地震测氡仪野外校准的新方法

为克服地震测氡仪野外校准氡气固体源监管严格等工作环境问题,引进东华理工大学新研制的豁免级微型氡室开展地震测氡仪野外校准实验,分析该微型氡室应用于地震测氡仪定期校准的可行性.根据《JJG 825-2013测氡仪检定规程》,分别使用微型氡室和标准氡室对2款在网观测测氡仪开展对比校准实验,分析认为采用微型氡室的校准方法基本可...     

SD-3系列测氡仪检查源在FD-125测氡仪坪曲线测试工作中的实验研究

在FD-125测氡仪检查工作中,需使用α检查源或固体氡气源测试高压-坪曲线来确定及检查最佳工作高压。由于厂家提供α检查源测试高压-计数率坪曲线坪区不明显、氡源故障,造成在FD-125测氡仪检查工作中难以对工作高压进行检查的问题。考虑到SD-3系列测氡仪其工作原理与FD-125测氡仪基本一致,SD-3系列测氡仪故障后所配置α检查源仍然可用,因此,将SD-3测氡仪检查源用于FD-125测氡仪的检查工作,经测试效果较好。     

AlphaGUARD与FD-125测氡仪的对比观测研究

本文用AlphaGUARD测氡仪进行真空状态下静置时间与氡浓度关系的实验,以总结AlphaGUARD测氡仪测试氡值的最佳稳定时间段及氡值变化是否符合氡衰变规律;通过对平行样品的观测,分析了AlphaGUARD测氡仪与FD-125测氡仪的一致性问题。结果表明,在静置时间70min以内,氡值变化比较稳定,70min之后氡观测值逐渐降低,基本符合氡放射性衰变规律:AlphaGUARD测氡仪与FD-125测氡仪结果具有一定偏差,平均相对偏差小于约10%。据推测可能是两个仪器的系统测试误差造成的,另外FD-125测氡仪自身存在校准氡源活度与样品浓度差距过大而导致测试结果偏离等缺点。以上实验结果为AlphaGUARD测氡仪在地震系统的推广应用积累了经验。     

洱源FD-105K与FD-125测氡仪对比观测分析

选取2015—2019年洱源水化站FD-105K与FD-125测氡仪对比观测资料,采用一阶差分、F检验、t检验等方法进行对比分析,结果显示:FD-125测氡仪测值总体偏低,且测量精度较低,数据离散程度较高;2套观测数据变化趋势一致性不理想,相关性较低,未通过F检验和t检验。综合分析认为,FD-125测氡仪暂时不能替代FD-105K测氡仪进行观测,需要增加震例对2套仪器的映震效能进行验证。     

福州地震台P2000测氡仪试测实验分析

对P2000与FD-125测氡仪进行为期一个半月的同步观测对比,并对P2000测氡仪该装置是否适用于地震氡观测及氡气标定器的刻度校正进行测试实验,根据观测的数据进行归纳和总结.结果表明,P2000测氡仪稳定性较好,操作使用简单,一次性充电可以连续使用十几个小时,较适用于野外观测.缺点是该测氡1次只能测1个水样,如果要测两平行样要六七个小时,时间相对较长.对观测的数据对比分析,发现虽然P2000测氡仪测值低于FD-125氡钍分析器的测值,但整体形态和趋势变化基本一致.     

测氡仪的标定及K值使用中存在的一些问题

观测地下水中氡含量的变化是水文地球化学方法监测预报地震的重要手段之一,也是探索地震孕育、发生的重要窗口。乌鲁木齐流体综合台采用FD-125型测氡仪观测地下水中氡含量的变化进行地震监测预报研究已进行了20多年。在水氡观测中,为保证观测资料的准确可靠,每年都要对测氡仪进行标定。标定得出的K值是测氡仪闪烁室的标准系数,对水氡测值起着纠正偏差的作用。从多年的标定工作和观测资料来看,     

AlphaGUARD测氡仪对BG2015R测氡仪标定的探索

氡对地震前后地层应力变化反应较为敏感,是示踪构造与地震活动的一种有效的化学元素。氡观测在我国地震前兆流体观测手段中占很大权重,但由于近年来仪器老化及更新换代较多,许多台站测氡仪的标定工作受到制约,因而影响了氡观测资料的准确性和可靠性。本文利用高精度的AlphaGUARD测氡仪,分别采用含有一定浓度的新鲜井水、固定源对宁德一号井BG2015R测氡仪进行标定实验,其结果是新K值与旧K值相对误差分别为2.83%和1.1%,标定结果符合中国地震台网的观测要求;同时对标定实验中AlphaGUARD测氡仪、BG2015R测氡仪测值进行了均值、一致性等指标计算分析,给出了对两套仪器标定时的取值建议。文中所述的标定实验的流程和方法可以为在网运行测氡仪的标定提供一定的技术参考。     

