太阳绕太阳系质心运动22年周期及其与太阳活动的联系

对于太阳活动22年周期的成因机制长期存在着争论.本文借助于行星会合指数以及开普勒第三定律,对太阳绕太阳系质心运动周期进行了分析计算.结果发现,太阳绕太阳系质心运动存在22.1826年显著周期,这与太阳磁场变化的22.20年周期相吻合.并从太阳系角动量守恒的角度解释了两者之间的成因联系:在太阳绕太阳系质心运动的准22年周期中,太阳系质心与太阳质心逐步接近而后逐步分离.当两个质心之间的距离接近零的时候,太阳轨道角动量与自转角动量叠加,会导致太阳自转角速度的加快;当两个质心之间的距离逐渐远离的时候,则导致太阳自转角速度的减慢.这可能是引发太阳活动和太阳磁场变化的原因.这一新认识为太阳活动准22年周期成因机制的解释提供了新的线索和依据.     

太阳活动Hallstatt周期及太阳活动周强弱变化的预测

基于之前创建的行星会合指数运动学方程,发现太阳质心具有平均准22年向太阳系质心靠近(有时近似重合)的轨道运动周期.在整个太阳系角动量守恒的前提下,推出太阳自转角动量和太阳绕转角动量之和守恒.二者角动量转换造成太阳自转角动量变化和太阳绕转角动量变化具有互为反向的准22年变化规律.太阳自转角速度变化(dω/dt)图像与太阳黑子磁性指数图像具有一致对应关系,这种对应关系可以从物理机制上对太阳活动周相位变化和太阳活动强弱变化进行解释,这为预测太阳活动提供了一种有效方法.本研究为太阳活动替代性指标指代的双世纪周期和2403年哈尔斯塔(Hallstatt)周期规律找到了理论根据.     

太阳轨道运动—太阳磁场变化与地球高层大气温度准22年周期循环的联系

基于创建的行星会合指数运动学方程,获得了太阳绕太阳系质心的运动周期为准22年.太阳轨道运动周期和北半球高空大气温度场准22年变化周期二者具有极大的相关性.在整个太阳系角动量守恒的前提下,得到太阳轨道角动量和太阳自转角动量之和守恒.理论上,通过太阳绕转和自转角动量间的转换,建立了行星会合指数与全球高层大气温度场变化的对应关系,进而在大气温度场变化与太阳活动之间建立了联系,并对全球气候变化的成因机制进行了新的探索.     

太阳自转每隔11年受到行星系统反方向旋转切向力的作用

基于创建的行星会合指数(K)运动学方程,得到太阳绕太阳系质心绕转的真正周期为准22.1826年.在整个太阳系角动量守恒前提下,根据K指数所指代的太阳绕太阳系质心运动轨迹推出:太阳绕转和太阳自转各自角动量虽不守恒,但二者角动量之和守恒.当行星系统处于最大相背离状态,太阳自转角动量增加,太阳自转受到逆时针方向旋转切向力的作用;当行星系统处于最大会合状态,太阳自转角动量减小,太阳自转受到顺时针方向旋转切向力的作用.行星系统远日4颗大质量行星和近日4颗小质量行星对太阳引力的合力沿太阳绕转轨道半径垂直方向的分力,具有准22年周期变化,而且该力的方向就是沿太阳旋转运动轨迹的切向方向.该分力11年与太阳自转方向同向,另11年与太阳自转方向反向,且分别对应太阳自转角动量11年增大和11年减小的变化.这为研究太阳22年磁周期动力学机制探寻到一种新的思想方法.     

