近33年新疆阿勒泰地区积雪变化特征及其与气象因子的关系

利用阿勒泰地区7个气象观测站1981-2013年积雪初、终日期、积雪期(积雪初、终日期间日数),以及同期平均气温、平均0厘米地面温度、降水量、日照时数和平均风速资料,分析了该区积雪的变化特征及其与五个气象因子的关系。结果表明：阿勒泰地区平均初日为11月3日,终日为4月2日,平均积雪期为152d;近33年阿勒泰地区积雪初日呈上升的趋势,而终日和积雪期是呈下降趋势;除了吉木乃站的积雪初日气候倾向率是负值外,其余各站均是正值的,积雪终日的气候倾向率各站均为负值,积雪期的气候倾向率除了吉木乃站外其余均是正值;各站在积雪期内与降水量呈显著的正相关,表明降水量越多积雪持续时间越长,而且七个站均通过了显著性检验,降水因子在五个因子的对各站积雪期的影响较大;阿勒泰地区的各站积雪期与积雪初、终日期间的风速、降水量、0厘米地温、日平均气温、日照时数五个因子的相关系数中有57%的通过信度0.05的显著性检验,还有20%的通过了信度0.001的显著性检验;     

宁波市年降水量时空变化特征

应用主分量分析、气候突变检验、“墨西哥帽”小波分析及谱分析等多种方法对宁波市1953~2003年的年降水量进行了时空特征分析。结果表明:宁波市所辖7个气象站年降水量呈现出从西南往北—东北方向递减的趋势,与全市地形走向基本一致,年降水量最大、最小值相差400 mm左右;全市各地年降水量的年际变化趋势是一致的;宁波市区年降水量在20世纪60年代末到70年代初接近突变临界值,近年也有发生转折的趋势;进入21世纪以来,宁波市年降水量处于偏少的气候背景中,2003年变化最为剧烈;宁波市区年降水量有准4年的振荡周期。     

气候变化对四川盆地作物生产潜力的影响评估

计算了四川盆地作物的光合生产潜力、光温生产潜力和气候生产潜力,选择代表站点分析了主要气象因子的变化特征及其对生产潜力的影响。结果表明,四川盆地日照时数和降水量在减少,气温在升高,日照时数和降水量的减少使生产潜力降低,而气温升高具有增加作用;各类生产潜力在1970 s都属于高值时期,光温生产潜力在2006年达到另一个高值;近十年各类生产潜力平均值均较1970 s有所减少,盆地平均气温升高1℃,光温生产潜力增加6%,降水量减少10%,气候生产潜力减少1.6%。      

气候变化对四川盆地作物生产潜力的影响评估

计算了四川盆地作物的光合生产潜力、光温生产潜力和气候生产潜力,选择代表站点分析了主要气象因子的变化特征及其对生产潜力的影响。结果表明,四川盆地日照时数和降水量在减少,气温在升高,日照时数和降水量的减少使生产潜力降低,而气温升高具有增加作用;各类生产潜力在1970s都属于高值时期,光温生产潜力在2006年达到另一个高值;近十年各类生产潜力平均值均较1970s有所减少,盆地平均气温升高1℃,光温生产潜力增加6％,降水量减少10％,气候生产潜力减少1．6％。     

阿勒泰地区气候变化和生态环境可持续发展浅析

通过分析阿勒泰地区近53年的气温、降水变化和灾害性天气发生频次,证实了阿勒泰地区的气候在变暖变湿,并通过降水量和6月植被生长情况对比分析,发现阿勒泰地区冬季降水量多少和次年6月植被生长关系密切,证明了冬季开展人工増雪是保持阿勒泰地区生态环境的一种有利措施。     

