y in terrestrial moss within a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region: influence of geology,seaspray and human activity

Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km² area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population).     

Petrographic, mineralogy, and geochemistry of coals of Pabedana, Kerman Province, Central Iran

This paper discusses the result of the detailed investigations carried out on the coal characteristics, including coal petrography and its geochemistry of the Pabedana region. A total of 16 samples were collected from four coal seams d2, d4, d5, and d6 of the Pabedana underground mine which is located in the central part of the Central-East Iranian Microcontinent. These samples were reduced to four samples through composite sampling of each seam and were analyzed for their petrographic, mineralogical, and geochemical compositions. Proximate analysis data of the Pabedana coals indicate no major variations in the moisture, ash, volatile matter, and fixed carbon contents in the coals of different seams. Based on sulfur content, the Pabedana coals may be classified as low-sulfur coals. The low-sulfur contents in the Pabedana coal and relatively low proportion of pyritic sulfur suggest a possible fresh water environment during the deposition of the peat of the Pabedana coal. X-ray diffraction and petrographic analyses indicate the presence of pyrite in coal samples. The Pabedana coals have been classified as a high volatile, bituminous coal in accordance with the vitrinite reflectance values (58.75–74.32 %) and other rank parameters (carbon, calorific value, and volatile matter content). The maceral analysis and reflectance study suggest that the coals in all the four seams are of good quality with low maceral matter association. Mineralogical investigations indicate that the inorganic fraction in the Pabedana coal samples is dominated by carbonates; thus, constituting the major inorganic fraction of the coal samples. Illite, kaolinite, muscovite, quartz, feldspar, apatite, and hematite occur as minor or trace phases. The variation in major elements content is relatively narrow between different coal seams. Elements Sc,, Zr, Ga, Ge, La, As, W, Ce, Sb, Nb, Th, Pb, Se, Tl, Bi, Hg, Re, Li, Zn, Mo, and Ba show varying negative correlation with ash yield. These elements possibly have an organic affinity and may be present as primary biological concentrations either with tissues in living condition and/or through sorption and formation of organometallic compounds.     

Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA

The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources.