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结合水动力学原理在尼尔基水利枢纽·右岸副坝下游浸没研究中的应用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
应用结合水动力学原理,采用野外调查和室内试验研究相结合、宏观 观研究和粘土微观研究相结合的方法,对粘土层的渗流特征进行了专门研究,确定粘土起始比降I0值,以确定测压水位与粘土不带水位、毛细力与毛管水上升高度之间的关系。在三维渗流电网络计算的基础上,进一步进行了粘土层内含水带的埋深计算,并重新选定毛管水上升高度值和浸没临界深度。研究结果表明,副坝下游浸没范围和程度大大减轻,只要进行适当的工程处理,下游浸没影响当可消除,建筑物安全也是有保证的。 相似文献
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以房县深峪沟病险水库黏土心墙坝为研究对象,对其渗流稳定和坝坡稳定性进行评估,目的是为加固设计提供参考。设计了校核洪水位、设计洪水位、正常蓄水位的稳定渗流计算,校核洪水位降到正常蓄水位、正常蓄水位降到死水位的非稳定流计算工况,其中正常蓄水位降到死水位的工况又设计了5种降速计算方案,利用自动搜索滑动面的Morgenstern-Price法计算了不同工况下的坝坡稳定性,分析发现:校核洪水位稳定渗流背水坡安全系数k<1.15,不满足工程稳定性要求;设计洪水位和正常蓄水位工况,安全系数k<1.25,不满足工程稳定性要求。校核洪水位到正常蓄水位的迎水坡满足k≥1.15的要求,背水坡不满足k≥1.15的要求;正常蓄水位到死水位迎水坡在设计的5种降速下均存在时间步不满足k≥1.25的要求,所以该水库属于病险库,需要加固处理 相似文献
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哈尔滨市松北区大顶子山航电枢纽工程蓄水后,哈尔滨段的江水位将常年保持在116m,比枯水期水位高出6m多。届时势必要引起松北区地下水水位的壅高,导致发生区内浸没问题。利用GMS(地下水流模拟系统)软件中SOLID模块,采用钻孔间插值法建立松北区含水系统三维立体模型,进行地下水壅高计算,给出地下水位临界深度,确定研究区内浸没范围;进行浸没评价,提出浸没危害治理工程措施。 相似文献
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通过对湖北水江坪河水电站河湾地块寒武系下统龙王庙组上段(∈21l)单斜岩溶含水系统的水动力、温度、水量均衡以及岩溶发育特征分析,提出在单斜岩层中存在2层岩溶结构和2层岩溶水系统,上层岩溶水系统的水位高于正常蓄水位(475m),而深层岩溶水系统的水位低于正常蓄水位(475m)。在建库条件下,库水可通过深层岩溶水系统向河湾下游径流排泄,即河湾地块存在岩溶渗漏问题。该结论已得到深孔勘探以及钻孔彩色录像初步查证。 相似文献
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在黏土层饱水带表达式进一步完善的基础上,以长江中下游某研究区线性排列的5个钻孔数据为例,对湖区蓄水后剖面地下水位雍高值分别用卡明斯基法(KM)和结合水动力学法(BDM)进行了计算,结合毛细上升高度和基础埋深圈划出浸没影响范围,对比了2种方法在二元阶地浸没评价中的差异性。研究结果表明:具有二元结构的细粒土层,且上下两岩层渗透系数相差达到104数量级时,二元结构的含水层水动力条件发生变化,地下水流动由潜水二维流转变为承压一维流,此时二元结构的下层更接近承压含水层的性质;渗透系数相差在100~104数量级以内,随着K1/K2不断减小,地下水位雍高值均减小,但是其影响长度却增加;上层含水岩层采用结合水动力学法(BDM)计算出的水位雍高值(平均值0.7m)明显小于卡明斯基法(KM)的计算值(平均值5.5m),圈划出的浸没面积是卡明斯基法(KM)圈划面积的91%,二元结构阶地浸没评价采用结合水动力学法(BDM)计算的雍高水位值更合理。 相似文献
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青藏高原西缘壳幔电性结构与断裂构造: 札达-泉水湖剖面大地电磁探测提供的依据 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
青藏高原西缘札达至泉水湖剖面大地电磁探测结果表明, 研究区被雅江缝合带、班公-怒江缝合带划分为3个构造区域, 由南至北分别为喜玛拉雅地体、冈底斯地体和羌塘地体.研究区内普遍存在中下地壳高导层, 高导层的顶面埋深起伏较大, 冈底斯内的高导层埋深大, 羌塘和喜玛拉雅地体内的高导层埋深较浅.在班公-怒江缝合带南侧高导层埋深最大, 班公-怒江缝合带南北两侧高导层埋深存在一个约20km的错动.冈底斯地体内的地壳高导层呈北倾形态, 南羌塘的地壳具有双高导层.沿剖面的上地壳存在多组规模不等、产状不同的电性梯度带或畸变带, 反映了沿剖面地区的缝合带与断裂带分布情况.根据电性结构特征, 推断了雅江缝合带、班公-怒江缝合带以及龙木措、噶尔藏布等主要断裂的构造特征与空间分布. 相似文献
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根据长春市多年降水量、蒸发量和开采量,对长春市各研究井的多年水位埋深动态资料进行分析,定性分析其动态成因类型。利用多元线性回归分析的方法,定量验证其动态成因类型的划分,证实了该研究井所代表的台地冲洪积黄土状亚粘土孔隙水的主要补给来源为大气降水、主要排泄方式为人为开采,其地下水动态类型为降水入渗——开采型。能够预测求解长春市设计开采量对应的地下水埋深状况。 相似文献
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为了评价窄条带保水采煤技术在陕北煤炭开采区的应用效果,对榆神矿区的榆卜界煤矿和薛庙滩煤矿地质结构进行分析,采用数值模拟和物理模拟确定了采12留8条带开采方法,在榆卜界煤矿建立了煤柱应力、位移监测,以及条带工作面松动圈监测系统,在榆卜界煤矿和薛庙滩煤矿分别布设了水位观测孔。通过煤炭开采前后导水裂隙带发育高度与隔水岩组厚度比较分析,运用采空区潜水水位埋深探测等方法,系统了解煤炭开采前、开采后潜水位埋深变化特征。研究表明,采煤工作面导水裂隙带发育高度未穿过隔水层,煤柱较稳定,潜水水位埋深最大下降幅度为1.25m,地表植被良好,说明窄条带采煤方法有效地保证了岩层和煤柱的稳定性,维持了生态水位的合理埋深,实现了保水采煤。 相似文献
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X. L. Sun X. G. Zhang J. L. Lin Z. X. Zhao D. W. Huang 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(8):1163-1174
