LOCAL LABOR MARKETS: THEORIES AND POLICIES IN THE U.S. DURING THE 1970s∗

Local labor market policies of the federal government are critically evaluated with respect to their target efficiency and underlying theoretical assumptions. Policies of the Economic Development Administration are considered to be target inefficient compared to those of the Comprehensive Employment Training Act. Experimental mobility policies of the Department of Labor appear to be have questionable impact locally as opposed to nationally. Some local hybrid programs offer improved place and people targeting.     

中外区域政策对比研究

区域干预包括区域分工与协作受阻和区域差异扩大两个方面.发达国家主要面临的是空间差异扩大的区域均衡问题,其区域政策都是在经济发展达到一定的水平[人均GDP达500多美元(二、三年代当年价)]时制定和实施的,中央财政用于区域均衡政策的经费一般占到10-30%.我国区域政策面临区域发展和区域均衡双重任务.“九五”及到2010年期间,我国区域政策的总原则应该是效率优先、兼顾均衡.主要措施是加快空间一体化市场的建设,做到产业政策与区域政策相结合,适当加大扶贫工作的力度.     

CITIZENSHIP,PARTNERSHIP AND THE POPULAR RESTRUCTURING OF U.K. URBAN SPACE

For over a decade the New Right philosophy of Thatcherism has directed the political, economic, and social development of the United Kingdom. The pursuit of market-dominated urban policies has marginalized large sections of the population who have remained untouched by the benefits of national economic growth. The concepts of citizenship and partnership are central to the doctrine of Thatcherism. This paper examines the nature of these concepts in the context of contemporary urban development and considers how redefinition can contribute to the formulation of policies to promote the popular restructuring of urban space.     

建立南岭经济区的战略构想

湘赣粤桂边地区即南岭地区区位优势独特，资源优势明显，政策优势灵活，交通通讯日益便利，区域内资源、产业和市场具有很强的集聚性和趋同性。建立湘赣粤桂边经济区，即南岭经济区，不仅是必要的，也是可行的。文中分析建立南岭经济区的必要性、可行性及有利条件、制约因素，提出建立南岭经济区的战略定位、区域布局及发展目标，并就建立南岭经济区的主要政策措施进行了探讨。     

澳大利亚南极政治浅析

澳大利亚非常重视南极政策研究,在充分认识其南极利益并明确了利益挑战的基础上,澳大利亚形成了较为完善的南极政策法律体系和管理制度。本文通过对澳大利亚南极利益及其行动目标的简要分析,结合澳大利亚在南极立法、南极管理及国际关系处理方面表现和相关活动,探讨了利益驱动下的澳大利亚南极活动图景,点明了其南极政策对维护其南极利益的重要作用。     

THE INFLUENCE OF CHINESE REFORM AND PRE-REFORM POLICIES ON URBAN GROWTH IN THE 1980s

In the 1980s, China experienced a period of coexistence of reform policies with pre-reform policies. These coexisting policies played an influential role in the growth of Chinese cities. This paper seeks to examine the role of these various coexisting policies of the 1980s and to explore the underlying factors that affected the pattern of Chinese urban growth. Data for a random selection of 66 cities from mainland China and some 16 variables were tested and analyzed by both parametric and nonparametric statistics. The results of the statistical analyses suggest that pre-reform policy conflicted with reform policies of the 1980s and that the various policies acted as countervailing forces on Chinese urban growth. Small cities showed significant rapid growth, whereas super-large cities indicated slow growth. Industrial development was the dominant factor accountable for the rapid expansion of Chinese cities, whereas the balanced growth between the inner-city nonagricultural population and the built-up area was a result of the interplay of city planning policies.     