山西定襄七岩泉新旧测氡仪水氡测值稳定性及映震分析

2014年山西定襄七岩泉新增BHC-336智能定标器,对新、旧2套测氡仪的水氡测值,就稳定性、数据一致性、内在质量等进行对比分析,结果显示,因存在系统误差,2台测氡仪水氡测值稳定性均值存在差异,测量精度和性能具有一致性;与新测氡仪相比,旧测氡仪水氡测值相对偏差和均值标准误差更小,精度更高,数据相关程度较高,数据稳定性更好。定襄水氡对华北5级以上地震具有较好的映震能力,新测氡仪对2016年4月7日原平4.6级地震映震效能比旧测氡仪灵敏。     

探讨FD-125水氡仪观测静置最佳时间的选取

以崇明地震台观测井FD-125测氡仪观测资料为基础,结合笔者的工作实践,设计不同的观测实验,探讨FD-125测氡仪的氡测值与不同静置时间之间的关系,找出最佳的静置时间。实验结果表明,在1~3h内,测值与静置时间成正比,3h左右达到峰值;之后,测值随着静置时间的增加而减小。     

宁波站DDL-2与FD-105K测氡仪对比观测研究

测氡仪对比观测研究是探索仪器运行规律和提供可靠地震研究数据的支撑。文章基于使用AlphaGUARD P2000测氡仪作为无源标定仪器对DDL-2测氡仪进行溶解氡的校准实验,开展DDL-2测氡仪氡浓度响应研究以及DDL-2测氡仪和FD-105K测氡仪对比观测研究。结果表明：(1)校准K值的偏差值都在4.827 6%以内,满足目前地震监测观测技术要求和仪器标定要求;(2)DDL-2测氡仪可描述动态的水氡浓度,使用Origin 2018数据分析软件对氡浓度绘制拟合曲线,为氡值变化过程提供数学模型,鼓泡过程中水氡浓度经历迅速上升期、平缓期和稳定期,稳定后氡浓度变化幅度约为5.0 Bq/L,并且变化形态不尽相同;(3)使用Origin 2018对比分析数据,发现DDL-2测氡仪与AlphaGUARD P2000测氡仪较FD-105K测氡仪氡浓度日变化响应更灵敏且氡测值曲线吻合度更高。     

Walkaway VSP数据的联合相干成像(英文)

本文将相干成像用于WVSP数据的一次反射波和下行地表多次波的成像中,通过对叠加次数分布的分析,发现一次反射波相干成像的成像范围小但在井位置处的叠加次数高;下行地表多次波相干成像的成像范围大而在井位置处的叠加次数少。基于此,本文尝试利用一种WVSP的联合相干成像方法来解决这一问题。该方法利用WVSP的直达波与下行地表多次波和直达波与一次反射波来进行联合相干成像。这种联合相干成像方法在有效拓宽成像面积的同时增加了覆盖次数(特别是在井旁),使干涉记录中的虚假同相轴得到了有效地压制,提高了成像剖面的信噪比,使成像结果更加可靠。正演模拟得到的WVSP合成记录和野外实际采集到的WVSP数据处理结果均表明这种方法的有效性。     

Joint interferometric imaging of walkaway VSP data

In this paper, we image the subsurface reflectors by interferometric imaging using primary and downgoing first-order free-surface related multiple reflections in walkaway VSP data. By analyzing the stack fold distribution, we find that primary-direct interferometric imaging has a smaller image range, but its stack fold is higher near the well while ghost-direct interferometric imaging is the opposite. We try to solve this problem by the joint interferometric imaging of walkaway VSP data, combining primary-direct interferometric imaging with ghost-direct interferometric imaging. In this way, we can effectively widen the imaging range, simultaneously increase the fold (especially near the well), suppress spurious interference, and improve the image SNR, so that we can get a more credible image. Test results on synthetic walkaway VSP data and field data show that joint interferometric imaging is very effective.     

The 2002 flood consequences in the catchment of Otava River, Czech Republic

In this article we analyse and compare the data on consequences of the catastrophic 2002 floods in two subcatchments of Otava river basin collected during specialized mapping in 2003. The Otava River is situated in the southwest of the Czech Republic. From its basin we have chosen two different subcatchments: Lower Otava River, surrounded by flat, lowland landscape and Losenice River, swift stream descending from the Sumava Mountains. We also present some basic data on the flood course and its hydrological parameters and meteorological causes.     

Geophysical data sparse reconstruction based on L0-norm minimization

Missing data are a problem in geophysical surveys, and interpolation and reconstruction of missing data is part of the data processing and interpretation. Based on the sparseness of the geophysical data or the transform domain, we can improve the accuracy and stability of the reconstruction by transforming it to a sparse optimization problem. In this paper, we propose a mathematical model for the sparse reconstruction of data based on the L0-norm minimization. Furthermore, we discuss two types of the approximation algorithm for the L0-norm minimization according to the size and characteristics of the geophysical data: namely, the iteratively reweighted least-squares algorithm and the fast iterative hard thresholding algorithm. Theoretical and numerical analysis showed that applying the iteratively reweighted least-squares algorithm to the reconstruction of potential field data exploits its fast convergence rate, short calculation time, and high precision, whereas the fast iterative hard thresholding algorithm is more suitable for processing seismic data, moreover, its computational efficiency is better than that of the traditional iterative hard thresholding algorithm.     

b值统计中的影响因素及危险性分析中b值的选取a

b值是从实际地震资料的统计中得到的.它与实际资料的完整性、可靠性、统计样本量的大小、取样的时空范围、样本的起始震级和取样间隔等因素都有关系. 本文使用累积频度-震级关系,lgN=a-bM,以起始震级为4 3/4和5;震级间隔为1/4,1/2和1级对不同尺度的时空范围进行统计,从中寻找各因素对b值统计结果的影响,为如何合理统计b值取得了一些实验依据. 此外,本文还就历史地震资料和现代仪器记录资料的统一使用问题,lgN-M线性关系两端掉头对b值统计的影响问题也作了探讨,从而提出在地震危险性分析中b值选取的原则及合理选取b值的方法.最后讨论了b值统计中的误差范围及其对危险性分析所产生的影响.      

