同位素填图与深部物质探测(Ⅱ)：揭示地壳三维架构与区域成矿规律

地球深部是大规模成矿作用的“驱动机”、“供应源”和“传输带”。深入揭示深部物质组成与分布、物质循环与能量转换、三维架构与动力过程,对理解成矿作用至关重要。岩浆岩“探针”及区域同位素(如全岩Nd、锆石Hf)填图是探索深部物质组成与演化过程的主要手段,可以探测地壳深部物质组成的三维架构,揭示新生地壳/古老地壳/再造地壳的空间分布与时空演变,从而为提升区域成矿规律认识提供深部物质制约证据,有助于成矿潜力的定量半定量评价及其区域成矿预测。文章重点总结和探讨了岩浆岩全岩Nd同位素和锆石Hf同位素区域填图在解决地壳三维架构与成矿规律方面的应用成果,深入探讨了巨量岩浆岩发育的深部驱动机制及其成矿制约,对比总结了不同类型造山带(如中亚增生造山带、青藏高原碰撞造山带、秦岭复合造山带等)和不同克拉通的地壳深部组成结构与成矿制约特色。研究显示：不论是什么造山带和克拉通,深部年轻地壳分布区制约了铜金、铜镍等矿床的形成分布;古老地壳控制了大型钼矿、铅锌矿、稀有金属等矿产;两者过渡地带常常发育铁矿等。这些研究不仅揭示了区域成矿规律,而且对成矿预测与成矿潜力评价有潜在的应用价值,有可能成为成矿规律研究特别是深部物质探测及成矿背景研究的新方向。     

同位素填图与深部物质探测(Ⅰ):揭示岩石圈组成演变与地壳生长

固体地球科学的一个重要任务是探测地球深部过程与不同圈层协同演变。深部物质探测、地球物理结构探测和深钻一起构成深部探测的三大途径。岩浆岩“探针”及区域同位素(如全岩Nd、锆石Hf)示踪填图是深部物质探测的主要手段,可以用来揭示深部物质组成特征及时空变化,确定不同类型地壳省,划分大地构造边界,估算大陆地壳生长量、方式,分析区域成矿规律。这一技术广泛应用后,有望实现深部结构探测与物质探测结合,开展深部物质填图。中国大陆是深部物质探测的良好实验室,需要解决的重大问题包括：多块体拼合的岩石圈及陆壳深部物质组成架构,不同类型造山带地壳生长与深部物质组成结构,不同构造单元深部物质组成与成矿作用及其浅部成矿制约。文中重点总结和探讨了岩浆岩全岩Sr-Nd同位素和锆石Lu-Hf同位素区域填图以及捕获锆石信息填图的思路、方法和注意的问题,以及可以解决的重大地质问题,并探索性提出今后开展的重点研究方向。     

试析地幔来源物质成矿域——以中亚造山带为例

文章总结了大量的Sr,Nd,S,Pb多元同位素资料，据此认为，中亚造山带的铜，金多金属矿床与区域花岗岩在形成时代和物质来源上基本吻合，具有一定的继承性，从古生代直至中生代，地幔来源物质参与了成岩成矿作用，即便是钨、锡稀有金属矿床，也受到地幔来源物质的明显影响，从而揭示了地幔来源物质在中亚造山带金属成矿作用的重要意义。     

揭示三维岩石圈物质架构的技术方法体系框架

长期以来，岩石圈深部探测主要依赖地球物理手段和深部钻探，缺乏深部物质探测技术。对深部物质的了解也主要局限于两种途径：一类是地球物理推测方法，依据地表获得的深部岩石的物性测定，解释或推测深部物质的某些特征；另一类是捕虏体方法(Xenolith- based methodology)，直接获取深部物质信息。本文重点探索的第三种途径，即充分利用地表出露的岩浆岩，通过岩石探针和同位素填图，示踪深部物源(物质)特征。特别是利用大数据分析和数字填图，了解深部物质三维架构及四维演变。在此基础上，总结上述三种途径，构建较完整的以岩石探针和同位素填图为核心的揭示岩石圈三维物质组成架构的方法体系。研究显示，在岩相学研究的基础上，通过系统开展Sr、Nd、Hf、Pb等多元同位素示踪填图，结合地球物理资料，可有效揭示岩石圈深部物质组成架构。通过中亚增生造山带(北疆)、青藏高原碰撞造山带(冈底斯- 三江)和华北- 扬子克拉通三个典型大地构造单元关键地区的实践，显示多元同位素示踪深部物质的一致性和有效性，以及同位素填图结果与地球物理探测结果的对应性。基于这些成果，笔者初步提出了揭示岩石圈三维物质组成架构的方法体系框架。该方法体系具有良好应用前景，有望成为与地球物理探测相结合和匹配的深部物质架构探测技术，为规范开展深部物质架构探测、物质演变过程及深部动力学过程研究提供技术支撑。     

