12011年2月26-27日雨雪天气过程分析P458

利用micaps常规气象资料分析2011年2月26-27日雨雪天气过程的天气形势,分析雨雪相态转换时间与850hPa温度以及自动站气象要素的关系,对欧洲中心和日本数值预报与实况进行对比分析。结果表明：雨雪天气过程发生在低层切变线和地面倒槽影响时段,降水相态由雨转化为雪时,符合850hPa温度三一4℃统计规律;对于雨雪时间转换可用自动站资料做进一步补充,当气温下降到O°C以下,且地面Ocm温度维持在O°C左右时,降水相态转变为雪。对比分析欧洲中心、日本数值预报结果,两者均准确预报低层切变线和地面倒槽影响时间和主要影响位置,日本降水量预报和实况相当,自南向北呈减小特征;欧洲中心和日本数值预报850hPa温度场影响时间相当,欧洲中心预报温度偏高约5℃。     

12011年2月26-27日雨雪天气过程分析P458

利用micaps常规气象资料分析2011年2月26-27日雨雪天气过程的天气形势,分析雨雪相态转换时间与850hPa温度以及自动站气象要素的关系,对欧洲中心和日本数值预报与实况进行对比分析。结果表明：雨雪天气过程发生在低层切变线和地面倒槽影响时段,降水相态由雨转化为雪时,符合850hPa温度三一4℃统计规律;对于雨雪时间转换可用自动站资料做进一步补充,当气温下降到O°C以下,且地面Ocm温度维持在O°C左右时,降水相态转变为雪。对比分析欧洲中心、日本数值预报结果,两者均准确预报低层切变线和地面倒槽影响时间和主要影响位置,日本降水量预报和实况相当,自南向北呈减小特征;欧洲中心和日本数值预报850hPa温度场影响时间相当,欧洲中心预报温度偏高约5℃。     

渤海西岸边界层东风与暴雪天气的机理分析

2008年12月20—21日和2010年1月3日天津地区分别出现了历史同期罕见的暴雪天气。为了提高对这种极端天气发生机理的认识,利用多种资料对这两次天气过程进行了分析。结果表明：两次暴雪过程均属于回流型降雪,但环流形势和影响系统的演变却不尽相同。影响系统分别为高空横槽（高空槽）、850 hPa切变（850 hPa低涡切变）和地面倒槽（地面气旋）,水汽源自700 hPa西南气流和边界层东风的水汽输送。由于两次过程均与边界层东风相伴,特别对渤海西岸边界层东风对降雪天气的影响和作用进行探讨,表明偏东风不仅为本地输送一定量级的水汽,同时这种具有冷湿特征的东风还会与内陆具有暖湿结构的偏南风形成地面辐合线,加强地面的动力抬升作用,产生上升运动,有利于雨雪天气的加强和维持,因此可以认为边界层东风对暴雪的发生发展起到了显著的作用。     

渤海西岸边界层东风与暴雪天气的机理分析

2008年12月20-21日和2010年1月3日天津地区分别出现了历史同期罕见的暴雪天气。为了提高对这种极端天气发生机理的认识,利用多种资料对这两次天气过程进行了分析。结果表明：两次暴雪过程均属于回流型降雪,但环流形势和影响系统的演变却不尽相同。影响系统分别为高空横槽（高空槽）、850 hPa切变（850 hPa低涡切变）、地面倒槽（地面气旋）,水汽源自700 hPa西南气流和边界层东风的水汽输送。由于两次过程均与边界层东风相伴,特别对渤海西岸边界层东风对降雪天气的影响和作用作了探讨,表明偏东风不仅为本地输送一定量级的水汽,同时这种具有冷湿特征的东风还会与内陆具有暖湿结构的偏南风形成地面辐合线,加强地面的动力抬升作用,产生上升运动,有利于雨雪天气的加强和维持,因此可以认为边界层东风对暴雪的发生发展起到了显著的作用。     

湖北省两类典型极端降水过程气象因子异常特征对比

利用NCEP/NCAR再分析数据和其他常规观测数据,对湖北省两类典型极端降水型(南北气流汇合型、南北槽叠加型)的天气背景及气象因子异常特征进行分析,结果表明:南北气流汇合型500 hPa上形成南北气流汇合形势,低层切变线南侧南风发展异常强盛,地面上冷锋入暖槽形成静止锋,动力因子(850 hPa涡度、200 hPa散度)和水汽因子(大气可降水量)异常特征显著;南北槽叠加型500 hPa上形成南北槽叠加形势,低层或边界层形成显著低涡切变,地面上暖低压强烈发展,动力因子(200 hPa散度、925 hPa涡度)和不稳定因子(700 hPa温度平流)异常度比例偏高。最后给出了两类集天气背景与气象因子异常度配置于一体的极端降水天气概念模型。     

