Invigorating hydrological research through journal publications

Editors of several journals in the field of hydrology met during the General Assembly of the European Geosciences Union—EGU in Vienna in April 2017. This event was a follow-up of similar meetings held in 2013 and 2015. These meetings enable the group of editors to review the current status of the journals and the publication process, and to share thoughts on future strategies. Journals were represented at the 2017 meeting by their editors, as shown in the list of authors. The main points on invigorating hydrological research through journal publications are communicated in this joint editorial published in the above journals.     

1994～2002年地震研究文献计量分析

通过检索重庆维普资讯“中文科技期刊全文数据库”的论文题录, 对1994～2002 年我国主要地震专业期刊公开发表的地震文献量及其变化进行了计量分析。 结果表明, 地震中文期刊文献总体上表现为学科相对集中, 近年主要中文地震科学类期刊的文献总量随时间相对下降, 研究的学科范围有所扩大; 理论地震研究和工程地震等应用研究的加强表明了我国地震观测技术实力和为社会服务能力的增长。 对中国地震局分析预报中心近年文献量的分析, 支持地震学文献总体学科分布高度集中的特点, 同时也表明了学科面需要扩大, 以适应我国防震减灾工作不断发展的需要。 初步分析结果对开展地震学科文献服务具有一定的参考意义。     

《矿山地震学研究与进展专辑》索引

《矿山地震学研究与进展专辑》是由地震部门和煤炭部门专家共同编辑的一本介绍微震学在矿山应用方面的文集。该文集收录了８个国家利用地震学研究矿山震动和冲击地压（岩爆或矿山冲击）的多项成果；比较广泛地介绍了国外在矿山地震及其安全防治方面的研究进展及国内的研究动向。但因经费原因，该文集未能公开出版。为了更好地发挥这些研究成果的借鉴作用，特编辑了这本《索引》，供采矿专业与地震界的科研人员查阅。本专辑作为《矿山地震学研究与进展专辑》的文献索引，共收录了国内外论文５８篇，其中，提供了国外３８篇论文文献的题目、作者、摘要、代码、目录、图题、表题、出处、原题和译（校、审）者等１０个条目；国内文献系最近一二年和即将发表的研究成果。该索引还收录了３篇对矿山地震学的学科发展颇有见解的“序”。     

青年地震工作者在2008年汶川8.0级地震后科技支撑工作中的作用——对青年科技人员教育和培训的评估和讨论

2008年5月12日汶川8.0级地震发生后,地震科技工作者立即投入到震后应急救援、现场余震监测、灾害评估、地震机理研究、震情趋势判定和现场科学考察中。其中,中国地震局地球物理研究所青年专家在地震精定位、震源机制及数字化地震参数计算、震源破裂过程、地震灾区区划图编制、余震破坏影响范围确定、地震社会学分析与应用等方面发挥了重要作用。截止到2008年12月,研究所40岁以下科技人员在各种科研刊物上发表了SCI、EI文章就有10余篇,参加现场工作人员41人次。青年科技人员能够迅速投入到震后科技支撑工作中,得益于研究所平时对青年科技人员教育和培训工作的重视,本文对此进行了评估和讨论。     

Nicholas Rast: A geologist who straddled the Atlantic but never an issue

Nicholas Rast died in Lexington, Kentucky on 28 August 2001, five months after his retirement as the first holder of the Hudnall Chair of Geology, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Kentucky. Born in Teheran in 1927, his early education was in Iran; his university education from 1948 was at University College London and University of Glasgow. His brilliant career as a university professor and award-winning researcher began in Aberystwyth, University of Wales, University of Liverpool, and continued in North America at the University of New Brunswick, Canada, and at the University of Kentucky, USA. Rast's published research consists of over 100 books and papers as well as abstracts in scientific journals. The abstracts represent topics which Nick Rast and his collaborators presented to participants at scientific meetings, symposia, and conferences; he was never one to let a good idea lie fallow, and I think it is accurate to say that every abstract evolved into a published paper. Wherever Nick worked he became deeply involved in influential activities of the geological societies of the country and in so doing left his imprint on the policies of these societies in England, Wales, Scotland, Ireland, Mexico, Canada and the United States. The organization of this retrospective deals generally with the chronology of Nick Rast's life and career. It includes a selection from among his most significant peer-cited reviewed publications, all of which are listed at the end of this chapter. From this list I have attempted to highlight some of the most important ideas contained in these publications. In addition I have interspersed a few colorful reminiscences by Nick's many friends, colleagues, and former students. These recalls were part of my “Rastfest” retirement banquet illustrated lecture which is now available on the Kentucky departmental website.     