中亚造山带岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床深部找矿：以红旗岭铜镍矿床为例

为了对中亚造山成矿带东段南缘红旗岭岩浆型铜镍硫化物矿床深部（500～1 000 m）隐伏矿体进行成矿预测,采用高精度重力和2.5维人机交互式反演方法,对含矿性较好的镁铁质—超镁铁质岩体（如#1、#3及新#3岩体）进行底部含矿性研究。结果表明：高精度重力异常开展不同高度上延并结合垂向一阶导数等数据处理,可有效地厘定深部隐伏岩体空间展布;2.5维人机交互式反演方法可以识别深部微弱的矿致异常,推测研究区#3岩体埋深700～1 100 m存在5个脉状盲矿体。经钻探验证,成功发现32 259 t]镍矿（矿石平均品位达0.36%）,其中②号矿体为最厚矿体,见矿深度为700～1 100 m,镍矿平均品位为0.39%,储量达27 433 t。     

克拉通岩石圈三维物质架构示踪方法

克拉通岩石圈三维物质组成架构示踪是当今地球科学研究前沿,面临系列挑战。在对已有相关成果系统梳理的基础上,分别阐述了实现由点到面、由局部到全时空、由单一方法到多学科综合约束3个战略思路转变的基本要点;并以华北克拉通为例,提出了亟待深化的研究领域和未来方向。多种地球物理方法联立约束和综合解释,不仅开拓了岩石圈物质组成研究的新思路,而且有利于获得更可信的结果。逼近实际的岩石圈物质组成架构必须符合岩石探针、岩石圈物性结构、岩石物理性质与矿物及化学组成的测试分析/模拟计算结果等观测事实,并遵循地球化学热力学-地球动力学理论框架;这就需克服单一资料和方法各自的局限性,由单一手段向多方法综合约束转变,实现多学科融合来开展岩石圈物质组成的研究。据此提出“循序渐进、逐步深化”和“反馈修正、不断逼近”的岩石圈物质组成架构的多学科综合示踪研究流程。华北克拉通岩石圈三维物质架构研究的重点在于通过多学科的深度融合,恢复不同时期的构造格架和对应的物质组成,示踪其岩石圈物质架构的演变过程。     

阿尔泰造山带花岗岩时空演变、构造环境及地壳生长意义——以中国阿尔泰为例

阿尔泰造山带横跨中、俄、哈、蒙四国边界,是中亚造山带主要组成部分,发育大量的花岗岩等侵入体。本文研究总结这些岩体的时空演变、成因类型和构造环境,并探讨其增生造山和地壳生长意义。依据锆石年龄,这些岩体可大致分为早中古生代的470～440Ma(中晚奥陶世)和425～360Ma(晚志留世—晚泥盆世)、晚古生代的355～318Ma(早石炭世)和290～270Ma(早二叠世)以及早中生代245～190Ma(中晚三叠世—早侏罗世)3个阶段5个期次,其中425～360Ma花岗岩可进一步细分为425～390Ma和380～360Ma两个峰期。早中古生代(470～360Ma)花岗岩体分布广泛,主要为钙碱性I型,多具不同程度变形,其中470～440Ma岩体变形极强(片麻岩体)。它们为同造山俯冲增生产物,形成于活动陆缘俯冲(470～440Ma)、继续俯冲弧后盆地伸展(420～390Ma)到聚合碰撞(380～360Ma)的过程中。早石炭世岩体发育于造山带南部,为不变形圆形状或不规则状,具典型碱性花岗岩特征,为晚(后)造山产物。早二叠世岩体主要发育于阿尔泰造山带南部,少量分布于造山带内部,多为圆形,不变形,少量变形岩体集中在额尔齐斯构造带内,成因类型以I、A型为特点,伴生有大量基性岩脉(体),显示为后造山底侵伸展环境。早中生代岩体为不变形圆形或不规则状,具有高分异I型和S型花岗岩特征,伴有稀有金属矿产,具有板内环境特点。花岗岩体同位素填图显示,阿尔泰中部块体岩体具有较低的εNd(t)值和老的Nd同位素模式年龄(1～1.3Ga),暗示存在古老地壳基底;由北向南εNd(t)值增高,模式年龄变年轻,显示陆壳向南生长,其中水平和垂向生长率分别为18%～28%和7%～8%。中生代时期阿尔泰造山带保留水平增生结构,没有发生大规模构造块体垂向叠覆。阿尔泰造山带经历了古陆缘构造演化,奥陶纪—志留纪陆缘俯冲,泥盆纪陆弧及陆缘边缘裂解、弧后盆地形成,晚泥盆世最终洋盆闭合及早石炭世各块体拼合的演化过程。该研究表明增生造山带中同样存在构造演化的阶段性;中亚增生造山作用不仅具有弧前增生,而且还存在陆缘裂解再拼合作用。     

