曲线桥梁摩擦滑移隔震性能分析及试验研究

为探讨曲线桥梁的隔震性能,应用摩擦滑移隔震理论,研究了摩擦滑移隔震橡胶支座在两种典型工作状态下支座的受力、变形和位移关系,建立了摩擦滑移本构关系,推导并分析了摩擦滑移支座的计算方法和耗能机理。结合振动台试验,分析了不同场地类型地震波、不同等级加速度荷载对不同刚度桥墩的破坏规律及隔震效果的影响。研究表明,桥墩裂缝开展主要以弯曲裂缝为主,桥墩刚度对裂缝开展部位影响较大;支座以剪切破坏为主;强震作用下,主梁加速度响应与地震波类型基本无关,而与支座和主梁间的摩擦系数有关;随着荷载等级的增大,摩擦滑移隔震支座的隔震效率提高。     

新型金属-摩擦阻尼器试验研究及数值分析

传统的屈曲约束支撑通常被设计为在大震作用中消耗能量,小震作用下为该结构提供了抗侧刚度。为了克服这一缺点,结合屈曲约束支撑和长圆孔摩擦阻尼器的工作原理,提出了一种基于屈曲约束支撑和长圆孔摩擦阻尼器串联的新型阻尼器,对该阻尼器进行了低周反复荷载试验,分析了其滞回性能、刚度退化等。试验结果表明：新型金属-摩擦阻尼器滞回曲线饱满,通过设置不同的螺栓预紧力可以使阻尼器达到分阶段能耗的目标。利用ABAQUS数值仿真软件对新型金属-摩擦阻尼器进行了数值分析准确性验证。并通过改变模拟试件屈服比例值,了解屈服比例变化对新型金属-摩擦阻尼器抗震性能的影响。结果表明：数值模拟滞回曲线与试验曲线基本一致;屈服比例的增加对阻尼器刚度退化、滑动承载力有明显影响。     

滑动长孔螺栓摩擦阻尼器力学性能试验研究

本文在已有摩擦阻尼器的基础上,设计可应用于装配式剪力墙竖向接缝的阻尼器。通过改变摩擦材料、高强螺栓预紧力等参数,对阻尼器工作性能参数（起滑力、起滑位移、等效初始刚度等）进行对比分析。研究结果表明,当摩擦材料为黄铜板、铝板及碳纤维板时,2个受力方向的起滑力相差不大,而当摩擦材料为橡胶板时,由于橡胶自身强度较低,2个受力方向的起滑力差异较大,工作性能相对较差;4种材料起滑位移及等效初始刚度在不同预紧力下按照一定规律变化,表现出较好的工作性能。在实际应用中,应设置碟形垫片以保证预紧力的稳定,使阻尼器工作性能良好。     

新型压电摩擦阻尼器的有限元分析及试验研究

利用压电陶瓷的压电效应,研发出一种基于半主动控制的新型压电摩擦阻尼器,介绍其构造和工作原理。建立新型压电摩擦阻尼器的ABAQUS有限元模型,得出阻尼器在不同工况下的滞回曲线,并进行其滞回性能试验,用试验值验证阻尼器有限元模型的相似性,两者得到的阻尼器摩擦力变化趋势相近;采用ANSYS建立安装有新型压电摩擦阻尼器的输变电塔模型,利用MATLAB计算输变电塔模型各层的加速度响应,验证新型压电摩擦阻尼器在实际结构中的摩擦耗能性能,为其工程应用提供理论依据。     

滑移隔震结构设置连接摩擦阻尼器的地震反应研究

针对罕遇地震作用下,滑移隔震结构滑移量过大控制力不足的问题,提出了带有连接部件,控制滑移隔震结构过大滑移量的被动控制装置-连接摩擦阻尼器。研究滑移隔震结构附加连接摩擦阻尼器时的地震反应情况,并通过实际算例分析表明:滑移隔震结构附加连接摩擦阻尼器能够在不削弱滑移隔震支撑对中小地震控制效果的基础上,有效地控制大震以及罕遇地震作用时,隔震层的最大滑移量和上部结构的响应加速度。验证了滑移隔震结构附加连接摩擦阻尼器的有效性和适用性。     

连接型摩擦阻尼器对基础隔震结构地震响应位移控制的试验研究

为了避免和减轻由过大的隔震层位移引起的损害,井上等人提出了一种控制隔震层位移的新型控制装置-连接摩擦阻尼器。介绍了阻尼器的构造和工作原理,通过对阻尼器进行单体试验和振动台试验,研究阻尼器的性能、控制效果以及对上部结构振动特性的影响。试验结果表明:连接型摩擦阻尼器具有完全弹塑形恢复力特性,对隔震层最大位移制控效果明显,同时也会略微放大上部使结构加速度。由于连接型摩擦阻尼器连接后隔震层刚度增加,使得上部结构的高频振动成分增加。但是,在连接型摩擦阻尼器连接的瞬间,并未出现加速度急剧增加的问题。     

