Late Permian- Early Triassic Conodont Biofacies and Bioprovinces in South China and Himalaya

On the basis of existing conodont data, the authors have studied the Late Permian-Early Triassic conodonts of different forms and biofacies in detail. Five conodont biofacies are recognized, from shallow to deep waters 1. Hindeodus conodont biofacies, 2. Pachycladina-Parachi rognathus conodont biofacies, 3. Gondolella -Hindeodus conodont biofacies, 4. Gondolella-Neospathodus conodont biofacies, and 5. Xaniognathus conodont biofacies. Considering the temporal and spatial changes of these conodont biofacies, 3 conodont bloprovinces have been divided. In light of the biofacies changes of each bioprovince, the authors also discuss, in this paper, the regularity of transgression-regression cycles of eastern Tethys and their possible relation to the mass biotic alternation.     

华南和喜马拉雅古,中生代之交牙形石生物相和生物分区

在前人工作的基础上，对华南和喜马拉雅地区二叠世－早三叠世不同生态类型的牙形石进行了详细研究研究，依水体深浅不同，从浅到深识别出５种牙形石生物相即Ｈｉｎｄｅｏｄｕｓ生物相，Ｐｃａｃｈｙｃｌａ，ｄｉｎａ－ｐａｒａｃｈｉｒｏｇｎａｔｈｕｓ生物相，Ｈｉｎｄｅｏｄｕｓ－Ｇｏｎｄｏｌｅｌｌａ生物相Ｇｏｎｄｏｌｅｌｌａ－Ｎｅｏｓｐａｔｈｏｄｕｓ生物相和Ｘａｎｉｏｇｎａｔｈｎｓ生物相。通过这些牙形石生物相在时间和     

Ordovician Cephalopod Biofacies of South China and Its Provincialization

INTRODUCTION Biofacies refers to an association of organism-ecology and sedi mentary characteristics , which canreflect a specific ancient environment . Research onbiofacies and its provincialization is significant notonly for increasing the precision of stratigraphic sub-division and correlation,reconstructing ancient envi-ronments and paleogeography ,and oil and gas explo-ration,but also for the study of intercontinental pa-leobiogeography and sea level changes .Although the term biofaci…     

华南地区奥陶纪头足类生物相及其分区

在研究华南地区奥陶纪头足类生态特征基础上,根据头足类的生态类型及其保存条件等特征,识别出18个头足类生物相,即开阔台地[WT5”BX]Proterocameroceras生物相,局限台地Pseudoectenolites-Xiadongoceras生物相,开阔台地Retroclitendoceras-Pararetrocli tendoceras生物相,开阔台地Pronajaceras-Mamagouceras生物相,陆棚斜坡—盆地Cyclostomiceras-Bactroceras生物相,开阔台地 Cameroceras-Cyrtovaginoceras生物相,开阔台地 Coreanoceras-Manchuroceras生物相,陆棚斜坡—盆地Kaipingoceras-Kyminoceras生物相,内陆棚Bathmoceras-Protocycloceras生物相,中部陆棚Dideroceras-Ancistroceras生物相,深水陆棚 Lituites-Cyclolituites 生物相,滞流盆地Lituites-Trilacinoceras生物相,深水盆地Paraendoceras-Sactorthoceras,深水陆棚Sinoceras-Michelinoceras-Disoceras生物相,深水陆棚Beloitoceras-Jiangshanoceras生物相,深水陆棚—盆地Eurasiaticoceras生物相,浅海陆棚—斜坡Jiangxiceras-Yushanoceras生物相,深水盆地Michelinoceras[WT5”BZ]生物相,并阐述各生物相的组成、生态特征及其生态环境。根据头足类生物相在时间和空间上的组合规律,划分出3个头足类生物相区,即扬子生物相区、黔东—湘西生物相区（过渡型生物相区）和湘中—浙西生物相区,并讨论了各生物相区在不同时期内头足类生态类型和生物相分异特征、海平面升降、环境演变特征以及其与油气的关系。认为在低海平面或海平面下降阶段中生物相分异明显,而在高海平面阶段中则分异较小。     

Conodont Biostratigraphy and Age Determination of the Lower-Middle Triassic Boundary in South Guizhou Province,China

The demarcation of the Lower-Middle Triassic boundary is a disputed problem in global stratigraphic research.Lower-Middle Triassic strata of different types,from platform to basin facies, are well developed in Southwest China.This is favorable for the study of the Olenekian-Anisian boundary and establishing a stratotype for the Qingyan Stage.Based on research at the Ganheqiao section in Wangmo county and the Qingyan section in Guiyang city,Guizhou province,six conodont zones have been recognized,which ca...     