AbstractThe characteristics and distribution of clay minerals and their effects on reservoir quality in the Huagang sandstones in the Xihu Sag, East China Sea Basin were studied by using X-ray diffraction, casting thin-sections, scanning electron microscopy, electron microprobe analysis, fluid inclusion analysis, constant-rate mercury injection and nuclear magnetic resonance. Clay minerals consist of kaolinite, chlorite, illite and illite–smectite mixed layer (I/S); kaolinite forms from dissolved feldspars, chlorite occurs as clay coatings that are transformed from clay precursors owing to the flocculation of suspended detrital clays or the crystallisation of pore fluids, and illite forms from the illitisation of detrital smectite, authigenic kaolinite and K-feldspars. Clay distribution is controlled by sedimentary environments, burial history and lithologies. Typical reservoirs in the western sub-sag are thin and developed in braided river facies at relatively shallow burial depths with clays dominated by kaolinite. However, typical reservoirs in the central inversion tectonic zone are thicker and developed in a braided delta front facies at deeper burial depths with clays mainly consisting of chlorite, illite and I/S. High-quality reservoirs are characterised by coarse granularity, high quartz content and low clay content with widespread development of chlorite coatings that inhibit quartz cements at low temperatures. At higher temperatures, the high-quality reservoirs develop more pores providing growth space for quartz cements and result in the coexistence of chlorite coatings and quartz cements. The high-quality reservoirs are controlled by their lithological characteristics rather than chlorite coatings. Illite and I/S clays create severe damage to reservoirs by reducing the size and connectivity of pore-throats. 相似文献
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天池口滑坡是清江隔河岩库区一大型松散堆积物滑坡。自1993年4月隔河岩水库蓄水以来,滑坡体开始发生变形,特别是库岸滑体前缘变形日趋明显。根据野外现场调研和室内试验、工程勘察资料,探讨了天池口滑坡的变形机制,并运用极限平衡理论分析了滑坡在蓄水和降水时的稳定性。研究结果表明,天池口滑坡基本上属二元结构,滑坡体的变形是由于水库蓄水和库水位骤涨骤降引起的,在目前正常蓄水条件下,滑坡体基本处于稳定状态。 相似文献
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GU Jiayu ZHANG Xingyang FANG HuiResearch Institute of Petroleum Exploration Development of PetroChin Beijing 《《地质学报》英文版》2002,76(4):494-502
The genetic analysis of the deep-buried reservoirs of the Lower Paleozoic carbonate rocks in the Tarim basin is a difficult task involving many factors. Firstly, the object of study is carbonate rocks, which have undergone a long term of modification. Secondly, the rocks are deeply buried with depths of 3800-7000 m in the Tarim basin. The primary reservoir properties formed in the deposition have been strongly modified during the deep burial process. Concurrently, the different burial depths in different areas result in diversities of burial temperature, pressure, underground water, hydrochemistry and various physicochemical changes, which further lead to differences in the diagenetic type, diagenetic property, diagenetic degree and their impacts on the reservoir properties. The Lower Paleozoic Cambrian and Ordovician carbonate reservoirs in the Tarim basin can be grouped into four types, i.e., paleo-weathered-crust reservoirs, reef reservoirs, buried karst reservoirs and dolomite reservoirs. This paper 相似文献