增强我国中西部山区扶贫开发

论述了我国中西部山区扶贫开发取得的成就和面临的问题,提出了增强扶贫开发的十项政策措施:搞好宏观调控,转变思想观念,实行优惠政策,加强基础设施建设,采取倾斜政策,开展横向联系,加快发展乡镇企业,搞好智力开发,强化社会化服务体系建设,积极开展扶贫济困活动。     

黄秉维所长对华南地理学的贡献

南方坡地的研究,华南沿海及开放地区(特区)作为一个整体进行总合研究和华南热带、亚热带区划工作是黄秉维先生对华南地理学研究所作出的重要贡献。     

基于演化博弈的中国橡胶主产区目标价格补贴政策及其敏感性研究——以西双版纳为例

当前,橡胶收入不足于吸引农户继续种植橡胶,为保障国家橡胶战略安全,利用演化博弈模型分析了目标价格补贴政策的有效性边界,并对影响目标价格补贴政策的因素进行了敏感性分析。结果发现,依据2019年西双版纳18个样本村的947个截面数据及地区统计公报等测算得出,在橡胶价格为8元/kg时,应将目标补贴价格定位为12.8元/kg;橡胶树单产为影响目标价格补贴额度变量中敏感系数最大的因素;在当前其他因素不变的情况下,橡胶树单产提升10%可使目标补贴价格额度下降25%。建议采取积极稳健的财政补贴政策,利用浮动的目标价格补贴稳定橡胶产区的农户预期,同时辅以橡胶价格保险等配套政策激励农户提高橡胶树单产,在达到政策目标的同时降低财政成本。     

THE CORPORATE INTERLOCKING DIRECTORATE AS AN URBAN SPATIAL INFORMATION NETWORK

During the past decade, governments throughout the developing world have implemented policies promoting political and economic decentralization. To date, the study of decentralization has focused on political issues, while the consequences of these policies for geographical patterns of development have been largely ignored. This paper explores the geographical impacts of political decentralization with a study of changing patterns of real estate development in the metropolitan area of Caracas, Venezuela. In Venezuela, decentralization policies have created incentives for the fragmentation of the metropolitan area into a number of municipal governmental units, each pursuing its own developmental strategy. Resulting changes in the geographical patterns of real estate investment are examined. Particular consideration is given to development of a socially exclusive, multifunctional enclave within the city, that both divides and reorders the spatial structure of Caracas. [Key words: decentralization, municipal governance, real estate markets, Caracas, Venezuela.]     

Assessment of Desert Ecological Assets and Countermeasures for Ecological Compensation

Can deserts be transformed into resources, into assets, and further into cash? It is necessary to scientifically assess desert ecological assets and incorporate them into the national economic accounting system and the current evaluation system for socio-economic development. This study will provide a scientific basis and robust data for establishing a target system that is compatible with both ecological civilization and an associated reward and punishment mechanism, as well as for designing and implementing effective compensation policies for desert ecosystems. This paper first defines desert ecological assets, and then develops a framework for assessing them based on the evaluation of desert ecological resources and desert ecosystem services. This framework paves the foundation for quantitatively assessing desert ecological assets and preparing balance sheets of desert ecological assets. Finally, this paper analyzes current policies relating to desert ecological compensation, discusses how to design compensation policies based on assessment of desert ecological assets, and puts forward suggestions for improving current policies.     

腾冲旅游资源开发研究

运用区域旅游开发理论, 研究了腾冲境内旅游资源的基本类型、分布区划与主要特点, 在分析该区旅游开发的资源条件、区位条件和基础设施条件的基础上, 提出了该区旅游资源开发的指导思想、战略目标、布局重点和政策措施。     

THE LOCATIONAL CONCENTRATION OF GROUP HOMES IN TORONTO1

This paper contributes to the ongoing debate on the concentration of social service facilities within North American cities. The location quotient and the coefficient of localization are applied to data on Adult Services, Children's Services and psychiatric group homes (residential care facilities) in Metropolitan Toronto. Results demonstrate a high degree of localization in all three categories, particularly the psychiatric, and could be used in the formulation of placement policies to relieve certain areas of the inner city of the social and economic pressures created by group home concentration.     