近五十年来广西海岛的气候变化与气象灾害特征分析

利用涠洲岛气象站自建站至2010年的气象观测资料,分析总结近五十年来广西海岛的气候特征、气候变化规律与气象灾害特征。分析结果表明,随着全球变暖广西海岛的气候发生了明显变化,气温显著升高,特别是90年代后期以来,升温更加显著,冬季对气候变暖的贡献最大;年降水量呈增多趋势,主要来自夏季降水量增多的贡献,从80年代开始降水量增加趋势明显;广西海岛主要的气象灾害发生的频率和强度出现明显变化,台风影响个数略有减少,大风日数呈减少趋势,暴雨、旱涝灾害有所增加,极端天气气候事件造成的灾害损失呈增大趋势。     

山东省气候变化及其对冬小麦生产潜力的影响

利用全省 2 7个台站 1 96 1～ 1 998年的温度、降水、日照等基本气象要素资料 ,对山东省气候变化特点进行了分析 ,并对冬小麦生产潜力进行了计算、分析。结果表明 ,山东省年、季平均气温呈波动性增暖趋势 ,降水量呈减少趋势。气候变暖有利于生产潜力的提高 ,冬小麦气候生产潜力总的变化趋势是波动性的上升 ,但较光温生产潜力倾向率小 ,反映了小麦生育期内光、温、水的综合影响。     

近45年5—9月阿勒泰地区强降水气候变化趋势与突变特征

利用1961-2005年5-9月阿勒泰地区六县一市7站逐日降水资料,对该地区强降水事件的气候变化趋势和突变特征进行分析.结果表明:近45年来,强降水量和强降水日数呈增加趋势,1981年是增加的突变点;强降水强度、极端降水量和日数的变化趋势不明显;间隔1～5 d强降水日数呈增加趋势;1982年以来,5月和7月强降水发生频率显著增加,9月强降水发生频率锐减;强降水事件发生时间主要集中在7月份,1980年代以来,8月下旬也是强降水事件频发时段.     

未来气候变化对安徽淮河以南一季稻气候生产潜力的影响评估

针对未来气候变化及其对一季稻的可能影响,利用第5次耦合模式比较计划(coupled model intercomparison project phase 5,CMIP5)中5个气候模式(global circulation models,GCMs)和3种RCPs情景输出的逐日气候要素资料以及安徽淮河以南50个气象站1961—2010年逐日平均气温、降水量等观测资料和各县一季稻生育期、单产资料,预估未来21世纪安徽淮河以南一季稻生育期气候变化,并基于潜力衰减法估算近期(2018—2039年)、中期(2040—2069年)和远期(2070—2099年)一季稻气候生产潜力及其对气候变化的响应。结果表明:(1)5个GCMs对安徽淮河以南气温与降水量具有较好的模拟能力,且气温模拟效果更佳。(2)不同RCPs情景下未来一季稻各生育期将提前、全生育期缩短。预估的安徽淮河以南一季稻生育期持续增暖,北部增温幅度高于南部,其中RCP8.5情景下变暖幅度更显著;未来全生育期降水量整体变化趋势不明显,但南部增加较为明显,而太阳总辐射均显著减少。(3)不同RCPs情景预估的一季稻气候生产潜力均呈显著下降趋势,以远期降幅最大。(4)一季稻气候生产潜力与全生育期平均气温和降水量显著相关,且增暖负效应突出。可见,未来气候变化可能对一季稻气候生产潜力的提高不利。     

1954—2007年云南农业气候变化研究

为弄清主要农业气候要素和农业气候年型变化规律和特征.基于多站点气候资料,对表征云南农业气候特点的17个初选气候因子,进行经验正交(EOF)分解提取主成分因子,再应用系统聚类法划分农业气候年型.结果得到7个相互独立的主成分因子和6种农业气候年型,可客观表述云南主要农业气候变化特征.1954年以来云南农业主要生长季气候变暖趋势明显;降水量和日照时数比气温年际波动大,日照变化又比降水量明显;春旱强度有减弱的趋势,阴雨寡照逐渐加重;1990年代中期以来气候变暖明显加剧,同时日照时数波动振幅大、夏季雨量有递减趋势;1995年以来云南主要受两种农业气候年型影响,1999-2007年的主要气候年型在1950年代、1960年代和1970年代均未曾出现.气候变化对农业的利弊影响都十分显著.     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.