消息、动态与进展

在《地震科学进展》创刊50周年之际,采用CiteSpace科学文献计量方法,对1979—2020年《国际地震动态》正刊所出版的7151篇文献进行作者合作网络分析和关键词共现分析,以期系统性探索过去不同时期《国际地震动态》出版文献的主题脉络、知识演进、历史热点和作者群发展。《国际地震动态》历年载文所体现的主题脉络的持续变化、知识演进的不断前推、历史热点的交换更替,充分体现出地震学的过去、现在与未来。在介绍科学交流和期刊出版模式演进的基础上,针对地震期刊 “多、散、弱” 的现状,提出整合地震局的科学资源,推进增强型期刊出版,吸引高水平文章在地震期刊首发的解困建议。      

延怀盆地现代构造应力场模拟与官厅水库大坝地震安全性初探

官厅水库所在的延怀盆地有多条活动断层分布 ,新构造运动强烈。官厅水库大坝安全与否事关首都安全。为此 ,文中采用有限元方法结合断层位移资料 ,模拟了延怀盆地的现代构造应力场 ;参照模拟的结果 ,结合前人的研究成果 ,对设定地震的烈度进行了拟合 ,讨论了设定地震对大坝的影响。对官厅水库大坝的地震安全性进行了评价。结果表明 :1)延怀盆地最大主压应力方向为N80°～ 85°E ;2 )可能的发震断层为方家冲 -营门矿段断层 ;3)考虑大坝坝址的工程地质条件、发震断层与大坝的空间位置关系、历史大地震对大坝的影响等因素 ,则大坝的地震危险性将有所提高     

浅议科技工作者发表论文立足国内中文期刊的长远价值和实施措施

对科技工作者发表论文立足国内中文期刊的价值做了较深入的分析,并提出实现这一目标相应的政策措施。     

云南地震学术论文的载文计量分析

1991—2007年云南地震期刊学术论文的文献计量结果:平均每年产出60篇,且逐年分布呈上升趋势;论文基本参数是中等水平;基金论文比为54.48%;论文刊载于68种中文科技期刊,总频次大于30次的高频期刊有7个;优势分支学科分布的前8名都是地震学的分支学科;频次大于20次的高频关键词有13个,其频次之和占关键词总数的18.96%。结果表明,经过地震科技工作者40余年的努力工作,云南地震科技有了长足的进步,同时也存在不少需要提高的地方。     

Mining,Environmental, Petroleum,and Engineering Industry Applications of Electromagnetic Techniques in Geophysics

Electromagnetic (EM) techniques are extremely important as a direct detection geophysical tool utilized in the base metal industry. They were developed in countries such as Canada, whose thin conductive weathering overburden did not hamper the penetration of EM signals and enabled exploration to depths on the order of 300 m. As a result, EM techniques were used widely in North America and Scandinavia for many years before they became common in countries with a thick conductive overburden, such as Australia. The 1980s and 1990s have seen the use of EM methods move from anomaly finding to mapping, as well as the development of better, faster and more accurate computer modelling algorithms. A review of EM papers, for the years 1998 to 2002, showed that most dealt with EM techniques as mapping tools. Airborne, ground and marine EM techniques are still being developed, as are data processing and interpretation software. The advent of robust 2-D and 3-D computer modelling and inversion algorithms has led to the acceptance of EM methods as a mapping tool for many environmental and petroleum industry applications, a trend which is expected to increase.     