Conodont Biostratigraphy and Age Determination of the Lower–Middle Triassic Boundary in South Guizhou Province, China

The demarcation of the Lower–Middle Triassic boundary is a disputed problem in global stratigraphic research. Lower–Middle Triassic strata of different types, from platform to basin facies, are well developed in Southwest China. This is favorable for the study of the Olenekian–Anisian boundary and establishing a stratotype for the Qingyan Stage. Based on research at the Ganheqiao section in Wangmo county and the Qingyan section in Guiyang city, Guizhou province, six conodont zones have been recognized, which can be correlated with those in other regions, in ascending order as follows: 1, Neospathodus cristagalli Interval-Zone; 2, Neospathodus pakistanensis Interval-Zone; 3, Neospathodus waageni Interval-Zone; 4, Neospathodus homeri-N. triangularis Assemblage-Zone; 5, Chiosella timorensis Interval-Zone; and 6, Neogongdolella regalis Range-Zone. An evolutionary series of the Early–Middle Triassic conodont genera Neospathodus-Chiosella-Neogongdolella discovered in the Ganheqiao and Qingyan sections has an intermediate type named Neospathodus qingyanensis that appears between Neospathodus homeri and Chiosella timorensis in the upper part of the Neospathodus homeri-N. triangularis Zone, showing an excellent evolutionary relationship of conodonts near the Lower–Middle Triassic boundary. The Lower–Middle Triassic boundary is located at 1.5 m below the top of the Ziyun Formation, where Chiosella timorensis Zone first appears in the Qingyan section, whereas this boundary is located 0.5 m below the top of the Ziyun Formation, where Chiosella timorensis Zone first appears in the Ganheqiao section. There exists one nearly 6-m thick vitric tuff bed at the bottom of the Xinyuan Formation in the Ganheqiao section, which is usually regarded as a lithologic symbol of the Lower–Middle Triassic boundary in South China. Based on the analysis of high-precision and high-sensitivity Secondary Ion Mass Spectrum data, the zircon age of this tuff has a weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 239.0±2.9Ma (2s), which is a directly measured zircon U-Pb age of the Lower–Middle Triassic boundary. The Ganheqiao section in Wangmo county can therefore provide an excellent section through the Lower–Middle Triassic because it is continuous, the evolution of the conodonts is distinctive and the regionally stable distributed vitric tuff near the Lower–Middle Triassic boundary can be regarded as a regional key isochronal layer. This section can be regarded not only as a standard section for the establishment of the Qingyan Stage in China, but also as a reference section for the GSSP of the Lower–Middle Triassic boundary.     

新疆阿图什温古尔地区二叠纪牙形石动物群

新疆阿图什的温古尔－巴音库鲁提一带二叠系由于化石稀少而且保存不好，地层确切时代仍存在疑问，该区温古尔剖面二叠纪重要牙形石化石Neostreptognathodus pequopensis Behnken,Streptognathodus nashuiensis Zhong et Zhang等的发现为这套地层确切时代的确定提供了重要依据。通过牙形石生物相分析，推断温古尔地区中二叠世早期可能为盆地相较深水沉积环境。     

安徽巢湖平顶山下三叠统牙形石生物地层序列

简要介绍安徽巢湖平顶山下三叠统牙形石生物地层研究的最新成果.对平顶山西坡剖面112.8 m厚的下三叠统地层所采集的286件牙形石样品, 经处理后获得2 870余枚牙形石样本, 经鉴定共有11属51种.这些属分别是Hindeodus, Isarcicella(?), Neogondolella, Neospathodus, Platyvillosus, Cratognathodus, Parachirognathus, Pachycladina, Ellisonia, Aduncodina和Cornudina.牙形石生物地层从老到新可划分为9个牙形石带: (1)Hindeodus typicalis- Neogondolella planata带; (2)Neogondolella krystyni带; (3)Neospathodus kummeli带; (4)Neospathodus dieneri带; (5)Neospathodus n. sp. C- Neospathodus n.sp. D带; (6) Neospathodus waageni带; (7)Neospathodus n.sp. M带; (8)Neospathodus eotriangularis带; (9) Neospathodus abruptus- Neospathodus homeri带.牙形石的组合面貌基本可与国内外其他地区牙形石带相对比.但其中牙形石(2), (3), (5), (7), (8)带为巢湖地区首次建立.在下三叠统菊石带控制下所建立的连续的牙形石分带对全球的三叠系阶的对比具有十分重要的意义. 关键词: 牙形石; 牙形石生物地层; 下三叠统; 安徽巢湖.      