基于行星会合指数对太阳系结构变化的自禀赋特征的辨析

基于太阳系质心坐标系论证了太阳和行星系质心同步绕太阳系质心运动的命题.对K指数的研究发现,太阳系结构演变可导致选定的太阳质心坐标系的性质具有周期性变化的特征.太阳系结构变化可以从K指数的量值上予以区分.当行星系统处在K=Kmax和K=Kmin分布状态时,所揭示的正是整个太阳系结构演变的两种性质相反的极端状态.太阳轨道运动的复杂性主要是指太阳轨道运动具有向太阳自转运动转变的周期性变化特征.K指数除了具有指代太阳轨道运动极半径的变化特征之外,还近似具有与木星同步绕转的方向周期.理论分析获得:太阳轨道运动角动量的变化可导致太阳自转角动量和行星系统轨道角动量的变化,这对进一步探讨地球轨道运动扣自转运动的变化机制具有重要的参考价值.     

地球自转角速度长周期变化对太阳轨道运动特征的一种响应机制

地球自转角速度的季节性和年变化的成因已达成基本共识,但更长时间尺度的周期性变化成因尚无定论,它们或归因于太阳活动、日月引潮力、地壳反弹、大气圈波动或行星摄动的影响等.直至目前,地球自转变化的规律和机制还没有完全弄清楚.研究发现:根据行星会合指数(K)标定太阳轨道运动特征的方法是可行的.通过对行星会合指数(K)的FFT检测发现太阳轨道运动周期与前人研究的地球自转日长(LOD)变化周期具有极强的相关性.太阳轨道运动在受到行星系统力矩作用的同时,致使近日行星轨道运动受到太阳引力作用的波动影响而产生扰动.受太阳巨大引力作用的牵制,导致地球轨道角动量和太阳轨道角动量的变化具有正相关关系.根据地球轨道角动量和自转角动量之和守恒,进而推断地球自转角速度的变化对太阳轨道运动特征的响应,这在思想方法上是一种突破.     

行星会合指数变化与太阳绕太阳系质心运转的周期

本文创建了行星会合指数(K)运动学方程,通过定义的行星会合指数可以指代行星会合与相背离的程度,进而发现太阳(S)绕太阳系质心(C)运动的轨迹、形态变化特征.对该运动学方程构建的图像分析发现,太阳绕太阳系质心转动有近半程时间,太阳系质心是处于太阳本体之内.以质量为权重求出了行星系质心运日运动的恒星周期,从而获得了太阳绕太阳系质心运转的真正周期为21.8192年(约22年),并得到了太阳绕太阳系质心运动的轨迹.     

基于行星会合指数对太阳轨道运动速度和加速度指数的建立——对太阳自转运动周期性振荡成因机制的探讨

Tlatov(2007)研究表明太阳自转具有准22年振荡周期,并认为是太阳系自引力造成的.根据刘复刚和王建(2013)创建的行星会合指数KP(令KP=K是为了和其他指数的表现形式相统一)和获得的修正系数发现:太阳轨道运动具有平均准22.1826年运动周期,认为太阳轨道角动量和太阳自转角动量的周期性叠加致使太阳自转角速度具有准22.20年周期性变化.基于行星会合指数KP同时标定了太阳质心S相对于一个无法观测到的太阳系质心C位置关系的变化规律,进而通过太阳轨道运动指数KS、速率指数Kv、加速度指数Kα对太阳轨道运动特征进行了系统描述,这使得从行星系统之视角分析、揭示太阳运动和太阳活动成为可能,并对太阳自转运动的准11年和22年周期振荡受控于太阳轨道运动的调控进行了分析,这从探索途径和思想方法上是一种突破.依K_P表达式给出的太阳轨道运动轨迹与Jose(1965)、杨志根等(1988)、Scafetta(2014)、Mc Cracken等(2014)给出的图像不但形态特征相同而且图像的相位也完全一致.行星会合指数KP更重要的作用是标定了行星系统质心距离太阳位置关系的变化.本文从行星系统质心出发,根据行星系统质心P与太阳质心S绕太阳系质心C同步运动这一基本原理来进一步揭示太阳轨道运动规律.由于研究问题的出发点和视角不同,按这一途径可根据8大行星公开的天文数据分析太阳轨道运动规律.这种方法不但把纷繁复杂的行星系统统一起来,呈现出行星系统固有的整体运动规律,而且在整个太阳系中建立了与太阳处于相同子系统地位的行星系统质心.在此基础上,通过行星系统质心P与太阳S间位置关系变化,系统分析了太阳S和太阳系质心C的统一与分野规律.其重要意义是通过行星系质心运动规律发现它与太阳轨道运动特征间的本质联系,这使得从行星系统质心的运动特征对太阳运动与太阳活动关系的探寻成为可能.     