Electromagnetic Induction Methods in Mining Geophysics from 2008 to 2012

In the period from 2008 to 2012, the topic of electromagnetic (EM) induction methods applied to mineral exploration has been the subject of more than 50 papers in journals and more than 300 extended abstracts presented at conferences (about 100 of which contain developments worthy of mentioning). Most of the work at the universities has been on modelling, inversion and data processing, and most of this material is published in the refereed literature. However, academia has also undertaken work on system geometry changes, system calibration and sensor design. There have been papers describing new systems developed for mineral exploration and case histories describing the use of EM methods to directly discover mineral deposits or to map the geology. Most of this work is by the service companies and mining companies and reported in the unrefereed literature. Since 2008, the pace of development of helicopter time-domain systems has slowed and more effort has been directed to developing natural source magnetic systems and to modelling and inverting this data. A number of studies comparing the results from natural source methods with the results from artificial source methods conclude that the natural source methods can see large-scale geological structures usually when there is a weak conductivity contrast with the surrounding material, but the natural source methods are unable to see small features that have a very large conductivity contrast with the country rock. Hence, they are not a good detector of mineral deposits unless one is looking for a large porphyry system.     

Review of Chinese atmospheric science research over the past 70 years: Climate and climate change

Climate and climate change have always been a research focus of atmospheric sciences. This paper summaries research efforts, achievements and international contributions of the Chinese scientific community on climate and climate change over the past 70 years. The review is based on papers published officially in national or international scientific journals,and is organized to cover six aspects:(1) general climate studies;(2) impact of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau;(3) impact of the East Asian monsoon;(4) influences of teleconnection oscillation and westerlies;(5) climate dynamics and development of climate models; and(6) climate change. It is, however, to be noted that the present review can not be considered as an exhaustive one, since there is a huge body of literature in the field.     

Planetary dune analogues: a special issue on integrating models,remote sensing and field data

This article reports on the Special Issue of Earth Surface Processes and Landforms dedicated to planetary dune analogues and the advances that have been made through the integration of remote sensing and terrestrial field data to better model and understand aeolian systems. The 11 articles presented demonstrate a spectrum of analytical techniques that are employed to investigate ripples, dunes, draa and ergs across a variety of spatial and temporal scales. Nine of the papers involve innovative research about aeolian bedforms and processes, while the final two papers are examples of how vast quantities of data may be organized and scrutinized using a GIScience approach. Based on these 11 papers and the many abstracts archived in a series of three planetary dunes workshops at the Lunar Planetary Institute ( http://www.lpi.usra.edu/publications/abstracts.shtml ; LPI Contributions 1403, 1552, and 1673) it is evident that there exists diverse and complementary approaches to the comparative study of landforms and processes for terrestrial and extra‐terrestrial aeolian landscapes that is driven by a vibrant international community of scientists and educators that engage in the cross‐fertilization of ideas. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

唐山地震的地学研究文献目录及分析

收集整理了国内外地球科学期刊上发表的有关1976年唐山7.8级大地震的学术论文目录,并对此参考文献集进行了分类和简单分析,进而展示唐山大地震发生30年来相关学术研究的进展情况,也谨以此文纪念这一历史性地震事件。     

EM Monitoring of Crustal Processes Including the Use of the Network-MT Observations