Hybrid Sedimentation in Late Permian-Early Triassic in Western Sichuan Basin,China

Mixed carbonate-siliciclastic sedimentation is common in the Upper Permian-Lower Tri-assic in the western Sichuan(四川) basin.The extensional movement was strong in the Late Permian,resulting in differential uplifting of fault blocks.During this period,there was an extensive retrogres-sion.The Kangdian(康滇) ancient land progressive uplifted and enlarged,forming the major prove-nance of terrigenous clastics.In Changxingian age,mixed terrigenous-carbonate sedimentation was dis-tributed in the area between Dafeis...     

四川盆地东北部晚二叠世-早三叠世白云岩与同期海水锶同位素组成的对比研究

在四川盆地东北部14条野外剖面和地下钻井的二叠系长兴组、三叠系飞仙关组和嘉陵江组石灰岩和白云岩岩石学研究的基础上,对其中189个不同类型的碳酸盐样品(包括代表海水的石灰岩样品和在不同成岩阶段形成的各种白云岩样品)进行了锶同位素组成和相应的MgO、CaO和Mn、Sr元素分析,获得了系统的晚二叠-早三叠世海水的锶同位素组成数据并建立了相应演化曲线.在此基础上,对不同地层组/段和不同类型白云岩的锶同位素组成与同期海水锶同位素组成进行了对照研究,取得了如下主要认识:(1)川东北晚二叠-早三叠世白云岩的锶同位素组成与同期海水具有类似的演化趋势,结合白云岩的低锰、高锶特征,说明白云化流体与海水存在显著的亲缘关系,与铝硅酸盐地层无关;(2)白云岩的锶同位素组成与同期海水存在差别,各地层组/段白云岩的87Sr/86Sr比值都不同程度地高于同期海水,但从下往上,即从长兴组、飞2+3段、嘉2段到嘉4段,这种差值逐渐缩小,嘉4段白云岩的锶同位素组成已和同期海水基本一致;(3)川东北长兴组、飞2+3段白云岩形成的时间显著晚于同层石灰岩,白云化流体为时间上更晚的海源流体,但嘉2、嘉4段白云岩的形成时间仅略晚于同层石灰岩,白云化流体来源于非常近同期的蒸发浓缩的高Mg/Ca比值海水,一些嘉4段的白云岩的白云化流体就是同期海水,因而这些白云岩是同生或准同生的;(4)如果把白云化的时间看作白云岩的形成时间,则违背地层叠置原理是川东北长兴组和飞仙关组结晶白云岩的主要特征之一,其形成机制可用非同期海源流体的隐伏回流-对流模式来解释,嘉陵江组白云岩形成机制可用活跃回流-萨布哈模式来解释.白云岩和代表同期海水的石灰岩锶同位素组成的对比为解决白云化流体与海水之间的时间关系提供一种新的研究途径.     

西南地区晚三叠世卡尼期牙形石研究进展

我国西南地区海相中-上三叠统沉积记录良好,但晚三叠世卡尼期牙形石生物地层划分和对比研究较为薄弱.通过对云南省罗平县和贵州省贞丰县、关岭县等地4条剖面的杨柳井组、竹杆坡组以及瓦窑组进行高精度的牙形石采样,以及牙形石生物地层学和系统分类学研究,共描述牙形石3属23种.结合前人研究材料,由下至上共建立了8个牙形石带,分别为:Paragondolella foliata带,Quadralella polygnathiformis带,Quadralella tadpole带,Quadralella praelindae带,Quadralella aff.auriformis带,Quadralella robusta带,Quadralella noah带和Quadralella ex gr.carpathica带.以此为基础,对西南地区卡尼期地层进行区域内和跨大区的对比和划分研究以及对牙形石分子演化规律进行探讨.      

