可展宽地震资料有效频宽的随机噪声衰减方法

很多地区地震资料的信噪比较低,而用于压制与信号具有不同方向的随机噪声的常规二维滤波方法常常产生假信息。基于相邻信号具有相干性这一假设,本文提出了一种叠后衰减随机噪声的多道滤波方法。该方法利用信噪比最高的中频段信息(含有主频的这一频率区间)分时窗计算信号单位矢量,并将该时窗内全频段数据向信号单位矢量方向投影,对各时窗(包括时间方向和空间方向)重叠部分按比例进行加权。我们利用这种方法对含有陡倾角的合成地震数据和海上二维实际地震资料进行了处理,处理效果很好。这种方法较为费时,但不受倾角限制,应用范围广。     

基于相关迭代的非因果匹配滤波器多次波压制方法

针对常规多次波压制(SRME)方法存在的缺陷进行了改进.首先在多次波模型道预测阶段,采用数据相关和迭代更新的策略预测多次波模型道,该方法降低了SRME方法采用数据空间褶积对输入数据要求严格的限制,提高了对近偏移距缺失和空间假频数据的适应性.在匹配相减阶段,本文设计了一种非因果非平稳的匹配滤波器,该滤波器可以对整道多次波模型进行处理,而且当预测多次波模型道滞后于实际多次波时,也能够对多次波模型道进行很好的匹配.模型数据和实际数据试算证明该方法在多次波模型道预测和匹配相减阶段的优越性.     

一种多前缘多阈值的波形重构算法

为了改善近海测高精度,本文对近海测高波形的特征进行了研究,并在现有算法的基础上提出基于波前缘识别算法的多前缘多阈值波形重构方法.然后将该方法用于中国近海的卫星测高波形数据的处理,得到精度与分辨率更好的海面高数据.作为验证,将此海面高数据换算为重力异常并与船测重力进行比较,结果显示该方法可以明显提高卫星测高精度.     

核磁共振测井孔隙度观测模式与处理方法研究

核磁共振（NMR）测井是确定地层孔隙度的有效方法,已经得到广泛应用.但是,在我国部分油田的应用中发现核磁测井孔隙度与常规孔隙度之间存在明显差异.本文对NMR测井孔隙度观测模式和处理方法进行研究,分析了NMR孔隙度误差的来源.针对富含蒙脱石、伊利石和伊/蒙混层粘土矿物的陆相沉积砂泥岩地层,根据这些粘土矿物的NMR横向弛豫时间T2值特征以及孔隙度处理结果得到的40 ms附近孔隙度分配量不合适,提出了新的观测模式和处理方法,并用实验验证了新方法的可行性.     

基于信号整体与局部特征的地震数据自动处理方法研究

提出一种基于信号整体与局部特征的地震数据自动处理新方法, 该方法不同于以往仅采用包络线互相关来直接检测事件. 新方法依然按照检测、 识别、 关联和定位等4个步骤进行处理, 但在进行单个震相信号检测的同时, 也检测信号波列并利用其包络线特征来识别和关联震相. 文中详细阐述了数据处理过程中如何定义一个波列及抽取和应用其特征. 相关的数据处理技术目前已成功应用于区域台网的日常数据处理分析中. 作为例子, 给出了对新疆区域台网连续16天数据进行测试处理的结果. 实际应用结果表明, 这种新方法可以大幅度降低自动处理结果的误检、 漏检率, 在实际应用中具有很好的前景.      

基于曲波变换的航空电磁数据调平方法研究

航空电磁法由于高效和高精度的特点广泛应用于地质填图、矿产资源、地下水、及环境与工程等勘查.然而,航空电磁系统处于动态环境,噪声影响严重,航空电磁数据处理至关重要.航空电磁数据噪声除随机成分外,还包括有各种效应引起的畸变,数据去噪需要依据噪声特征进行处理.航空电磁数据调平是航空电磁数据处理中至关重要的步骤,它能有效去除数据中由飞机飞行条件变化导致系统状态变化而产生的异常.传统的调平方法由于效率较低、易产生数据畸变等受到限制.为了克服这些局限性,我们提出一种基于曲波变换的数据调平方法.该方法得益于曲波变换多尺度和多方向性特征,可以有效地提取数据中的调平误差并予以去除.与此同时,利用该方法我们可以对非规则测区数据进行直接调平,无需进行测区分割,显著提高调平效率和普适性.为了检验本文曲波变换调平方法的有效性,我们将其应用于理论数据以及在爱尔兰Waterford地区实测的航电数据调平.实验结果表明该方法有效地去除调平误差的同时很好地保留有用信号.     