There are several kinds of coupling mechanisms which can convert mechanical, chemical or thermal energies due to seismic or volcanic activities into electromagnetic energies. As a result of concentrated efforts in laboratory and theoretical research, the basic relationship between the intensity of electromagnetic sources and changes in mechanical, chemical and thermal state is becoming established. Also with the progress of the electromagnetic simulation techniques, it has been possible to evaluate in situ sensitivity. Based on this progress and also due to extensive improvement in measuring techniques, many field experiments have been performed to elucidate subsurface geophysical processes underlying the preparation stage, onset, and subsequent healing stage of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. In volcanic studies, many studies have reported the measurement of electromagnetic signals which were successfully interpreted in terms of various driving mechanisms. Although there have been numerous reports about the existence of precursory electromagnetic signals in seismic studies, only a few of them could be successfully explained by the proposed mechanisms, whereas coseismic phenomena are often consistent with those mechanisms including the absence of detectable signals. In many cases, one or two orders of higher sensitivity were required, especially for precursory signals. Generally, electromagnetic methods are more sensitive to near-surface phenomena. It will be necessary to discriminate electromagnetic signals due to these near-surface sources, which often possess no relationship with the crustal activities. Further efforts to enhance in situ sensitivity through improvements in observation techniques and in data processing techniques are recommended. At the same time, multi-disciplinary confirmation against the validity of electromagnetic phenomena will inevitably be necessary. A Network-MT observation technique has been developed to determine large-scale deep electrical conductivity structure. In the method, a telephone line network or purpose-built long baseline cables are utilized to measure voltage differences with long electrode separations. Because of the averaging effect of the electric fields, static shift problems due to small-scale, near-surface lateral heterogeneities can be alleviated. Several field experiments revealed regional scale deep electrical conductivity structures related to slab subduction or its stagnation, which enable us to elucidate underlying physical processes caused by the slab motion. The technique can also be applied to monitor the electric potential field related to crustal activities. The annual variation of the potential field and electrical conductivity in the French Alps were interpreted to be caused by the annual variation of lake water level. The method was also used to monitor the regional scale spatio-temporal variation of the SP field and electrical conductivity before and at the onset of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.     

Introduction

This is the second topical volume on “Recent Advances in Nuclear Explosion Monitoring” that started with Pure and Applied Geophysics Topical Volume 167 (2010), and again reports on the most recent advances in science and technology that have been achieved to monitor compliance with the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). This progress in the development and testing of new sensor technologies and analysis methodologies in all relevant scientific disciplines improves the capabilities in detection, location and characterization of CTBT-relevant events. In particular, the latter poses a challenge for smaller events, where natural or manmade but CTBT-irrelevant sources can generate false-positive events. The efficient discrimination of these events pursued at a minimum risk of missing a nuclear explosion is the overall challenge. The 29 papers of this volume can be structured into 16 waveform studies, eight in the field of radionuclide monitoring and related atmospheric backtracking, and five papers related to on-site inspection or overhead detection of relevant events, with many of these originally presented at a special session on “Research and Development in Nuclear Explosion Monitoring” at the most recent annual General Assemblies of the European Geosciences Union.     

Analysis of geomorphology citations in the last quarter of the 20th century

Three hundred and twenty‐eight geomorphology articles published in the last quarter of the 20th century were cited 20 or more times in Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) indices, as of 15 May 2001. At the close of the 20th century, well‐cited geomorphology is highly multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary with the most dominant fields being in biological, civil engineering, earth science, geography, geological, and soils disciplines. The very strong English‐language bias of well‐cited journal articles creates a geographical bias in study site selection, which may in turn bias geomorphic theory. Water‐based research (fluvial processes and landforms, riparian, drainage basin) dominates well‐cited papers, with the ‘hottest’ subfield in the 1990s being riparian research with a biological emphasis. Over 90 journals publish well‐cited papers, but Earth Surface Processes and Landforms hosts the largest number of well‐cited papers. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于SCI数据库的中国地震科学研究现状分析

利用科学引文索引（SCI）及其他相关数据库,从代表中国地震科学研究总体水平的地震系统学术论文的产出数量、学科分布、来源出版物、出版语言类型、论文引用情况及国际合作等,对地震系统1979年以来发表SCI论文的状况进行分析研究。从SCI论文发表数量和时间分布上来看,国内地震科学研究呈现出逐年活跃的发展态势,大地震的发生对地震科学的研究也有明显的促进作用。近年来,SCI论文数量在全球相关领域的排名比较靠前。从SCI论文特点分析及被引用情况来看,学术论文的质量与世界科技发达国家相比还存在较大差距。这说明中国地震科学研究在国际上的地位还有待提高,其研究成果被国际同行的认可和关注度也需要进一步提升。     

16种地震科学期刊载文被引统计分析

依据《中国学术期刊文献评价统计分析系统》（V 1.0）,统计分析了2003~2007年16种地震科学期刊的总被引频次、影响因子、被引半衰期、即年指标、Web即年下载率等被引指标和较高频次被引论文。同时对期刊的现状进行了初步讨论,并提出了一些建议,以期为办刊提供一定的参考。