利用多通道瞬变电磁法识别深部矿体——以内蒙兴安盟铅锌银矿为例

多通道瞬变电磁法由于采用伪随机编码发射、最佳匹配相干解码技术,所以相比于传统时间域电磁方法勘探深度大且抗干扰能力强,是目前地面资源勘查领域的研究热点.针对内蒙兴安盟某铅锌银矿埋藏深度大等特点,首先根据矿区资料建立一维以及二维模型,数值计算脉冲响应并分析其特征,说明多通道瞬变电磁对于大埋深低阻异常体有良好的反映,随后通过多通道瞬变电磁技术对矿区进行实例勘查,数据处理过程中利用了反卷积的方法提取大地脉冲响应,根据轴向大地脉冲响应的峰值时刻计算视电阻率,通过对视电阻率进行全波形反演得到解释剖面,与测区钻孔资料对比分析证明,多通道瞬变电磁法是反映深部低阻异常体的有效手段.     

Implementation aspects of eigendecomposition‐based high‐resolution velocity spectra

In this paper, we discuss high‐resolution coherence functions for the estimation of the stacking parameters in seismic signal processing. We focus on the Multiple Signal Classification which uses the eigendecomposition of the seismic data to measure the coherence along stacking curves. This algorithm can outperform the traditional semblance in cases of close or interfering reflections, generating a sharper velocity spectrum. Our main contribution is to propose complexity‐reducing strategies for its implementation to make it a feasible alternative to semblance. First, we show how to compute the multiple signal classification spectrum based on the eigendecomposition of the temporal correlation matrix of the seismic data. This matrix has a lower order than the spatial correlation used by other methods, so computing its eigendecomposition is simpler. Then we show how to compute its coherence measure in terms of the signal subspace of seismic data. This further reduces the computational cost as we now have to compute fewer eigenvectors than those required by the noise subspace currently used in the literature. Furthermore, we show how these eigenvectors can be computed with the low‐complexity power method. As a result of these simplifications, we show that the complexity of computing the multiple signal classification velocity spectrum is only about three times greater than semblance. Also, we propose a new normalization function to deal with the high dynamic range of the velocity spectrum. Numerical examples with synthetic and real seismic data indicate that the proposed approach provides stacking parameters with better resolution than conventional semblance, at an affordable computational cost.     

地磁台网高压直流输电判别处理系统设计

介绍地磁高压直流输电干扰自动判断处理系统的主要功能、架构设计和运行流程,并对其核心功能的实现过程进行描述。本系统为全国地磁观测人员处理高压直流输电干扰提供具体时间、幅度参考标准,有利于地磁预处理数据质量的提高。     

Research and application of spectral inversion technique in frequency domain to improve resolution of converted PS-wave

Multi-wave exploration is an effective means for improving precision in the exploration and development of complex oil and gas reservoirs that are dense and have low permeability. However, converted wave data is characterized by a low signal-to-noise ratio and low resolution, because the conventional deconvolution technology is easily affected by the frequency range limits, and there is limited scope for improving its resolution. The spectral inversion techniques is used to identify λ/8 thin layers and its breakthrough regarding band range limits has greatly improved the seismic resolution. The difficulty associated with this technology is how to use the stable inversion algorithm to obtain a high-precision reflection coefficient, and then to use this reflection coefficient to reconstruct broadband data for processing. In this paper, we focus on how to improve the vertical resolution of the converted PS-wave for multi-wave data processing. Based on previous research, we propose a least squares inversion algorithm with a total variation constraint, in which we uses the total variance as a priori information to solve under-determined problems, thereby improving the accuracy and stability of the inversion. Here, we simulate the Gaussian fitting amplitude spectrum to obtain broadband wavelet data, which we then process to obtain a higher resolution converted wave. We successfully apply the proposed inversion technology in the processing of high-resolution data from the Penglai region to obtain higher resolution converted wave data, which we then verify in a theoretical test. Improving the resolution of converted PS-wave data will provide more accurate data for subsequent velocity inversion and the extraction of reservoir reflection information.     

雷电对地磁相对记录干扰机理探究

地磁相对记录中,雷电干扰在全国范围普遍存在,但干扰原理尚未明了,给仪器的日常维护和数据预处理带来困惑.以蒙城地震台2009-2010年两套GM4磁通门磁力仪记录的数据为基础,针对该类干扰现象进行对比分析,并对其形成原理进行探索.