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沾化凹陷垦西地区新近系馆陶组沉积微相研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
油田开发阶段的精细油藏描述,要进行小层沉积微相的研究,阐明小层单元沉积微相特征,为相关开发研究奠定必要的沉积学基础.以传统沉积学和高精度层序地层学理论为指导,通过岩心观察和测井相分析,进而应用油藏描述技术中的沉积微相分析方法,从标准井测井沉积微相分析到全区多井对比,对垦西油田K71断块区新近系馆陶组储层的沉积微相类型及特征进行了详细研究.研究认为,馆陶组的主要沉积微相类型有滞留沉积、砂坝沉积、曲流砂坝沉积、天然堤沉积、决口扇沉积、越岸沉积及泛滥平原湖泊沉积.储层以河道充填沉积、河道边缘沉积、泛滥平原沉积为主,分布较分散.这些沉积微相特征对储层物性的预测都具有重要意义. 相似文献
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R. K. Majumdar S. Kar D. Talukdar T. Duttagupta 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2014,83(1):21-30
Integrated geoelectric and geochemical investigation were carried out in the Canning and adjoining areas to assess the prevailing groundwater conditions and chemical quality of groundwater. Geologically, the area is constituted of alluvial sediments of Quaternary age. Vertical electrical soundings (VES) in the area of investigation mostly show six layers consisting of top soil, saline water, clay layer, brackish water, clay layer and fresh-water bearing zone of appreciable thicknesses at depths of 137 to 182 meter at six locations and from 370 to 430 meter for other two locations under confined conditions. The result of VES studies significantly correspond with the borehole litholog and well log data. A litho-resistivity relationship is established for this area of investigation A Fence diagram is constructed to show the spatial variation of the sub-surface lithology and hydrological characteristics. Chemically the ground water is fresh and mixed cation and anion type as revealed from Piper-Trilinear diagram with TDS ranging from 699 to 1547 mg/l. The geochemical parameters like Total hardness (TH), Sodium absorption ratio (SAR), Soluble sodium percentage (SSP), Percentage of sodium (PS), Kelley’s ratio (KR), Residual sodium carbonate (RSC), Corrosivity ratio (CR), Gibbs ratios (GR), Chloro alkaline indices (CAI), Sea water contamination (SWC) are also calculated for examining the quality of groundwater in the area. The depth of occurrences of freshwater bearing ground water zones for drinking and irrigation purposes are occurring at depths from 137 meter to 430 meter in this area. 相似文献
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Analysis of evaporation of high-salinity phreatic water at a burial depth of 0 m in an arid area