复杂造山带地区三维地质填图中深部地质结构的约束方法: 西准噶尔克拉玛依后山地区三维地质填图实践

在地球物理资料稀少、钻孔数据匮乏的复杂造山带地区进行三维地质填图, 目前尚处于实践探索阶段.我们的填图工作思路是: 以精细地表地质调查为基础, 在地质-地球物理-钻孔等多源数据约束下, 充分利用野外走廊带解析剖面、实测自然剖面、地球物理解释剖面等资料, 进行人机交互式三维地质建模, 并根据使用资料的准确性、空间分辨的精细程度等对模型的可靠程度进行分块评价.浅表层以地表地质信息(包括产状、地层层序关系、地层厚度、褶皱形态、断层性质与位移、局部和区域概念地质模型等)约束为主, 深部地质结构则主要依据地球物理剖面资料, 少量钻孔资料不仅用以校验地球物理资料解释的可靠性, 并对模型施加强约束.以西准噶尔克拉玛依后山地区三维地质填图为例, 着重讨论了在三维建模中如何具体实现上述思路和约束方法.实践证明, 该填图思路和建模方法是行之有效的, 可操作性强.      

锆石Hf和全岩Nd同位素填图研究进展:以三江特提斯造山带为例

近年来,区域性的Nd-Hf同位素填图正成为探索岩石圈结构和演化,制约陆块边界位置和壳-幔相互作用以及它们与金属成矿作用耦合关系的重要研究方法。目前的研究主要集中于中国的拉萨地体以及澳大利亚太古宙尤冈克拉通,包括地体地壳性质与空间变化规律、成矿系统约束和区域找矿潜力等方面。本文以三江特提斯造山带为例,使用克里格插值法在MAPGIS平台完成同位素等值线图,基此解析三江地区岩石圈结构以及大规模成矿作用。Nd-Hf同位素填图支持昌宁-孟连缝合带为冈瓦纳和泛华夏古陆的分界。昌宁-孟连缝合带划分了两个εNd(t)同位素明显不同的异常区,缝合带以西表现为古老地壳基地组成,而缝合带以东部表现为较年轻的地体。三江特提斯造山带中不同类型与岩浆岩有关的发矿床大多汇聚在同位素边界处,这些同位素边界可能代表着地体边界或缝合带、岩浆弧。沿金沙江-哀牢山缝合带分布的斑岩型或斑岩-矽卡岩型Cu-(Mo)矿床,具有高εHf(t)正值和较高εNd(t)负值的特征,对应始新世钾质斑岩及有关的矿化。在腾冲-保山地块、义敦岛弧和临沧次地块,具有低εHf(t),低εNd(t)值岩浆岩分布特征,主要形成与过铝质花岗岩型有关的锡-钨矿床。因此,我们认为区域尺度的同位素填图对研究岩石圈结构和演化、解剖壳-幔相互作用机理、解析深部动力学机制和成矿机制、总结区域成矿规律和指导区域成矿潜力具有重要意义。     

徐淮地区中生代深部地壳的物质组成及热状态——深源捕虏体证据

徐淮地区中生代侵入杂岩中含有丰富的深源岩石捕虏体,包括榴辉岩类、单斜辉石岩、角闪岩类和片麻岩类。深源捕虏体的岩相学研究表明,它们经历了早期的榴辉岩相变质和晚期的角闪岩相退化变质,然后被寄主岩浆所捕获。捕虏体中矿物平衡温压估算结果显示,榴辉岩相变质的温压条件为:T=657～992℃,P=1.33～2.78GPa,所反映的地温梯度介于克拉通地温(40mW/m2)和大洋地温(60mW/m2)之间;晚期角闪岩相退变的温压条件为:T=523～878℃,P=0.5～1.02GPa,这与中国东部新生代地温梯度相一致。本区中生代深部地壳主要由一套混杂堆积岩所构成,包括退变榴辉岩、退变石榴辉石岩、角闪岩类和片麻岩类。该区深源捕虏体的P-T演化暗示中生代早期华北地块东部深部地壳和/或岩石圈地幔曾存在一次重要的加厚过程;苏鲁造山带的形成可能是扬子地块沿北西方向俯冲于华北地块之下的产物;中生代郯庐断裂带并不存在巨大左行平移。     