Hilbert-Huang变换与ELF信号处理

Hilbert-Huang变换(HHT)是近年出现的一种自适应的非平稳、非线性信号处理方法,该方法迄今已在许多非线性、非平稳信号处理的研究领域得到了很好的应用.本文简要介绍了Hilbert-Huang变换的基本实现原理与算法基础,通过仿真信号验证了该方法的有效性,并以实际数据为例,探讨了它在极低频(ELF)信号处理及噪声压制方面的应用.利用Hilbert-Huang变换对ELF信号进行频率域滤波,可以对噪声进行有效压制,从而提取已知频率的电磁信号,极大地提高信号质量.     

基于混编的地震前兆数据可视化系统

随着地震前兆台网数字化改造的不断发展,工作人员对地震前兆软件海量数据处理能力的要求不断提高。基于混编的地震前兆数据可视化系统所采用的混合编程模式,与传统方法相比,同时兼具了更好的友好人机界面、更强大的数据分析可视化能力等优点。实验表明,该系统能提高地震前兆工作的效率与质量,具有很好的可行性和高效性。     

全张量重力梯度数据滤波处理(英文)

在石油和金属矿勘探中,相对于重力数据,重力梯度张量数据含有高频的信号成分,能更好的描述小的异常特征。然而,全张量重力梯度仪测量值中含有高频随机噪声。从高频信号成分中分离出噪声将是处理重力梯度张量数据的一个挑战。本文在拉普拉斯方程约束条件下推导了重力梯度张量的笛卡尔方程和位场的表达式,然后应用笛卡尔方程通过最优线性反演方法拟合测量的重力梯度张量值。从而去除测量值中的噪声。通过模型实验,证明了这种方法不仅能很好的去除高频的随机噪声,而且能增强被噪声淹没的弱异常信号。与传统的低通滤波方法相比,避免了通过牺牲分辨率来达到去除噪声的缺点。最后将该方法应用到Bell Geospace在Vinton Dome测得的Air-FTG梯度张量数据中,并取得了很好的效果。     

宽频高分辨率处理与多次波衰减新方法在南海珠江口盆地X工区的应用

南海珠江口盆地是我国重要的油气资源产区,该产区的浅海区域内多次波发育严重。文中以信号预处理得到的高信噪比数据为基础,测试了一套宽频提高分辨率及多次波衰减的处理思路。在宽频高分辨率处理方面,通过应用自适应鬼波压制技术结合成像域保幅性BWXT拓频技术得到高分辨率数据体。针对浅海自由表面多次波,在数据域采用确定性水层多次波预测技术与广义表层多次波预测技术进行联合压制,结果显示该两种方法的组合使用能有效压制该区域内的水面相关多次波。通过对各技术方法处理前后的道集、频谱、叠前时间偏移剖面的质控分析可以发现,该处理流程在珠江口盆地X工区的地震资料处理中有很好的应用效果,多次波得到有效衰减。最终生成的宽频高分辨率地震数据为后期高精度储层预测及地质研究工作奠定了坚实的基础。且文中提出的处理思路对浅海海洋资料高分辨率处理具有很强的适用性,可推广应用于类似海洋环境的数据处理中。     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Aims And Scope

正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States.     

WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RESEARCH(WASER)

正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study     

Enhancing remote sensing research on global change to improve our understanding on Earth system processes

正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases     

Dissolved Carbohydrate Concentration,Composition, and Bioavailability to Microbial Heterotrophs in Stream Water

Dissolved total carbohydrates (DTCH), dissolved free monosaccharides (DFMS), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), biodegradable DOC (BDOC), and humic substances (HS) were measured in White Clay Creek (WCC), a stream in southeastern Pennsylvania Piedmont, USA. Samples were collected over different seasons and under baseflow and stormflow conditions. DOC concentrations ranged from 1.0 to 12.8 mg/L C with the highest concentrations associated with stormflows. Carbohydrates ranged from 0.42 to 12.4 μM and accounted for 2.9 to 12.7% of the DOC. Humic substances represented the major DOC fraction, accounting for 55 to 72% of the DOC pool under all flow conditions. The humic fraction had a lower carbohydrate content (4.4%) than the non-humic fraction of DOC (7.2%). Stormflow DOC was enriched in carbohydrates relative to baseflow DOC, but the percentage of humic-C changed little. Carbohydrates were primarily present as dissolved polysaccharides (55%), but a significant fraction was bound to humic substances (40%), while a small proportion was present as monosaccharides (5%). The major monosaccharides in stream water, listed in order of decreasing concentration, included glucose, galactose, rhamnose, xylose, arabinose, mannose, and fucose. On average (30.6 ± 7.4)% (n = 44) of the stream water DOC was biodegradable, and carbohydrates accounted for 9.9 to 17.7% of the BDOC.