天山山区1961-2010年面雨量分布及变化特征

利用1961-2010年天山山区44个气象站和10个水文站的观测资料,结合数字高程模型(DEM)1 km×1 km网格数据,采用了自然正交分解(EOF)、多元回归分析、最大熵谱值分析等方法,对天山山区面雨量进行了计算,建立了区域面雨量时间序列,研究其时空分布特征及变化规律.天山山区的面雨量基本上呈现北多南少,西多东少的特征,多年平均面雨量1098.7×108 m3,且在1987年发生突变.冬季降水在年际变化和年代际变化特征上都呈现出明显的增加趋势..     

北疆汛期降水集中程度的特征分析

基于1961－2007年新疆北部104站逐日降水资料,分析了天山山区、天山北麓、伊犁河谷和北疆北部汛期降水集中度和集中期的气候特征。结果表明,北疆北部汛期降水总量虽然最小,但年际变化较大。天山山区汛期降水总量虽然最大,但年际变化较小,说明山区降水稳定。北疆以及四个子区域多年平均的汛期降水集中度约为0.2左右,汛期降水集中期出现在32-37候。北疆北部汛期降水集中度和集中期的年际变化均相对较大。北疆地区汛期降水偏多时,降水量在整个汛期分布比较均匀,而汛期降水偏少时,降水量比较集中。     

新疆区域面雨量分布特征及其变化规律

将自然正交分解 (EOF) 和数字高程模型 (DEM) 相结合, 利用新疆区域144个气象站和水文站的1961—2005年降水量资料, 计算得到新疆区域面雨量年、季分布特征和变化规律。分析结果表明:新疆区域年平均面雨量约为2724.6×108t, 年平均降水量为165.5 mm。从空间分布来看, 天山山区面雨量最大, 约占全疆面雨量的40.4%, 该区域年平均降水量为409.1 mm; 北疆地区次之占34.3%, 年降水量为277.3 mm; 南疆地区最少约为25.3%, 年平均降水量仅有66.2 mm。从季节分布来看:夏季面雨量最大, 约占全年面雨量的54.4%;春季次之为23.6%;秋季为16.5 %; 冬季最少, 约为5.5%。新疆区域面雨量年际变化呈现出增多的趋势, 1987年存在突变, 在此之后降水量明显增多。     

贵州夏季暴雨的气候特征

利用贵州52个测站的1961-2006年历年夏季（6-8月）逐日降水资料,分析了贵州夏季暴雨的时空分布特征、周期振荡及其突变特征。结果表明：46 a来贵州夏季暴雨量呈增加趋势,并存在明显的年际、年代际变化特征;暴雨日数和暴雨量在1985年发生突变;暴雨日数和暴雨量均存在15 a和准10 a的周期振荡;暴雨日数和暴雨量EOF分解的第一特征向量的荷载场空间分布基本一致,表明全省呈偏多（少）的一致型同位相分布。     

贵州夏季暴雨的气候特征

 利用贵州52个测站的1961-2006年历年夏季（6-8月）逐日降水资料,分析了贵州夏季暴雨的时空分布特征、周期振荡及其突变特征。结果表明：46 a来贵州夏季暴雨量呈增加趋势,并存在明显的年际、年代际变化特征;暴雨日数和暴雨量在1985年发生突变;暴雨日数和暴雨量均存在15 a和准10 a的周期振荡;暴雨日数和暴雨量EOF分解的第一特征向量的荷载场空间分布基本一致,表明全省呈偏多（少）的一致型同位相分布。     

辽宁春播期第一场透雨的气候特征及其变化规律

利用1961-2007年4—5月辽宁14个站逐日降水资料,分析了春播期第一场透雨出现日期和透雨量的季节分布特征和年际年代际变化特征及透雨出现日期和透雨量与播种期降水量的关系。结果表明：自1961年以来,辽宁春播期透雨出现时间总体呈偏晚趋势,透雨量呈偏多趋势,但趋势均不显著;春播期透雨出现时间具有明显的年代际变化特点;透雨出现时间与透雨量呈不显著的正相关,与播种期降水量呈显著的负相关,即春播期透雨出现时间偏晚（早）的年份,透雨量偏大（小）,播种期降水量偏少（多）。     

辽宁省春播期第一场透雨气候特征及其变化规律分析

利用1961－2007年4－5月辽宁14个站的逐日降水资料,分析了春播期第一场透雨出现日期和透雨量的季节分布特征和年际年代际变化特征及透雨出现日期和透雨量与播种期降水量的关系。结果表明：自1961年以来辽宁春播期透雨出现时间总体呈现偏晚趋势,透雨量呈偏多趋势,但趋势均不显著;春播期透雨出现时间具有明显的年代际变化特点;透雨出现时间与透雨量呈不显著的正相关,与播种期降水量呈显著的负相关,即春播期透雨出现时间偏晚（早）的年份,透雨量偏大（小）,播种期降水量偏少（多）。     

近50年西北干旱区极端降水的时空变化特征

利用西北干旱区1961-2010年76个测站的逐日降水量,采用线性趋势,Mann-Kendall（M-K）突变检验等现代统计诊断方法,研究我国西北干旱区极端降水的时空变化特征。结果表明:（1）过去50年北疆地区和天山山区极端降水量总体上呈增加趋势,河西-阿拉善地区变化不明显;（2）除南疆地区外,北疆、天山山区、河西-阿拉善地区极端降水量分别于1982年、1990年、1987年发生显著的上升突变;（3）极端降水量空间分布的区域差异性显著,在研究区西部表现为以天山山区大值为中心,呈现北高南低的特点;研究区的东部主要是自东南向西北递减的特点;（4）极端降水频率与极端降水量的空间分布基本一致。     

黑河流域气候特征及面雨量分析

文中分析了黑河的流域概况及流域面雨量的时空分布和年际变化 ,较为全面地揭示了整个流域面的气候特征 ;同时对黑河径流量的年内分配及其与流域面雨量的关系作了初步探讨 ,为进一步研究流域面降水的预报方法打下了基础。     

基于MODIS的天山山区草地类型植被指数变化特征及其与气候因子的关系

本研究建立基于MODIS的天山山区草地类型植被指数并分析其与气候因子的关系,研究发现：天山山区NDVI分布北部大,南部小;西部大,东部小。降水是影响天山山区NDVI的主要因子。天山山区在温度上升0.1℃,面雨量增加10%的情况下,NDVI增加2.5%。2000~2009年天山山区NDVI年平均值为0.35,温度呈上升趋势,降水呈减少趋势,对植被的生长不利,NDVI呈现出减小趋势,但减小不明显。天山山区NDVI最大值的年份,降水并不是最多的,说明植被的长势需要水分和热量匹配。1961~2009年天山山区的气候变化有利于草地NDVI的增加     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.