NUCLEAR POWER IMPACTS: A CONVERGENCE/DIVERGENCE SCHEMA

Impacts of nuclear power plants are generally considered on a local scale only. A schema that considers local and interstate convergence and divergence is found useful in identifying the widespread nature of the impacts, especially those associated with a local decision to build a nuclear facility. Of the four possible subdivisions within this schema, three apply to the Palo Verde power plant near Phoenix, AZ.     

世界核电工业发展及地理格局综合解析

核电工业的发展和布局,与国际气候变化谈判、地缘政治和国家安全、以及国家竞争优势等密切相关,对全球核电工业空间格局演变及国家核电产业竞争力的研究具有重要的理论与实践意义.基于世界34个核电国家和198座核电厂数据,本文首先梳理了世界核电工业的发展阶段和空间布局;进一步运用综合评价指标体系、弦图、网络拓扑关系图,从产业链和...     

世界核电工业发展与地理格局的初探

核电工业自本世纪50年代以来发展迅速,其发电量不断上升,且有与火电、水电并行发展的趋势。本文在论述世界核电工业发展的基本情况后,以核电大国法国为典型代表,分析了核电工业的地位和地域分布特点,初浅地总结了核电工业的地理空间格局。     

电力工业对环境的影响及对策

电力工业是国民经济和社会发展的基础产业,中国快速发展的电力工业对环境造成的影响正在逐步加剧。在概述电力工业的发展状况以及环境保护重要意义的基础上,分别对火力发电、水利水电、高压与超高压电力网、核电对环境的影响及相应的对策进行了综述,提出了实现中国电力工业和环境的协调发展的对策:(1)提高技术装备水平,从源头控制二氧化硫等污染物的排放量。(2)因地制宜发展可再生能源发电。(3)完善环境管理制度,制订有利于脱硫等污染治理的经济政策。(4)加强基础研究,促进决策的科学化。     

Unsiting Nuclear Power Plants: Decommissioning Risks and Their Land Use Context*

Nuclear power plant siting provided the first significant public opportunity to examine nuclear safety and to affect nuclear policy. These discussions were prompted and fueled by perceptions of nuclear risk. Now, as we begin the process of nuclear decommissioning, we are finding that power plant removal—unsiting–is also likely to attract public interest. This paper presents a preliminary survey of how we are likely to react to this emerging theme, applying these findings within a land use context to see if it is likely to produce issues salient to the public. In so doing it also examines how these issues could affect decommissioning timing and type. It suggests that the most likely prospect is that power plants will remain on the landscape long after they are closed.     

A node semantic similarity schema-matching method for multi-version Web Coverage Service retrieval

Different versions of the Web Coverage Service (WCS) schemas of the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) reflect semantic conflict. When applying the extended FRAG-BASE schema-matching approach (a schema-matching method based on COMA++, including an improved schema decomposition algorithm and schema fragments identification algorithm, which enable COMA++-based support to OGC Web Service schema matching), the average recall of WCS schema matching is only 72%, average precision is only 82% and average overall is only 57%. To improve the quality of multi-version WCS retrieval, we propose a schema-matching method that measures node semantic similarity (NSS). The proposed method is based on WordNet, conjunctive normal form and a vector space model. A hybrid algorithm based on label meanings and annotations is designed to calculate the similarity between label concepts. We translate the semantic relationships between nodes into a propositional formula and verify the validity of this formula to confirm the semantic relationships. The algorithm first computes the label and node concepts and then calculates the conceptual relationship between the labels. Finally, the conceptual relationship between nodes is computed. We then use the NSS method in experiments on different versions of WCS. Results show that the average recall of WCS schema matching is greater than 83%; average precision reaches 92%; and average overall is 67%.     

地方节庆变迁的权力机制研究——以广东巽寮妈祖文化旅游节为例

以地方节庆作为一个可观测的指标,采用质性研究方法,在讨论妈祖文化旅游节表层景观变迁基础上,以权力中继机构——巽寮妈祖理事会的成立原因、过程及运作为主线,展演仪式组织阶段资本与地方间互动与协商,展现地方节庆变迁背后的权力机制。研究发现,资本与地方的博弈协商结果不局限于节庆重构本身,还催生新的权力主体。这个权力主体对资本既依附又抗争,对地方社区既强势又民主,特殊的成立动机、半官方的机构属性、复杂的内部关系使其成为节庆变迁中的中坚力量。这种基于资本与地方权力关系而产生,并同资本和地方一起推动节庆变迁的新型权力机构,补充了全球化背景下地方节庆变迁的微观层面权力机制研究。     