对太阳轨道运动不绕过太阳系质心这一周期性特征的再分析

基于行星会合指数和行星系日心经度分别获得行星系质心到太阳的距离和日心经度的变化特征,发现杨学祥等(1999)指出的在1990—1994年太阳轨道运动并没有绕过太阳系质心这一特征具有准179年周期.根据对会合指数K极小值的分析表明,当会合指数向量K_(sp)0时,行星系质心和木星在太阳一侧,保持与太阳同步绕太阳系质心运动;当K_(sp)0时,则出现行星系质心和木星分别处在太阳质心的两侧,此时行星系质心没有绕过太阳质心,致使太阳质心没能绕过太阳系质心.行星会合指数与行星系质心日心经度两个时间序列的功率谱检测出不同的周期,表明二者指代的物理特征不同.分别对行星会合指数和行星系质心日心经度最强功率谱所标定的19.86年和11.86年周期的物理意义进行澄清,前者是行星会合指数K在极大值附近具有相等K值的频率所表现出的周期,它不是方向周期;后者主要指相对于太阳质心,行星系质心轨迹的封闭曲线旋进和旋出所对应的相同日心经度的频率明显增大所表现出来的周期,它不是理论上K指数相等条件下的周期.这为探索太阳轨道运动与太阳活动的关系研究具有参考价值.     

基于行星会合指数对太阳轨道运动特征的分析

运用刘复刚和王建(2013a)创建的行星会合指数K指代太阳绕太阳系质心运动时,一般情况,行星系质心是和木星位于太阳一侧.当其它3颗大质量行星(或其它7颗行星)和木星分居在太阳两侧,并且这4颗大质量行星(或8颗行星)与太阳近似排成直列的状态时,行星系质心则处在木星相反一侧,这时造成了太阳绕太阳系质心顺时针旋转的假象.本文对这一认识进行了澄清,并通过图示的方法定性地解释了太阳在一个行星系统平均轨道会合周期内角速度的变化特征.相当太阳系质心(C)从太阳本体旋出直到C再次旋进太阳本体这一时段,太阳轨道运动是处在减速期;而当C旋进直到旋出太阳本体这一时段,太阳轨道运动处在加速期.并将其运动特征与太阳轨道角动量的变率进行了对比,这将为揭示太阳活动规律的动力学机制提供了一种可能途径和新的思想方法.     

海洋和大气对Chandler摆动激发的贡献

用1985～1995年期间海洋角动量变化序列和大气角动量变化序列,分析它们对Chandler摆动的激发能量以及它们与天文观测激发的相干性. 结果表明，在Chandler摆动频带内，海洋角动量变化提供的激发能量大约占观测激发的64髎，其中洋底压力变化起主导作用；NCEP/NCAR(美国国家环境预测中心/国家大气研究中心)和JMA(日本气象厅)大气角动量变化提供的激发能量分别为观测激发的23髎和214髎. 海洋激发与观测激发的相干系数约为0.52，接近99髎置信度下限(0.54)，海洋激发的相位滞后观测激发约19°；NCEP/NCAR和JMA的大气激发与观测激发的相干系数分别为0.32和0.37，大气激发的相位超前观测激发分别约47°和19°. 用更短期间(9年、6年)的海洋和大气角动量序列与更长期间(16、39年)的大气角动量序列作分析表明，在Chandler摆动频带内，无论是它们的激发能量，还是它们与观测激发之间的相干系数都呈现很大的变化，而且这些变化具有某种程度的随机性.     