内蒙古林西地区晚二叠世-早三叠世孢粉组合及三叠系的发现

内蒙古林西县官地剖面二叠系林西组第五段灰色、深灰色板岩中发现了大量孢粉化石,经鉴定计有54属90种,以蕨类植物孢子和裸子植物花粉为主,见有较多晚二叠世的常见分子,根据其与邻区的孢粉生物地层对比,确定林西组第五段时代为晚二叠世晚期.该剖面林西组第六段中发现有孢粉化石9属9种,其孢粉组成成分呈现出早三叠世孢粉组合特征,其时代应为早三叠世.由于林西组第六段岩性特征也发生变化,出现了紫灰色的粉砂质板岩夹层,且见有少量火山角砾.与下伏典型的林西组在岩性上有较大的差别,而与区域上下三叠统老龙头组相似.综合岩性特征、古生物化石特征、古气候特征及与邻区对比,将原划为林西组第六段的地层改划为下三叠统老龙头组.三叠系/二叠系界线划在林西组第五段与老龙头组之间.      

Conodont Biostratigraphy of the Middle Cambrian through Lowermost Ordovician in Hunan, South China

Since 1985, samples with a total weight of more than 14,000 kg, mainly from three key sections in western and northwestern Hunan, South China, have been processed for conodonts. In strata older than the late Late Cambrian paraconodonts have proved useful for stratigraphic subdivision and correlation. Thirteen conodont zones are proposed in the Middle Cambrian through lowermost Ordovician. The correlation between these zones and those of North China, western U. S.A., western Newfoundland, Canada, and Iran is discussed. In ascending order, these 13 zones are as follows: The Gapparodus bisulcatus-Westergaardodina brevidens Zone, Shandongodus priscus-Hunanognathus tricuspidatus Zone, Westergaardodina quadrata Zone, Westergaardodina matsushitai-W. grandidens Zone, Westergaardodina lui-W. am Zone, Westergaardodina cf. calix-Prooneotodus rotundatus Zone, Proconodontus tenuiserratus Zone, Proconodontus Zone, Eoconodontus Zone, Cordylodus proavus Zone, Cordylodus intermedius Zone, Cordylodus lindstromi Zone, and     

湘鄂西部地区晚奥陶世三叶虫相和古地理演化

对湘鄂西地区 8个晚奥陶世剖面的 3个时段 (Caradoc中期 ,晚期及 Ashgill早期 )地层作了详细采集 ,获得了丰富的三叶虫材料 ,根据动物群的组成、分异度和各组成分子的相对丰度 ,识别出外陆棚—棚外深水区的 9种三叶虫相 ,它们在时空分布上具有逐渐过渡更替的特征。根据水中浮游类型三叶虫 (圆尾虫类 )的分异度、相对丰度以及与它们共生的底栖三叶虫生态特征 ,对各种三叶虫相所指示的水体深度作了推测。三叶虫相研究表明 ,区内Caradoc中期处于海侵高峰 ,古地理样式显示了以拉张为主的区域构造背景 ;Caradoc晚期开始发生持续海退 ,同时扬子陆块南缘受到构造挤压 ,广大外陆棚区地形变得起伏不平。晚奥陶世古地理变迁证明华夏和扬子陆块的会聚事件始于 Caradoc晚期     

华南石炭纪岩关-大塘界线期牙形石地层分带

系统采集不同沉积相区和连续沉积的剖面,即浅海台地相广西柳江龙殿山剖面、台缘缓坡相云南施甸鱼硐剖面和台内盆地相广西柳州碰冲剖面,运用数理统计方法,研究了华南岩关—大塘界线过渡期牙形石的产出丰度和相分布,在恢复生物演化序列的基础上,对各剖面首先详细分带,再进一步综合成系统的5个牙形石带,即Gnathodustypicus-G.cuneiformis带、Gnathodustypicus-Protognathoduscordiformis带、Scaliognathusanchoralis-Gnathoduspseu-dosemiglaber带、Gnathoduspraebilineatus带和Paragnathodushomopunctatus带。以生物系统发生为标准,严格限定各带的界线,并与北美、西欧同期地层进行精确对比,为建立杜内阶—维宪阶界线的全球层型(GSSP)提供可靠依据。     