京九铁路沿线地区投资环境的改善与区域发展研究

概要地分析了京九铁路对沿线地区影响的可能表现,分析了该地区形成中的三大黄金地段潜在的良好发展前景,对沿线地区地位突出的１６个城市的投资环境进行了综合评价,对其发展前景进行了预测。最后就如何进一步改善投资环境,发挥京九大动脉的作用,加速沿线地区发展提出了建议。     

OVERCOMING THE APARTHEID LEGACY IN CAPE TOWN SCHOOLS*

ABSTRACT. Restructuring apartheid geographies of racial stratification and spatial segregation poses formidable challenges, not least in education. Increasing intraracial inequality also underscores the importance of widening access and opportunity. Although South African education is not constrained by the highly localized control found in the United States and the United Kingdom, school allocation policies and parental choices create geographies that intersect with those of race and residence. Spatial variations critically influence both the impacts of postapartheid policies and the patterns of school desegregation. In this article we explore the spatial impact of inequality, desegregation, and state policies in relation to fourteen secondary schools in Cape Town, distinguishing outcomes that reflect inherited inequalities and current policies from outcomes that reflect individual school strategies. Capital funding is insufficient to change inherited inequalities, and differential fees and fund‐raising capacities perpetuate inequalities in operational resources. Sharing resources, taxing fee income, and a measure of provincial control over feeder areas could reduce inequalities.     

"人才争夺战"背景下人才流动的空间特征及影响因素——以中国"一流大学"毕业生为例

自2017年以来,“人才争夺战”如火如荼,城市步入以人才为核心要素的高维竞争阶段。作为人才争夺战的主要目标和人力资本的重要承载者,本文聚焦中国“一流大学”毕业生,基于2018年《毕业生就业质量报告》,运用Cartogram地图呈现了毕业生的空间流动特征,并梳理政府人才政策文件构建了人才政策评价指标体系,运用有向迁移模型剖析毕业生流动的影响因素。结果表明：① 就学地存在粘滞性,但区域差异显著,毕业生向一线城市集聚。② 城市吸引力水平分异明显,部分城市通过发布人才政策以补充地方经济、舒适性吸引力的不足。③ 经济维度要素与城市舒适性均能有效吸引毕业生流入,较高房价收入比会引发“挤出效应”。人才政策中,落户政策对毕业生流入起激励作用。     

珠江口近20年红树林湿地的遥感动态监测

应用多种规则相结合的专家系统方法,对珠江口地区3个时相的遥感图像进行分类,得到3个时相的红树林面积变化和空间分布变化。结果表明,从1988年到2002年珠江口地区红树林的整体面积变化是一种先降低再增长的趋势,但红树林类型由分散分布的天然林转变为集中分布的人工林,除淇澳岛、深圳河口地区还有大片的红树林外,其它地区的红树林基本消失。     

金融危机与东南亚旅华客源市场形势分析

本文分析了东南亚金属危机对我国国际旅游市场的影响,并对我国当前发展国际旅游应采取的措施和对策提出了建议。     

THE GEOGRAPHY OF THE AMERICAN GASOLINE CRISES*

Weekly American Automobile Association reports on the numbers and types of gasoline station closings in 1974 and 1979 make it possible to estimate the overall severity for each shortage in each state. Comparisons of these estimates reveal significant regional differences in the size of the shortfalls. Statistical analyses and explanations for the geographic variations in the shortfalls have implications for the design of policies for coping with the shortages.     

昆明市"城中村"问题及改造对策研究--以盘龙区东庄村为例

随着昆明市城市化进程的加快和行政区划的重新调整,城市辐射功能增强,城市空间急剧扩展,使原来的城市边缘区域为中心区所包围,形成大片“城中村”。昆明市“城中村”改造涉及范围广、数量大、人口多,缺少可以置换的土地,改造成本巨大。以昆明市最大的“城中村”——东庄村改造为个案,通过实地调查、访谈和文献法,分析昆明市“城中村”的现状、问题和成因,并认为应尽快分阶段进行改造。在改造中,应从昆明市目前的社会经济情况出发,根据不同类型,选择实施以开发商为主体和以村民为主体的不同改造模式。同时,政府应加强监督与协调,尽早制定“城中村”改造的地方政策和法规,编制统一、科学的规划,积极协调和平衡村民、村集体和开发商之间的利益冲突,保护村民的利益不受侵害,并通过职业培训、社区服务、社会保障等措施解决村民的生计,转变他们的思想观念、生活方式,使其真正融入现代社会。