中亚造山带东段岩石圈电性结构特征及其构造涵义

中亚造山带东段内蒙古中部地区一直是地球内部动力学和全球变化研究的热点地区。鉴于该地区的构造在理解中亚造山带的形成过程中起着重要作用,因此对该地区构造的研究具有重要意义。本文收集了中亚造山带东段一条长364 km的大地电磁测深(MT)剖面数据,该剖面西北起于内蒙古东乌旗内的国境线附近,向东南延伸,穿过北部造山带、索伦缝合带、南部造山带,在内蒙古翁牛特旗以西约30 km附近终止。根据数据的分析结果,对该剖面进行了二维反演。结果表明,剖面区段内岩石圈电性结构沿南北方向上整体表现为横向分块的特征。其中,北部造山带整体上以低阻为主要特征;索伦缝合带是整个剖面电性特征从低阻到高阻的过渡区;南部造山带整体上以高阻为主要特征。北部造山带的低阻特征表明该区域是不稳定的,可能是由古亚洲洋闭合后残留洋壳或者软流圈上升流引起的。索伦缝合带的电性结构特征表明该区域可能在缝合之后还发生了新的构造事件。南部造山带的高阻特征表明该区域基底是稳定的、“冷”的,且流体含量很低,电性结构的几何特征反映了该区域增厚的岩石圈。剖面所经过区域的电性结构特征表明,在西伯利亚板块与华北板块碰撞缝合之后研究区内可能还发生了诸如软流圈流...     

中国北方造山带地壳形成时间的Nd同位素制约

Nd同位素模式年龄研究表明，中国北方造山带的地壳具有幕式生长特点，主体地壳形成小于1000Ma。结合中亚造山带其它地区的研究结果，可以认为地质历史上的新元古代-显生宙也是地壳生长的重要时期。     

东昆仑造山带花岗岩及地壳生长

东昆仑造山带是青藏高原内可与冈底斯相媲美的又一条巨型构造岩浆岩带。该带内的花岗岩形成可以划分为4个时段,分别与4个造山旋回相对应：前寒武纪（元古宙）;早古生代;晚古生代—早中生代;晚中生代—新生代。其中,以晚古生代—早中生代（或称华力西—印支旋回）、特别是三叠纪的花岗岩最为发育。东昆仑造山带基底主要形成于古元古代晚期。其早古生代构造-岩浆事件序列与北祁连造山带可以对比,属祁连—东昆仑加里东造山系统的一部分。到晚古生代—早中生代时东昆仑卷入古特提斯构造体制,属于古特提斯造山系统的北缘。华力西—印支是一个完整的造山旋回,与西南“三江”古特提斯的演化历史相似。昆南缝合带是当时中国南北大陆的主要构造分界线。新生代印度—欧亚大陆的碰撞,使东昆仑造山带又卷入了青藏大陆碰撞造山系统,但对东昆仑的影响是一种远程效应。 　　东昆仑造山带大陆地壳主要形成于古元古代晚期,但在显生宙还有新生地壳 （juvenile crust） 产生,与兴蒙、冈底斯、安第斯等造山带相似。东昆仑花岗岩带中丰富的幔源岩浆底侵作用与壳-幔源岩浆混合作用的证据,以及花岗岩类的Nd、Sr同位素成份（87Sr/ 86Sr初始值多数小于0.710;εNd（t ）值变化于－9.2和＋3.6之间）,说明 地幔物质的注入及其与地壳物质的混合,对显生宙地壳的形成演化起着重要作用,是显生宙东昆仑地壳生长的重要方式。根据花岗质寄主岩、镁铁质暗色微粒包体（MME）及底侵辉长岩的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年,东昆仑造山带在显生宙发生过两次大规模的底侵作用与岩浆混合作用,一次在早-中泥盆世（394~403 Ma）,另一次在中三叠世（239～242 Ma）,分别相当于加里东旋回、华力西-印支旋回的俯冲结束/碰撞开始阶段。     