安徽巢湖地区下三叠统牙形石生物地层分带及其全球对比

安徽巢湖地区早三叠世处于下扬子碳酸盐岩缓坡较深水区域,地层序列完整、清晰,各类化石是区域乃至全球最为丰富、序列最为完整的,是研究国际早三叠世年代地层最经典地区之一．对安徽巢湖平顶山西坡剖面、平顶山北坡剖面、马家山南剖面系统采样和精细的牙形石生物地层研究结果表明,下三叠统至少可以划分为8个牙形石带,建立了在华南具有代表性的下三叠统牙形石生物地层序列,自下而上为（1）Hindeodus typicalis带;（2）Neogondolella krystyni-Neogondolella planata带;（3）Neospathodus kummeli带;（4）Neospathodus dieneri带;（5）Neospathodus iaageni带;（6）Neospathodus pingdingshanensis带;（7）Neospathodus homeri带;（8）Neospathodus anhuinensis带．并与世界其他地区同期地层进行精确对比,为建立下三叠统印度阶与奥伦尼克阶界线的全球层型（GSSP）提供可靠依据．     

南盘江盆地晚二叠世-早三叠世三叉裂谷系统的厘定

南盘江盆地因其特殊的大地构造背景,历来是国内外学者关注的焦点,在晚海西-印支期经历了复杂的构造演化过程,在地层中留下了丰富的可直接反映沉积盆地形成、演化和岩石圈动力特征的沉积作用、构造作用、岩浆活动和成矿作用过程的地质记录,成为探索古大陆边缘地质、认识和揭示环太平洋构造域和特提斯构造域关系的关键地区之一。"三叉"裂谷系统是指:在巨大的岩石圈穹窿上沿大致成120°交角的三支三叉裂谷系统的演化辐射状破裂发育形成的裂谷系。南盘江盆地三叉裂谷系统的北支为走向南北的乐运-乐园裂谷,另外两条是:其中向西的一条裂谷走向近东西向,经隆林县城南部向西逐渐转变为北东-南西向;向东的一条走向主要为南东-北西,主要沿田林-百色断裂向南东延伸。     

Occurrence of Organic Matter in Calcimicrobialites across Permian–Triassic Boundary in Huayingshan Region, Sichuan, South China

Calcimicrobialites across the Permian-Triassic boundary in Huayingshan region were investigated using the fluorescence microscopic measurements to understand the occurrence of organic matter. The microbialites are composed of micrite matrix and coarse spar cement. Abundant rhombic or magnetic needle-like carbonate minerals were observed adrift within the cement. The fluorescence microscopic measurement indicates the micrite matrix in microbialites shows the most abundant organic matter, with the rhombic or magnetic needle-like carbonate minerals and coarse spar cement coming to the 2nd and the 3rd, respectively. Organic matter is mainly preserved in the space between the grains of the micrite minerals but almost evenly distributed in the rhombic or magnetic needle-like carbonate minerals. As one of the common diagenesis types, dolomitization is observed to occur in the microbialites in Huayingshan. However, the carbonate cement in microbialites still has high content of element Sr as shown by the microprobe analysis, reflecting that the dolomitization might have happened in a restricted environment. Observation under the fluorescence microscope shows that dolomitization just led to the redistribution of organic matter in the grain space of dolomite minerals, inferring that the diagenesis has a slight effect on the preservation, and thus on the content of organic matter in the microbialites.     

岐口凹陷新近系生物-遗迹相及环境解释

岐口凹陷新近系包括明化镇组和馆陶组.通过新近系中的孢粉、介形虫和遗迹组构的系统研究, 识别出孢粉53个属种, 并建立了两个孢粉组合, 分别为Magnastites (粗肋孢) -Ulmus (榆粉) -Taxodiaceae pollenites (杉粉) 组合和Polygonaceae-Chenopodiaceae组合; 发现介形虫12个属种, 介形类以金星介科分子为主, 少数湖花介科分子, 以壳形单一、壳壁薄、表面光滑的类型为主, 表现了典型的非海相淡水介形类面貌; 划分出4种遗迹组构类型, 分别为Scoyenia遗迹组构、Skolithos遗迹组构、Palaeophycus遗迹组构和强扰动组构.在此基础上, 探索了生物与环境的关系, 划分了A、B、C、D、E5种生物-遗迹相带, 分别代表泛滥平原、蓄水注地或泛滥平原小型湖、河道及水下分流河道边部、滨浅湖和前三角洲沉积环境.