世界核电发展趋势与我国核电建设

阐述了世界核电发展的阶段及趋势 ,针对我国核电发展现状指出 ,应抓住世界 ,特别是亚洲地区新一轮核电发展高潮的有利时机 ,全国统筹 ,突出重点 ,加速核电建设。并就发展资金、核电建设国产化及堆型的选择等问题提出了基本对策。     

数字城市规划中基于SOA架构的SIT集成模式研究

针对空间信息技术(SIT)和数据库等技术在数字城市规划中的应用集成问题进行分析,提出数字城市规划中基于面向服务体系架构的空间信息技术集成模式。该集成模式以统一的数据中心为基础,消除了业务软件的异构与差异性,提高了数字城市规划中业务间数据传递和共享能力。建立的集成信息系统具有较强的开放性和可扩展性,实现了业务系统根据信息化技术的发展进行相应的变化和扩充需求,较好解决了企业级数字城市规划信息平台中数据交换和共享的难题。     

基于知识规则的土地利用/土地覆被分类方法——以黑河流域为例

本文提出了一种基于知识规则的土地利用/土地覆被分类的新方法。知识规则是基于专家经验建立起来的,反映研究区内不同分类系统下各类别的地理分布特性与地理分布交叉可能性。基于黑河流域90 m 分辨率DEM、2009 年逐月1 km 分辨率NDVI,参考美国地质调查局(USGS) 1 km分辨率土地利用/土地覆被数据在欧亚大陆上各类别的聚类中心,应用在上、中、下游分别建立的知识规则,以知识规则结合最近距离的USGS 类别聚类的方法,制作了一套与USGS全球土地覆被分类标准一致的、可以用于大气模式以及陆面过程模式的黑河流域土地覆被类型分布数据。本方法分类结果与以往研究采用的类别映射方法的分类结果及实际地物影像进行对比,表明知识规则下的分类结果更能准确表达流域地表覆盖特征,对冰雪、冻土类别和沙地荒漠类别的表现更优。     

Property and Difference in Nature Conservation

Social science research on nature conservation ascribes enclosures and the consequent evictions and dispossession of local people to unequal power relations. It reveals that the monopoly of power by the state configures new relations between local people and their natural resources, and legitimizes land grabbing. In this paper we build on this literature by engaging two questions. The first question relates to how land tenure regimes enable green grabbing and also configure the participation of local people in nature conservation enterprises. Knowing how land tenure regimes structure the involvement of local people in nature conservation is a necessary step toward an inquiry into the relationship between local people and protected areas. In the second question we ask how historical land tenure allocations enable current configurations of power relations in conservation areas. We use the case study of Mapungubwe on the Botswana‐South Africa‐Zimbabwe borderlands to demonstrate that historical land tenure allocations facilitate land alienation and the marginalization of local people in TFCAs.     

THE POSSIBILITY OF LOCAL AUTONOMY

Prevailing theories of local autonomy have largely precluded the possibility for effective local autonomy. Recent alternatives, however, have focused on the law and legal discourse as significant means of sustaining local power. This paper builds on the latter theoretical strain by considering the relation between power and place both within and outside the law. In this paper “autonomy” is reconceptualized with a relational rather than the traditional corporeal theory of power, emphasizing the way in which social objects are reified with power through sets of truth claims. “Local” is reconsidered as one such reification, endowed with a plethora of not merely political, but also cultural and social significations. The result is a more subtle understanding of the way in which power is exercised locally against state domination. This theory is constructed through evidence from a Massachusetts housing policy's drafting and implementation.     

“软权力”视角下中美解决朝核问题的新路径

国际社会在解决朝核问题上往往忽视朝鲜的政治和安全诉求,始终展现以震慑和制裁为主的“硬力量”迫使朝鲜“弃核”。“软权力”视角分析认为：朝鲜半岛的战争状态是朝核问题的根源,也是朝鲜“拥核”或“弃核”的根本出发点;中美两国虽然都致力于朝鲜半岛无核化,但在目标、手段以及程度上分歧较大,妥善处理中美在朝核问题上的分歧是未来两国合作的关键;虽然目前朝鲜半岛局势有所缓和,但朝鲜积极落实“七届三中”全会决议要求仍然需要国际社会的多边协调和共同努力。     