从中亚正εNd值花岗岩看超大陆演化和大陆地壳生长的关系

超大陆演化着重研究超大陆的聚合和裂解、离散,大陆地壳生长着重探索大陆地壳的生长和消亡.长期以来,人们都是如此将两者割裂开来研究的.本文从中亚造山带显生宙花岗岩同劳亚大陆的关系出发,进一步探讨超大陆演化、大陆地壳生长和地幔中俯冲板片雪崩事件(slab avalanche events)三者之间的关系,强调在超大陆形成时伴随大陆地壳急剧生长,在超大陆裂解、离散时大陆地壳的生长和消亡大体上保持平衡.无论超大陆演化或是大陆地壳生长都同地幔对流形式的变化有着密切的联系.     

High-pressure mafic granulites of the South Muya Block (Central Asian Orogenic Belt)

Mineralogical, petrographic, and geochemical studies of mafic granulites of the South Muya Block (Central Asian Orogenic Belt) have been carried out. The granulite protoliths were olivine- and plagioclase- rich cumulates of ultramafic–mafic magmas with geochemical affinities of suprasubduction rocks. The isotope–geochemical characteristics of the granulites indicate the enriched nature of their source, associated with recycling into the mantle of either ancient crust or oceanic sediments, or intracrustal contamination of melts at the basement of the ensialic arc. Formation of garnet-bearing parageneses has occurred during high-pressure granulite metamorphism associated with accretion in the eastern part of the Baikal–Muya composite terrane.     

Lithospheric dripping in a soft collision zone: Insights from late Paleozoic magmatism suites of the eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt

The closure of Paleo-Asian Ocean is considered to have occurred along the Solonker Suture in the southernmost segment of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), the largest Phanerozoic accretionary orogen on the globe. The suture branches to the east to form the northern Hegenshan–Heihe Suture and the southern Solonker–Changchun Suture. The Hegenshan–Heihe Suture is an ideal natural laboratory for studying the post-collisional geodynamic processes operating in a soft collision zone driven by divergent double-sided subduction. Here we report results from an integrated study of the petrology, geochronology, geochemistry, and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic compositions of the Early Carboniferous–Early Permian magmatic suite in the Hailar Basin of the Xing’an–Erguna Block. The Early Carboniferous igneous rocks are represented by 356–349 Ma andesitic tuffs, exhibiting typical subduction-related features, such as enrichment in large-ion lithophile elements and depletion in high-field-strength elements. These features, together with the relatively depleted Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic compositions, constant Nb/Y values, but highly variable Rb/Y and Ba values indicate that these rocks were generated by partial melting of a depleted mantle wedge metasomatized by slab-derived fluids. The Late Carboniferous–Early Permian magmatic suite (317–295 Ma) is characterized by high Sr contents (313–1080 ppm) and low Y contents (5–13 ppm), and these can be subdivided into calc-alkaline adakitic rocks and high-K calc-alkaline adakitic rocks. The calc-alkaline adakitic rocks have higher values of Sr/Y, (Sm/Yb)_{source normalized}, and Mg#, and lower values of Y, Yb_{source normalized}, and K₂O/Na₂O than the high-K calc-alkaline adakitic rocks, which suggests that the former was generated by partial melting of foundered lower continental crust and the latter by partial melting of normal lower continental crust. Based on our new data, in conjunction with those in previous studies, we conclude that the tectonic evolution of the Hegenshan–Heihe Suture involved Early Carboniferous double-sided subduction of the Nenjiang Ocean, latest Early Carboniferous soft collision between the Xing’an–Erguna and Songliao blocks, and Late Carboniferous–Early Permian post-collisional extension. We also propose a new geodynamic scenario in which removal of the lithospheric root might have occurred in a soft collision zone during the post-collision period via repeated and localized lithospheric dripping, which results from combined effects of hydration weakening of the lithosphere caused by pre-collision subduction and asthenospheric stirring triggered by slab break-off.     

