地质雷达在公路滑坡加固治理中的应用

地质雷达能快速、准确地探测地下潜在的地质缺陷体的空间位置、形状大小及电性质等其他一些地质参数,可以为滑坡的加固设计、施工提供可靠的资料,简述了地质雷达的勘探原理和方法,并以实例说明了地质雷达在滑坡治理中的应用方法及效果。     

低频地质雷达深层探测分析

地质雷达在探测地下煤层和采空区的效果往往不是很好.通过对英国Utsi Electronics Ltd公司最新研发的Groundvue 6和Groundvue 7地质雷达在北京门头沟地区探测地下煤层和采空区的实例,验证了地质雷达深层探测的能力和可能性,并分析其能够探测地下60 m左右深度采空区的原理.     

地质雷达技术在地下管线探测中的应用

地质雷达作为一种新的探测方法,在城市管线探测过程中得到了越来越广泛的应用。本文结合RAMAC型地质雷达在嘉兴市管线普查中的实际应用,阐明了地质雷达的工作原理和方法,并得到了一些有意义的结论。     

地质雷达在乌拉山山前断裂探测中的应用

地质雷达是利用电磁波对地下不同电性介质进行探测的地球物理仪器，其探测速率快、分辨率高，可弥补探槽和其他地球物理方法存在探测盲区的缺陷，正在越来越多地应用于活动断层探测领域。本文以乌拉山山前断裂为例开展地质雷达探测工作，使用无人机正射影像技术对测线进行地形校正，获得断层浅部地质雷达图像。研究结果表明，本文研究方法能有效反映探槽揭露的地层单元和断层分布。本次探测中，雷达波形图像特征为:浅地表的土壤层反射波总体较弱；粗粒沉积为主的砾石层反射波总体较强，同相轴连续性好；细粒沉积为主的砂层反射波弱于砾石层，波形以中、高频为主，同相轴具有弱连续性；对于洪冲积地区，地质雷达能分辨具有一定特征的地层单元，这为剖面图像的断层识别提供了标志；通过无人机正射影像技术对地质雷达测线进行地形校正，有利于获得更为准确的探测结果。     

综合物探方法在滑坡地质勘探中的应用研究

综合物探方法在滑坡等地质灾害的勘探中发挥着重要的技术作用。这里以河南省某地滑坡勘探为例,利用高密度电阻率法和地质雷达法等综合物探方法,分析两种物探方法的技术原理、联合解释,并结合地质钻探、地质调查等资料,查明该场地滑坡体的分布情况。结果表明,综合物探方法能有效地减少物探的多解性,提高成果解释精度,其综合物探解释成果与地质情况较为吻合,显示出综合物探方法在滑坡等地质灾害勘探中的重要作用。最后,对综合物探方法及综合解释进行了简要的总结和展望。     

地质雷达在公路路面脱空检测中的应用研究

我国交通运输发展很快,公路路面的磨损问题日益突出,其中的一个重要问题就是脱空问题。如何对脱空进行快速无损的检测是物探界的研究重点。通过应用实例及模型试验研究等,充分阐述了公路脱空的快速无损检测技术——地质雷达在应用上的可行性、有效性,同时得出了重要结论:脱空的雷达反射波振幅与脱空的垂向高度呈近似正比关系。     

地震和地质雷达层析成像的地质地球物理模拟在环境中的应用

在用地震和地质雷达（GPR）数据作浅层勘探的应用中，研制了一个叫做GeoSim/GeoEyes的交互图形软件系统，用于模拟在实际地质介质中的声波和电磁波的传播，以及在仿真数据上对层析成像方案作评价。GeoSim/GeoEyes仿真环境是在工作站上X Windows/Motif交互图形条件下开发的。GeoSim/GeoEyes系统由4个主要次级处理过程组成，受顶层主功能控制：（1）地质模型和参数产生；（2）信号仿真；（3）层析图象预览和产生；（4）图象显示和分析。尽管GeoSim/GeoEyes的开发主要是为了在实际数据采集之前用仿真信号评价层析成像方案，但该系统也可以处理野外采集的实际地震和电磁场数据，所以仿真成像和从实际数据产生的图象相比较，将允许对模型的合法性进行评价以致提高模型参数的精度。     

地质雷达在桩底岩溶探测中的应用

在石灰岩地区的建筑基础设计为挖孔桩时，需进行桩底岩溶探测。钻探是进行桩底岩溶探测的传统方法，但其效率低下。本文提出了地质雷达探测法，是利用物探方法解决桩底岩溶探测问题的一个新的尝试，使桩底岩溶探测更为有效，方便和快捷。     

地质雷达在三峡工程施工阶段应用研究

长江三峡工程施工阶段面临众多复杂的工程地质问题和施工技术难题。寻找一种快捷、高分辨无损探测手段查明施工中出现的隐蔽的地质缺陷或质量问题,无疑对施工进度和施工质量起到保证作用,采用地质雷达手段,探明了开挖过程中花岗岩体不均匀风化分布范围：圈定出较大断层及风化夹层的延伸范围和产状;并进行了专用高速公路质量检查等,文章结合三个实例介绍应用情况。经现场验证,探测结果与实际情况吻合,应用效果显著。     

岩溶勘察中的探地雷达技术及应用

岩溶的空间分布和物性特征为探地雷达技术进行岩溶地球物理探测提供了基本前提条件.在已有的探测实例中应用探地雷达方法基本查明了岩溶的分布范围和充填性质，从而为岩溶区的岩土工程勘察和评价提供了有效手段及依据.     