On the mean atmospheric circulation over Antarctica

Abstract

The south-easterly surface flow down the slopes of Antarctica induces a transfer of westerly angular momentum to the atmosphere, which must be removed from the Antarctic domain by atmospheric transports. It is suggested that synoptic eddies protruding from the northern baroclinic zone into the polar regions are modified by the topography such that they are able to perform these meridional transports. A simple linear two-layer model of the axisymmetric circulation of Antarctica is presented where the eddy effects are incorporated via a K-ansatz. It is shown that qualitatively realistic mean flow patterns can be obtained with this model. The limitations of this approach are exposed.     

由地球自转的年际变化预测El Nino事件

分析了地球自转、大气角动量和太阳黑子相对数的年际变化与Ｅｌ Ｎｉｏ的关系。结果表明：当地球自转速率的年际变化由快向慢转变,即表示年际变化的△ＬＯＤ１的数值由极小逐渐增加并转变为正值约半年后,Ｅｌ Ｎｉｏ的初期开始出现。此期间大气角动量的年际变化也呈现从小到大的过程。通过分析新的地球自转变化测值,预测２００１年将出现Ｅｌ Ｎｉｏ。结果还表明Ｅｌ Ｎｉｏ可能与太阳活动有一定的关系。     

On the role of the Asian monsoon in the angular momentum and kinetic energy balances of the tropics

The balance conditions of relative angular momentum and time-mean kinetic energy and their annual variations are studied for the Northern Hemisphere tropical belt. The belt is divided into two roughly equal size parts, the monsoon and the extramonsoon regions. The data used consist of all available daily rawinsonde reports from the world areological network for the two 5-year periods 1958–63 and 1968–73.In winter, the trade winds in the monsoon and extramonsoon regions are both sources of westerly relative angular momentum for the middle latitude circulation. However, it is found that the angular momentum gained in the extramonsoon region of the Tropics is mostly destroyed by a net southward flow of mass in that region, and becomes regenerated in the monsoon region by a net northward flow of mass there. This excess of angular momentum together with the angular momentum picked up locally in the monsoon region is almost all exported across its northern boundary. It is further found that in winter the Tropics are also an important source of mean kinetic energy for middle latitudes. Again almost all export of kinetic energy was found to take place across the northern boundary of the monsoon sector. Most of this energy must be generated through the pressure gradient term inside the monsoon region itself, the transformation from transient eddy kinetic energy being very small. The proper evaluation of the pressure gradient appears to be the main stumbling block in the present study, preventing us from estimating the generation and thereby, as a residual, the frictional dissipation in the two regions.In summer, the extramonsoon region remains a source of angular momentum, but the monsoon region with its surface westerlies acts as a sink, leading to a sharp reduction (and even a midsummer reversal) of the export into middle latitudes. Also the export of mean kinetic energy almost vanishes in summer, except for a small southward transfer across the equator. The calculations for two 5-year periods give very similar estimates and thereby show the reliability of the results.Parts of this paper were presented at the International Symposium on Monsoons, March 7–12, 1977 in New Delhi, India.     

Addressing Hurricane Intensity through Angular Momentum and Scale Energetics Approaches

This paper addresses two avenues for gaining insight into the hurricane intensity issue—the angular momentum approach and the scale interaction approach. In the angular momentum framework, the torques acting on a parcel's angular momentum are considered along an inflowing trajectory in order to construct the angular momentum budget. These torques are separable into three components: The pressure torque, the surface friction torque, and the cloud torque. All torques are found to diminish the angular momentum of an inflowing parcel, with the cloud torques having the most important role. In the scale interaction approach, energy exchanges among different scales within a hurricane are considered as a means of understanding hurricane intensity. It is found that the majority of kinetic energy contribution to the hurricane scales originates from potential-to-kinetic in-scale energy conversions. The contribution of mean-wave interactions in the kinetic energy varies with distance from the center and with the life stage of a storm. In the early stages, as the disorganized convection becomes organized on the hurricane scales, upscale energy transfers (i.e., from small to large scale) are found to take place in the outer radii of the storm. In a mature storm, the kinetic energy transfers are downscale, except for the inner radii.     