新冠肺炎疫情背景下国际移民管治与个体响应策略

自新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情肆虐以来,全球国际移民流动按下暂停键。我国也面临着同样的情况,部分城市内部聚集着因疫情难以回国的国际移民,这对于地方政府的移民管治提出了巨大挑战。通过结合运用地理学与人类学的跨学科视角,在福柯的权力与异端辩证关系框架的基础上,加入了“管治-响应”的逻辑思路进行重组,并采用该分析框架,以广西阳朔为例,讨论后疫情时代国际移民管治与个体生存策略。通过结合参与式观察法与网络民族志法,结果发现：首先,为避免疫情防控中政治尺度跃迁引发的国际舆论事件,地方政府在国际移民群体中寻找权力代理人,并与之形成权力联盟,对移民个体进行管治,包括“规训/照料”“医治/隔离”“监控/放任。这种转换将原本权力关系中的地方政府与移民个体之间的矛盾转化为权力代理人与移民个体之间的矛盾,有效地规避了尺度跃迁问题。其次,移民个体结合自身的社会资本,采用特有的响应策略,包括“权力代理人”“顺从/搭便车”“治疗/自我管治”“不合作/破坏”。这些发现有利于加深对国际移民社会融合的理解,为地方政府的移民管治提供新思路。     

欠发达地区工业园区发展动力机制研究--以江西省赣州市兴国工业园为例

从分析欠发达地区的经济社会特征入手,基于区位、成本、政府作用、外部辐射及制度文化因素等多个角度,把促进欠发达地区工业园区的发展动力概括为先天条件的原动力、地方政府的主导驱动力、发达地区的辐射作用力、制度与文化作用力、学习与创新作用力及园区的自增长力6个方面.并提出培育产业集群,促进园区内企业与当地的经济文化交流,是加强外来企业的根植性,使外来企业真正实现本地化的根本手段.     

Assessing China’s human-environment relationship

Journal of Geographical Sciences - China’s coupled human-environment system (CHES) is assessed here via a systems schema that emphasizes the complex interactions of components and their...     

The micromechanisms of power in local content requirements and their constraints on Ghanaian SMEs in the oil and gas sector

Local content laws have the potential to promote positive synergies between the extractive sectors and African economies. However, their success is a negotiated outcome of interaction between actors. The objective of the article is to emphasize the mechanisms by which local content requirements are negotiated between actors in Ghana’s oil and gas industry, by drawing on Foucault’s concept of power. Data for the study were obtained through interviews, observations and secondary sources. The author found that complex registration systems, administrative details, and financial and technological requirements constituted the micromechanisms of power at play in determining how the local content law was applied in practice. The article demonstrates how these factors limit the activities of small and medium-scale enterprises (SMEs) in the oil and gas sector. The author concludes that the institutional context, the capacity of local SMEs, and the techniques and practices of multinational corporations (MNCs) shape the extent of local participation in Ghana’s oil and gas industry.     

Net Energy Payback and CO2 Emissions from Three Midwestern Wind Farms: An Update

This paper updates a life-cycle net energy analysis and carbon dioxide emissions analysis of three Midwestern utility-scale wind systems. Both the Energy Payback Ratio (EPR) and CO₂ analysis results provide useful data for policy discussions regarding an efficient and low-carbon energy mix. The EPR is the amount of electrical energy produced for the lifetime of the power plant divided by the total amount of energy required to procure and transport the materials, build, operate, and decommission the power plants. The CO₂ analysis for each power plant was calculated from the life-cycle energy input data. A previous study also analyzed coal and nuclear fission power plants. At the time of that study, two of the three wind systems had less than a full year of generation data to project the life-cycle energy production. This study updates the analysis of three wind systems with an additional four to eight years of operating data. The EPR for the utility-scale wind systems ranges from a low of 11 for a two-turbine system in Wisconsin to 28 for a 143-turbine system in southwestern Minnesota. The EPR is 11 for coal, 25 for fission with gas centrifuge enriched uranium and 7 for gaseous diffusion enriched uranium. The normalized CO₂ emissions, in tonnes of CO₂ per GW_eh, ranges from 14 to 33 for the wind systems, 974 for coal, and 10 and 34 for nuclear fission using gas centrifuge and gaseous diffusion enriched uranium, respectively.     

“A Mirror and a Lamp”: The Role of Power in the Rural Landscape Trajectory of the Ovens Region of Australia

Power relationships structure discourse and its influence on policy and rural land use planning, but little research has examined how this might be observed in the dynamics of rural landscape transition. In a qualitative case study of the Ovens catchment, Victoria, Australia, discursive power is observed through sites of tension between informant interpretations of past, present, and future landscapes and contemporary local decision making. Three main tensions and an observation emerged that suggest discourse and power can be observed through the transfer and support of social memory narratives. We conclude that the identification of tensions between stakeholder perceptions of the past, present, and future of their landscape; awareness of the influence of those interpretations on current decision making; and attention to social memory narratives can provide invaluable insights for those seeking to understand local relationships of power.