新型自复位变摩擦阻尼器试验研究

目前阻尼器运用广泛,但传统摩擦阻尼器无法适应不同的振动强度,且在地震作用后损坏严重,没有自复位功能。文章利用形状记忆合金的超弹性,提出一种新型的自复位变摩擦阻尼器,介绍了阻尼器的构造、基本工作原理并推导了其力学模型,之后对阻尼器进行了力学试验。得到如下结论：该阻尼器不仅能在不同等级地震作用下满足耗能要求,还具有良好的自复位能力;力学试验得到的滞回曲线与理论推导的力学模型吻合较好,印证了力学模型的正确性;该阻尼器耗能能力随着合金丝直径、螺栓预紧力和坡面坡度的增大而增强;残余位移随着合金丝直径和坡面坡度增大而减小、随着预紧力增大而增大。     

SMA复合摩擦阻尼器性能的试验研究

利用形状记忆合金(SMA)的超弹性效应及高阻尼性能,结合传统Pall摩擦型阻尼器的特点,提出了一种SMA复合摩擦阻尼器。在建立阻尼器力学分析模型的基础上,对SMA复合摩擦阻尼器的性能进行了试验研究,分析了位移幅值、加载频率等对阻尼器的等效刚度、单位循环耗能和等效阻尼比的影响,并与理论分析结果进行了对比。研究表明,SMA复合摩擦阻尼器在加卸载循环下会形成比较稳定的滞回曲线,表明这种阻尼器具有良好的耗能能力。     

一种SMA复合摩擦阻尼器的设计与性能研究

利用形状记忆合金(SMA)的超弹性特性,将SMA丝与摩擦阻尼器复合,提出了一种SMA复合摩擦阻尼器,给出了SMA复合摩擦阻尼器的工作机理和设计方法,建立了其理论模型,确定了SMA复合摩擦阻尼器的力-位移滞回曲线,并对一SMA复合摩擦阻尼器控震单自由度体系在地震作用下的动力响应进行了数值模拟。结果表明,提出的SMA复合摩擦阻尼器具有优良的耗能减振性能。     

铅—橡胶阻尼器的试验研究

通过4种外径相同但铅芯直接不同的8个铅－橡胶阻尼器的低周往复水平荷载试验，研究影响铅－橡胶阻尼器性能的主要因素，得到了这种阻尼器的初始刚度，屈服刚度和等效阻尼比的变化规律。试验结果还表明，铅－橡胶阻尼器即使在很小的剪切变形下也具有较高的耗能能力。     

Predictive control of seismic structures with semi‐active friction dampers

In this paper a predictive control method especially suitable for the control of semi‐active friction dampers is proposed. By keeping the adjustable slip force of a semi‐active friction damper slightly lower than the critical friction force, the method allows the damper to remain in its slip state throughout an earthquake of arbitrary intensity, so the energy dissipation capacity of the damper can be improved. The proposed method is formulated in a discrete‐time domain and cast in the form of direct output feedback for easy control implementation. The control algorithm is able to produce a continuous and smooth slip force for a friction damper and thus avoid exerting the high‐frequency structural response that usually exists in structures with conventional friction dampers. Using a numerical study, the control performance of a multiple degrees of freedom (DOF) structural system equipped with passive friction dampers and semi‐active dampers controlled by the proposed method are compared. The numerical case shows that by merely using a single semi‐active friction damper and a few sensors, the proposed method is able to achieve better acceleration reduction than the case using multiple passive dampers. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Semi‐active piezoelectric friction damper

This research investigates the development of a semi‐active piezoelectric friction damper for controlling the seismic response of large‐scale structures. The proposed device is made of Duplex steel and leads to high friction capacity, which can be developed either in passive or semi‐active modes. For the later, piezoelectric actuators react against a stiff clamping system and apply a variable normal force on the multiple contact surfaces. To validate the design, a prototype, which contact surfaces were made of stainless steel and brake pad material, was built and tested in both friction modes. Moreover, an analytical model of the damper was developed to estimate the performance of the piezoelectric actuators within the clamping system. Experimental results showed that the proposed device achieves a force range factor of 1.9. These experimental results also compare well with those obtained from the analytical model of the damper. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种新型金属变摩擦耗能器的研发与应用