Comparison of Two Wavelet Transform Coherence and Cross-Covariance Functions Applied on Polar Motion and Atmospheric Excitation

The wavelet transform techniques were applied to compute time-frequency spectra, coherence and cross-covariance functions between complex-valued polar motion and atmospheric excitation functions. These wavelet transform approaches are based on the classical wavelet transform with Morlet wavelet and the harmonic wavelet transform. The computed coherence and cross-covariance functions enable comparison of polar motion and atmospheric excitation functions data in the chosen frequency band. In the study we concentrate on short period oscillations with periods ranging from several to about 250 days. The time lag functions show frequency dependent time lags corresponding to maxima of the modules of cross-covariance functions between the polar motion and atmospheric excitation functions.     

Inertial theory of the mean Hadley circulation under the condition of nonstatic equilibrium

1 Introduction The mean meridional circulation plays an important role in the transportation and balance of heat, momen- tum, vortex and vapor between different latitudes. According to the data analysis, there are three circula- tions from the equator to the polar area: the Hadley circulation, a heat-driven circulation which rises around the equator and sinks at a certain latitude; the subpolar circulation, another heat-driven circulation around the polar area; and the Ferrel circulation, an i…     

地球自转速度的年变化

本文利用宋贯一等（2006）发表的“极移的成因及其移动特征”一文中的自转轴受迫摆动资料,从理论上推断出地球自转速度年变化的特征.结果证明,理论计算出的地球自转速度年变化曲线形态特征与观测曲线形态特征十分吻合.从而得出,太阳辐射光压在南、北半球的不平衡分布是引起地球自转速度年变化的主要原因.     

A Possible Detection of the 26 December 2004 Great Sumatra-Andaman Islands Earthquake with Solution Products of the International GNSS Service

The main goal of this work is to critically review the IGS solution products and Precise Point Positioning (PPP) in order to demonstrate their potential to contribute to studies of large earthquakes such as the one that devastated Southeast Asia on December 26th, 2004. In view of a possible detection of the Mw 9.0 Sumatra-Andaman Islands Earthquake of December 26, 2004, position solutions, ranging from intervals of years to one second, of four International GNSS Service (IGS) stations within 3000 km of the epicenter were examined. The IGS combined, cumulative solution product (IGS04P51), consisting of epoch and station velocity solutions and based on data spans of several years prior to the earthquake, was used as a reference. Four IGS combined weekly position solutions (igs04P1301-4), two weeks before and after the earthquake, were utilized for the weekly solution resolution. PPP static and kinematic solutions with IGS Final combined orbits and clocks were used for the mean daily and instantaneous 5-min and 1-sec epoch solutions, respectively. The most significant changes, detected by both weekly and daily solutions occurred in longitude. The nearest IGS station ntus, about 1000 km east of the epicenter, moved westward about 15 mm, while the more distant Indian station iisc (∼ 2300 km NW from the epicenter), shifted about 15 mm eastward. In spite of position errors caused by interpolation of the 5-min IGS clocks, the 1-sec solutions, based on separate data sets, available only for two stations (iisc, dgar), still showed seismic surface waves, in particular at the Indian station iisc. Precise daily IGS combined polar motion and length-of-day products, after correcting for the atmospheric effects, also likely detected, statistically significant, anomalistic excitations on December 26, 2004 that could be caused by this great earthquake.     

内核地球自转动力学理论的研究进展(Ⅳ)——内核自转动力学方程

本文是序列文章的第四篇,其内容包括：基于连续介质力学的基本理论,给出了固体外核（SIC）自转的动力学方程,考虑了地球的自引力、液核对内核边界的压力和二阶外部引潮力位对SIC自转的影响,并在O(mε)的量级上给出了其实用的表达式.本文的理论推导更加严密和细致,改正了文献〔1〕在推导过程中的某些错误（例如：（B39）、（B44）和（B59c）式）.本文的工作是对文献〔1〕有关理论的扩展和改进,对进一步研究内核地球自转的动力学理论是非常重要的.