鹰潭市一次冻雨暴雪天气过程分析

利用常规气象资料、T213资料等,对鹰潭市2008年2月1-2日出现的冻雨、暴雪天气过程进行分析。结果表明,暴雪出现在500hPa槽前、700hPa急流轴与切变线之间、850hPa切变线附近和地面冷高压底部的区域。高空低槽东移,700hPa西南急流的南压,使得700hPa温度下降为-3．7℃,温度条件变化有利于产生降雪。中低层辐合、高层辐散及较强的上升运动,为强降雪提供较好的动力条件。850—700hPa的逆温层有利于冻雨、暴雪出现,当700hPa温度≥-1℃时,出现冻雨;当温度≤-3℃时,出现暴雪。对流层中层较好的水汽输送,是暴雪发生的重要原因之一。     

辽宁地区雨雪转换天气的判别和分析北大核心

利用2011—2020年辽宁地区逐小时地面观测数据和定时高空观测数据,统计分析纯雪、雨雪转换两类降水天气特征。结果表明,辽宁地区2011—2020年雨雪转换日数与纯雪日数比值为1∶5,沿海地区多于内陆,雨雪转换时主要有5种天气类型:空中槽型、北上气旋型、低涡切变型、冷平流型、回流型,其中,空中槽型雨雪转换日数最多,占总日数的42.8%;冷平流型和回流型相对较少,分别占9.4%和7.8%。地面2 m气温、0℃层高度、抬升凝结高度、抬升凝结高度气温与地面2 m气温差、700~850 hPa位势高度差、850~1000 hPa位势高度差等6个气象因子对鉴定辽宁地区降水相态有一定参考意义。利用高分辨的欧洲细网格资料对2021年2月28日雨雪天气过程的降水相态进行诊断分析,结果表明,雨雪相态的转变对对流层低层温度平流非常敏感,0℃层高度、冰雪层厚度、粒子降落行程与降水相态之间关系密切;当0℃层高度降低(由920 hPa到950 hPa),云中冰雪层增厚(由430 hPa增至530 hPa),液态水层变薄(由20 hPa到10 hPa),云中冰雪物下落到地面的行程缩短(由780 m降至410 m),下落环境温度降低(由3.5℃到0.5℃),降水相态由雨转换为雨夹雪或雪。     

湖北省冬季大雪成因分析与预报方法研究

针对湖北省冬季大雪天气预报难题,使用常规观测资料和数值预报产品,分析了1988-2005年发生在湖北省冬季的15次大雪过程.结果表明.地面冷空气、700 hPa江南西南急流和500 hPa西风带低槽是决定湖北省冬季大雪的三个主要天气系统,700 hPa江南西南急流强弱决定湖北省大雪强度,地面冷空气强度决定湖北省降温幅度;归纳出有利湖北省大雪的温度条件的垂直分布特征;由于锋面抬升和两南低空急流的作用,在对称不稳定条件下产生倾斜上升和下沉运动,形成中尺度倾斜环流,在充沛环境水汽条件下,产生大雪天气;采取物理参数指标结合数值预报建立的湖北省大雪客观预报方法,在实时预报业务中预运行效果较好.     

华北地区2015年“1106”降雪过程诊断分析

利用中国气象局MICAPS地面、高空等常规观测资料及欧洲中心ERA-Interim的0.25°（纬度）×0.25°（经度）逐6 h再分析资料,对2015年11月5日至7日影响北京、河北的一次降雪过程的环流形势和动热力物理量进行了诊断分析,揭示了降雪特征及其形成原因。环流形势分析发现,此次降雪是在高空两槽一脊叠加短波槽活动天气背景下的“回流型”降雪。500 hPa有西伯利亚脊的发展和内蒙古地区气旋性涡旋及其向南发展出的弱槽,使得偏北冷空气与西南暖气流在河北地区相遇,伴随低层700 hPa的低涡发展,造成了此次降雪天气。500 hPa多小槽波动东移,使得雨雪天气维持较长时间;700 hPa受偏南暖湿气流影响,850 hPa为偏东风,地面高压底部偏东风配合倒槽,有较好的上升运动和水汽输送条件;高湿的大气环境条件和低层水汽辐合及抬升为降雪发生提供了充沛的水汽;高低空急流的形成,与散度场、涡度场和垂直速度场的高低空耦合配置,为降雪天气的发生创造了动力条件。     

山东省短时强降水天气的特征分析

通过分析山东省2007—2010年常规观测资料、山东省区域和国家级自动气象观测站降水观测资料,研究短时强降水天气的时间和地理分布特征,分析短时强降水出现的时间、落区和强度,并对1小时降水量≥100mm的短时特强降水的天气系统进行了分析,结果表明：2007—2010年山东省短时强降水天气一般出现在5—10月,7—8月较多;1小时降水量≥100mm的短时特强降水都发生在7—8月;出现短时强降水天气的时段以午后至傍晚居多,夜间次之,上午最少;当500hPa位于西风槽前和副高边缘,700hPa和850hPa位于西风槽前或存在切变线,地面有冷锋影响时,有可能发生1小时降水量≥100mm的短时特强降水天气。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.