基于被动控制理论,提出一种新型的金属变摩擦耗能阻尼器。通过改变金属摩擦面的摩擦面积,使摩擦系数具有随位移改变而变化的特性。在金属摩擦学理论的基础上,建立了金属变摩擦耗能器的阻尼力计算模型与产品的开发。理论计算与实验数据表明：新型金属变摩擦耗能器的减震性能显著优于常规阻尼器,避免了传统阻尼装置（如油阻尼器）存在的造价高、维护复杂、易漏油的问题;克服了常规摩擦耗能器不能在不同大小荷载作用下保持同样控制效果的缺点,能做到抗震耗能器在不同荷载下保持很好的抗震效果,真正做到＂小震小位移少耗能,大震大位移多耗能＂的智能控制。     

Dynamic loading tests and seismic response analysis of a stud-type damper composed of multiple friction units with disc springs

This paper presents an experimental study on the performance of a shear-sliding stud-type damper composed of multiple friction units with high-tension bolts and disc springs. A numerical evaluation of the response reduction effects achieved by the stud-type damper is also presented. In dynamic loading tests, the behavior of stud-type multiunit friction damper specimens was investigated. Three different full-scale damper specimens, which were composed of five, six, or seven friction units with two or four sliding surfaces, were incorporated into loading devices for testing. The stud-type friction dampers demonstrated stable rigid-plastic hysteresis loops without any remarkable decrease in the sliding force even when subjected to repetitive loading, in addition to showing no unstable behavior such as lateral buckling. The damper produced a total sliding force approximately proportional to the number of sliding surfaces and friction units. The total sliding force of the stud-type damper can thus be estimated by summing the contributions of each friction unit. In an earthquake response simulation, the control effects achieved by stud-type dampers incorporated into an analytical high-rise building model under various input waves, including long-period, long-duration and pulse-like ground motions, were evaluated. A satisfactory response reduction was obtained by installing the developed stud-type dampers into the main frame without negatively impacting usability and convenience in terms of building planning.     

压电-T型变摩擦阻尼器及其性能试验与分析

本文结合压电驱动器和T型摩擦阻尼器的特点，提出了压电-T型变摩擦阻尼器，并建立了阻尼器输入电压主动调节或按位移和速度相关调节的阻尼力模型。其次，设计制作了最大阻尼力450N、阻尼力可调倍数2.5～3倍的小比例模型压电-T型变摩擦阻尼器，进行了可调阻尼力性能试验，得到了输入电压主动调节和分别按位移和速度相关调节的阻尼力滞回曲线，试验结果与阻尼力模型分析结果吻合较好。此外，探讨了压电-T型变摩擦阻尼器的规格化设计，分别设计了最大阻尼力20kN和200kN、阻尼力可调倍数2的压电-T型变摩擦阻尼器参数。压电-T型变摩擦阻尼器构造简单、阻尼力调节方便、响应迅速，是一种性能优燎能阻尼器.     

新型组合隔震支座设计与性能研究

在已有研究基础上,为提高摩擦型组合隔震支座变形能力、改进各摩擦组件位移协调性,建立实体化和参数化计算模型,对新型三段两级摩擦组合隔震支座进行构造及内力分析研究,使用ABAQUS软件对摩擦阻尼器和组合隔震支座进行实体有限元模拟。针对设置常规隔震支座和新型组合隔震支座的某隔震结构案例进行建模及非线性时程地震响应分析,推导组合隔震支座出力和构造参数的关系。研究结果表明,文章所采用的摩擦阻尼器参数化建模方法是准确的,新型组合支座可明显降低支座拉应力,减小隔震层位移,提高结构抗倾覆能力。文章提出的针对摩擦阻尼器的简化单元可大幅提高有限元模型的计算效率。     

MODULATED HOMOGENEOUS FRICTION: A SEMI-ACTIVE DAMPING STRATEGY

A control strategy for semi-active friction devices leading to efficient hysteretic dissipaters is proposed. The control algorithm makes the contact force between the sliding surfaces of the damper proportional to the absolute value of the prior local peak of the damper deformation. This control logic leads to a non-linear force–deformation relation that satisfies homogeneity of degree one; this means that, like in a linear viscoelastic damping model, when the deformation is scaled by a constant, the force results are scaled by the same constant. The closed-loop system shows rectangular hysteresis loops which enclose an area proportional to the square of the deformation of the damper. Some characteristics of the dynamic response of structures incorporating this type of semi-active damper are investigated. It is demonstrated that in the case of single-degree-of-freedom models, the period of vibration and decay ratio are independent of the amplitude of vibration. In the case of multi-degree-of-freedom models with this type of nonlinearity, the free-vibration response can exhibit natural modes of vibration. A linearization method is proposed and modelling tools for the delay associated with actuator dynamics and for the flexibility of the brace connecting the damper to the structure are presented. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.