GPR abilities in investigation of the pavement transversal cracks

This paper describes the results of an investigation into the capabilities of the GPR technique within the field of pavement crack diagnostics. Initially, laboratory tests were performed on prototypes simulating idealized cracks. Next, long-term visual observation and repeated GPR scanning were performed, on three roads of semi-rigid construction, several hundreds of meters long and subjected to heavy traffic. Furthermore, a road of rigid construction was tested, having a more than 70-year history of use. In several cases the cracks were probed by drillings, in order to recognize structures responsible for signal generation, or to explain reasons of signal lacking.The main result of this work is a list of GPR indications of cracks, which can be noticed on echograms. It was created through a correlation of the visually-observed cracks with the corresponding echograms, with decimeter accuracy. Several types of GPR responses were classified and linked to possible categories of crack structures, or to processes associated with the presence of cracks (as crumbling, erosion, and lithological alterations). The poor visibility of cracks was also studied, due to small crack size, or to the blurred character of the damaged area, or else to masking effects related to coarse grains in the asphalt mixture.The efficiency of the proposed method for the identification and localization of cracks is higher when a long-term GPR observation is performed.     

全极化探地雷达采集系统及校准技术

依据极化技术在目标检测中的优势,将其融入到探地雷达测量中,构建了全极化探地雷达采集系统.包括硬件组合及软件设计,在硬件匹配的基础上,利用软件技术将硬件操作单界面化,实现了系统的自动运行.利用此系统在实验室内对几种典型目标体进行了测试,得到其全极化信息响应,鉴于极化散射矩阵能够完全表征目标体的极化特性,计算了目标体的极化...     

提取非金属管GPR图像的非线性技术

Non-linear Technique for Abstracting the Non-metallic Pipeline Image from GPR Section     

GPR prospection in ancient Ephesos

Urban area of ancient Ephesos (present Turkey) is too large to be fully excavated, so geophysical prospection and mapping can help with the investigation. Georadar is one of the most effective tools for it. Two different tasks solved by georadar are presented. The first problem was the interconnection between the city and the temple of Artemis. By historical records, it was made by two sacred procession roads, which had character of Graeco–Roman stoa, i.e., a roofed road. Only small parts of these roads were discovered in ruins or excavated. Some hundreds of metres from total length of a few kilometres became known, but the questions above were not solved. Then, the area was prospected by georadar. Series of GPR lines were scanned gradually from the last known points and evaluated right on the spot. As a result, a plan of georadar indications could be drawn. These indications created two lines tracing unknown parts of both roads joining together and then continuing till the entry of the temple. The results were confirmed by two boreholes. The second task was mapping of Hellenistic level of Tetragonos agora. At present, it is under the Roman level, and is visible only in some excavation pits. About a half the square was covered by detailed georadar survey. Numerous anomalies indicated presence of underground objects. Compared with the results of excavations, they were interpreted as ancient remains in several levels. Then plans of these indications were compiled for separated levels. Hellenistic buildings remains were mapped, forming an older agora, smaller and slightly different by its shape from the Roman building plan. Besides it, uncovered parts of Roman ruins were detected, as well as some remains of Classic and Archaic settlement levels. Some traces of even older human presence were found under them. Georadar results will serve as a guideline for future excavations.     

Low-frequency variability in atmospheric middle latitudes

A short review of research trends in the study of low-frequency mid-latitude variations is presented. Theoretical developments have been concentrated upon with the major themes of multiple equilibria, flow stability and eddy-mean flow interaction reflecting the authors main interests. A new interpretation of the role of transient eddies in maintaining atmospheric blocking is also suggested in which eddy potential vorticity fluxes are considered to mediate a downstream transition between a zonal and a steady free Rossby wave flow. This treatment avoids emphasizing local balances and fluxes by the transients which are often entirely or partially reversible. The consequences of this interpretation are explored in the barotropic model of blocking first presented by Shutts (1983). This interpretation is used to suggest conditions in which the jetstream may be unlikely to undergo transition to a blocked weather regime.     

Low-frequency anisotropy in fractured and layered media

Computing effective medium properties is very important when upscaling data measured at small scale. In the presence of stratigraphic layering, seismic velocities and anisotropy parameters are scale and frequency dependent. For a porous layer permeated by aligned fractures, wave-induced fluid flow between pores and fractures can also cause significant dispersion in velocities and anisotropy parameters. In this study, we compare the dispersion of anisotropy parameters due to fracturing and layering at low frequencies. We consider a two-layer model consisting of an elastic shale layer and an anelastic sand layer. Using Chapman's theory, we introduce anisotropy parameters dispersion due to fractures (meso-scale) in the sand layer. This intrinsic dispersion is added to anisotropy parameters dispersion induced by layering (macro-scale) at low frequencies. We derive the series coefficients that control the behaviour of anisotropy parameters at low frequencies. We investigate the influences of fracture length and fracture density on fracturing effect, layering effect and combined effect versus frequency and volume fraction of sand layer. Numerical modelling results indicate that the frequency dependence due to layering is not always the dominant effect of the effective properties of the medium. The intrinsic dispersion is not negligible compared with the layering effect while evaluating the frequency-dependent properties of the layered medium.     

PET/CT新技术应用

PET/CT将PET与CT整合为一体化,是功能显像和解剖显像的有机结合。为了获取经济效益,PET/CT必须在不增加治疗费用的同时具有精确的诊断性,并对患者的治疗方案作出有效的指导。PET/CT由于采用了3D采集与单纯PET相比缩短了图像采集时间,从而使病人的要求得到更大程度的满足,同时也增加了病人的舒适程度,减少了由于采集过程中病人活动导致的出错机率。PET/CT在临床上主要应用于肿瘤学、心脏病学及神经精神医学等领域,在上述领域的中其诊断精确性优势是其他显像方法不可比拟的。在指导肿瘤治疗方面,PET/CT可以通过改善患者的治疗决策而具有重要的卫生经济学价值。