Diamonds, Super-Reduced and Crustal Minerals in Chromitites of the Hegenshan and Sartohay Ophiolites, Central Asian Orogenic Belt, China

The Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB)is a huge tectonic mélange that lies between the North China Craton and the Siberian Block.It is composed of multiple orogenic belts,continental fragments,magmatic and metamorphic rocks,suture zones and discontinuous ophiolite belts.Although the Hegenshan and Sartohay ophiolites are separated by nearly 3000 km and lie in completely different parts of the CAOB,they are remarkably similar in many respects.Both are composed mainly of serpentinized peridotite and dunite,with minor gabbro and sparse basalt.They both host significant podiform chromitites that consist of high-Al,refractory magnesiochromite with Cr#s[100Cr/(Cr+Al)]averaging60.The Sartohay ophiolite has a zircon U-Pb age of ca.300 Ma and has been intruded by granitic plutons of similar age,resulting in intense hydrothermal activity and the formation of gold-bearing listwanites.The age of the Hegenshan is not firmly established but is thought to have formed in the Carboniferous.Like many other ophiolites that we have investigated in other orogenic belts,the chromitites in these two bodieshave abundant diamonds,as well as numerous super-reduced and crustal minerals.The diamonds are mostly,colorless to pale yellow,200-300μm across and have euhedral to anhedral shapes.They all have low carbon isotopes(δ14C=-18 to-29)and some have visible inclusions.These are accompanied by numerous super-reduced minerals such as moissanite,native elements(Fe,Cr,Si,Al,Mn),and alloys(e.g.,Ni-Mn-Fe,Ni-Fe-Al,Ni-Mn-Co,Cr-Ni-Fe,Cr-Fe,Cr-Fe-Mn),as well as a wide range of oxides,sulfides and silicates.Grains of zircon are abundant in the chromitites of both ophiolites and range in age from Precambrian to Cretaceous,reflecting both incorporation of old zircons and modification of grains by hydrothermal alteration.Our investigation confirms that high-Al,refractory chromitites in these two ophiolites have the same range of exotic minerals as high-Cr metallurgical chromitites such as those in the Luobusa ophiolite of Tibet.These collections of exotic minerals in ophiolitic chromitites indicate complex,multi-stage recycling of oceanic and continental crustal material at least to the mantle transition zone,followed by uprise and emplacement of the peridotites into relatively shallow ophiolites.     

阿尔泰海西造山带区域变质作用类型与地壳演化

新疆阿尔泰海西造山带主要发育两期区域变质作用.第一期变质作用属于区域低温动力变质作用类型,以形成低绿片岩相矿物组合为特征,变质温度较低,而应力作用较强,是造山作用初期热流活动较弱,构造变形强烈环境下的产物.第二期变质作用属于区域动力热流变质作用类型,以形成典型的递增变质带为特征.这一期代表造山作用主期热流活动强烈,伴随有构造变形和岩浆活动.不同的变质作用类型代表了不同的大地构造环境,记录了造山带的演化历史和动力学过程.     

Intraplate geodynamics and magmatism in the evolution of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt

The Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) was produced as a consequence of the successive closure of the Paleoasian Ocean and the accretion of structures formed within it (island arcs, oceanic islands, and backarc basins) to the Siberian continent. The belt started developing in the latest Late Neoproterozoic, and this process terminated in the latest Permian in response to the collision of the Siberian and North China continents that resulted in closure of the Paleoasian ocean (Metcalfe, 2006; Li et al., 2014; Liu et al., 2009; Xiao et al., 2010; Didenko et al., 2010). Throughout the whole evolutionary history of this Orogenic Belt, a leading role in its evolution was played by convergent processes. Along with these processes, an important contribution to the evolution of the composition and structure of the crust in the belt was made by deep geodynamic processes related to the activity of mantle plumes.Indicator complexes of the activity of mantle plumes are identified, and their major distribution patterns in CAOB structures are determined. A number of epochs and areas of intraplate magmatism are distinguished, including the Neoproterozoic one (Rodinia breakup and the origin of alkaline rock belt in the marginal part of the Siberian craton); Neoproterozoic–Early Cambrian (origin of oceanic islands in the Paleoasian Ocean); Late Cambrian–Early Ordovician (origin of LIP within the region of Early Caledonian structures in CAOB); Middle Paleozoic (origin of LIP in the Altai–Sayan rift system); Late Paleozoic–Early Mesozoic (origin of the Tarim flood-basalt province, Central Asian rift system, and a number of related zonal magmatic areas); Late Mesozoic–Cenozoic (origin of continental volcanic areas in Central Asia).Geochemical and isotopic characteristics are determined for magmatic complexes that are indicator complexes for areas of intraplate magmatism of various age, and their major evolutionary trends are discussed. Available data indicate that mantle plumes practically did not cease to affect crustal growth and transformations in CAOB in relation to the migration of the Siberian continent throughout the whole time span when the belt was formed above a cluster of hotspots, which is compared with the African superplume.