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High-salinity phreatic water refers to which with total dissolved solids(TDS)30 g/L. Previous studies have shown that high salinity phreatic water evaporation is different at different depths. High salinity phreatic water evaporation under 0 m depth is the basis of the high salinity phreatic water evaporation studies. In this study, evaporation of high-salinity phreatic water at a burial depth of 0 m in arid area was investigated. New insights were gained on evaporation mechanisms via experiments conducted on high-salinity phreatic water with TDS of 100 g/L at 0 m at the study site at Changji Groundwater Balance Experiment Site, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in China, where the lithology of the vadose(unsaturated zone) was silty clay. Comparison was made on the data of high-salinity phreatic water evaporation, water surface evaporation(E_(Φ20)) and meteorological data obtained in two complete hydrological years from April 1, 2012 to March 31, 2014. The experiments demonstrated that when the lithology of the vadose zone is silty clay, the burial depth is 0 m and the TDS is 100 g/L, intra-annual variation of phreatic water evaporation is the opposite to the variation of atmospheric evaporation E_(Φ20) and air temperature. The salt crust formed by the evaporation of high-salinity phreatic water has a strong inhibitory effect on phreatic water evaporation. Large volumes of precipitation can reduce such an inhibitory effect. During freezing periods, surface snow cover can promote the evaporation of high-salinity phreatic water at 0 m; the thicker the snow cover, the more apparent this effect is. 相似文献
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东营凹陷永北地区T1不整合面之下风化壳发育带的的预测是地层油藏勘探的重点与难点。综合利用高精度三维地震解释、岩心观察、薄片鉴定、测录井分析及物性分析等方法,结合构造发育史、埋藏史等研究成果,对东营凹陷永北地区T1不整合面下沙三上亚段地层中特殊的地震反射特征进行研究,并对其地质意义进行了探讨。研究表明:T1不整合面下发育典型埋藏风化壳,包括风化粘土层和半风化淋滤带2层结构;在大气淡水风化、淋滤作用下,半风化淋滤带内部地震同相轴消失,表现为空白反射特征;半风化淋滤带物性得到改善,与未风化岩石之间形成一个物性差异界面,表现为不连续的角度不整合面;未受明显风化、淋滤作用的地层,则表现为典型的角度不整合;地震反射特征的演化过程可划分4个阶段:沙三上沉积后阶段、沙三上抬升后阶段、风化壳形成早期阶段、风化壳形成阶段。地震空白反射带的发育范围是风化壳发育带的保守范围或最小范围,向湖盆方向逐渐过渡为正常地层。风化壳的发育大大改善了原岩的储集性能,可作为良好的油气储集空间和运移通道,是下步地层油气藏勘探的重点目标。 相似文献
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陆相页岩油储集层孔隙结构特征及储集能力受泥页岩在埋藏过程中经历的复杂成岩改造影响,纵向上表现出显著的差异性,但相关研究仍不够深入。以渤海湾盆地东营凹陷古近系沙河街组沙四上亚段典型陆相富有机质泥页岩为研究对象,基于岩心观察描述、岩石薄片鉴定、扫描电镜等多尺度观察手段,结合X射线衍射分析、同位素地球化学分析、物性分析及能谱分析等测试资料,开展泥页岩成岩作用特征及其控储差异研究。研究结果表明: (1)研究区可识别出7种成岩作用类型,其中,建设性成岩作用以方解石重结晶、黏土矿物转化及白云石化作用为主; 沙四上亚段整体处于中成岩A阶段。(2)方解石重结晶、黏土矿物转化及白云石化作用在垂向上表现出显著的差异性演化特征,重结晶成因的亮晶方解石主要发育于纯上3小层与纯上2小层,黏土矿物转化所形成的晶间中—高孔区主要发育于纯上2小层; 研究区主要发育2种类型的白云石,其中,泥晶白云石主要发育于纯上3小层,微晶铁白云石主要发育于纯上1、2小层。(3)方解石重结晶和黏土矿物转化的协同使得纯上2小层产生了大量微孔,同时适量的铁白云石可作为骨架矿物支撑孔隙,有利于中深层孔隙的保存,是该小层成为优质储集层的关键。 相似文献
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塔里木盆地碳酸盐岩层序地层特征及其控油作用 总被引:8,自引:7,他引:8
寒武纪-奥陶纪塔里木盆地经历了4种不同类型的碳酸盐岩台地结构型式的演变。不同台地区带的碳酸盐岩层序结构特征显著不同,柯坪地区寒武系-奥陶系为一套碳酸盐岩为主的地层,发育7种不同特征的碳酸盐岩层序构型。库鲁克塔格地区层序总体表现为半深海-深海盆地相背景下的海底扇沉积。相带和层序界面对储层发育具有重要影响,不同级别的层序界面对其下碳酸盐岩储层的发育具有重要的控制作用,并对埋藏条件下的流体具有输导作用。流体对埋藏岩溶型储层的形成具有重要的改造作用,风化壳岩溶型储层受风化淋滤带和层序界面的控制,白云岩储层和礁滩型储层主要受沉积相和成岩相控制。 相似文献