试论红色岩溶概念及其科学价值

岩溶地貌在全球广泛分布,造就了丰富多彩的地貌形态及自然景观。在我国湘黔鄂渝交界区存在着极具观赏性的特殊岩溶地貌,其形态特征有别于常见的岩溶地貌。但当前对这套特殊岩溶地貌的名称及其地学价值尚未深入探讨。该类型地貌具有四个基本特点:红颜色、层状凹凸形态、泥质灰岩的成景岩性、土下环境差异溶蚀成因。在对比分析它与红色系地貌、已认识的岩溶形态、常见岩溶地貌的差异性基础上,文章采用“外观特征”+“地貌类型”的命名原则将它命名为“红色层状凹凸岩溶地貌”,简称“红色岩溶”,并提出其科学定义及界定标准。红色岩溶具有重要的地学价值,其极具观赏性的独一无二形态使得红色岩溶具有重要的旅游经济价值。      

桂林晚白垩世红色岩溶建造中溶积钙质泥岩的成因及地质意义初探

本文从土壤学的角度,探讨桂林晚白垩世红色岩溶建造中溶积钙质泥岩的成因及其所反映的岩溶环境和岩溶发育特征。通过溶积钙质泥岩与石灰土两者特征的比较,论证前者为古溶蚀残余成土作用的产物,经沉积-堆积再固结而成。并通过两者形成条件及演化过程的分析,推论桂林在晚白垩世时期主要为炎热多雨的气候环境,岩溶发育,地貌组合形态以峰丛洼地为主。      

安徽省铜陵地区岩溶地面塌陷发育现状

本文以铜陵地区为研究对象,阐述该区域岩溶地面塌陷的发育现状,分析其成因和类型,研究岩溶地面塌陷的平面形态特征、剖面形态特征,叙述岩溶地面塌陷的危害性     

龙门山塘坝子葛仙山碳酸盐岩外来体的岩溶形态特征和成因

塘坝子葛仙山碳酸盐岩外来体中各种岩溶形态十分丰富。通过对岩溶形态特征的总结和岩溶与地层、构造关系的分析,讨论了外来体的成因,认为外来体是构造作用形成的飞来峰。     

龙门山塘坝子葛仙山碳酸盐岩外来体的岩溶形态特征和成因(续)

塘坝子葛仙山碳酸盐岩外来体中各种岩溶形态十分丰富。通过对岩溶形态特征的总结和岩溶与地层、构造关系的分析,讨论了外来体的成因,认为外来体是构造作用形成的飞来峰。     

苏州岩溶型高岭土矿床的成因及成矿模式

苏州高岭土矿床主要成因特征为：矿化围岩为粘土岩及中，酸性火山岩；矿体的形态及展布受印支风化剥蚀面，岩溶侵蚀起伏面及断裂交汇部，岩溶洞穴的形态等控制；矿石兼具热兴蚀变和岩溶地下水淋滤沉积改造的特点；成矿温度一般低于３５０℃，矿石的氢氧同位素组成反映风化淋滤改造特征明显；矿化蚀变具分带性。依据苏州高岭土的成因特征及其与碳酸盐岩关系密切的成因机制，建立了苏州岩溶型高岭土矿床的理想模式。     

塔河油田奥陶系岩溶储层垂向带发育特征及其识别标准

岩溶储层在垂向上的分带性是岩溶在垂向上发育不均匀的客观表现。根据现代岩溶理论,通过对大量测井资料的统计分析,按照岩溶缝洞系统发育强弱及地下水运动方式、岩溶作用方式,将岩溶储层垂向上划分为表层岩溶带、垂向渗滤溶蚀带、径流溶蚀带、潜流溶蚀带等四个岩溶发育带,并建立了塔河油田奥陶系岩溶储层垂向带划分的测井响应与岩溶成因组合指标体系。测井响应指标包括自然伽玛、电阻率、井径等;岩溶成因指标包括地下水径流方式、岩溶作用类型、充填特征和岩溶个体形态等。根据岩溶储层垂向带划分标准,对塔河油田奥陶系岩溶储层垂向带发育特征进行了统计分析,并对不同地貌区岩溶储层的垂向带发育特征进行分析。分析认为:表层岩溶带以大中型溶蚀孔洞为主,测井显示为高伽玛,低电阻;半充填(或未充填)时测井表现为低伽玛,低电阻;垂向渗滤溶蚀带以高角度溶缝和小型溶蚀孔洞为特征,测井显示为低伽玛,高电阻;径流溶蚀带多发育大型溶洞,测井显示为高伽玛,低电阻;潜流溶蚀带岩溶弱发育,测井显示为低伽玛,高电阻。     

贵州高原岩溶台地红色风化壳的物源辨析

贵州高原岩溶台地上广泛分布着相对均一(通常3～5ｍ)的红色风化壳,是中国南方红色风化壳的重要组成部分。但对岩溶台地红色风化壳的成因及其物源长期存在争议。作者最近在黔西、黔中、黔北和黔东等地选取了数十个岩溶台地垄岗之上红色风化壳剖面,运用矿物学、地球化学等方法,首次系统研究了它们的物质来源及成因,认为它们与下伏基岩有明显的继承性,是碳酸盐岩中酸不溶物原地风化残积的产物。碳酸盐岩红色风化壳往往没有明显的半风化过渡带,剖面主体由成分均一的全风化土层构成,仅在土层之下有数厘米到十多厘米厚的碳酸盐岩岩粉层出现,岩-土界面清晰、突变。但一些风化壳中偶尔可见原岩中的风化残余物,如花     

鲁中南岩溶分区初步研究

依据山东省中南部地质、气候环境的差异,划分岩溶区、亚区及岩溶系统。对岩溶区域的岩溶形态,由宏观到微观,由地表到地下,由溶蚀形态特征到堆积形态特征进行了详细论述。该区岩溶形态丰富多彩,既有代表半干旱岩溶区特征的干谷、大泉、常态山含石灰岩角砾的坡麓堆积的组合,也有代表半湿润岩溶区特征的溶丘、溶沟田、溶蚀洼地、地下河、洞内指向流纹、天锅、边槽及红壤土等的组合。     

广东省英德市城南社区岩溶塌陷发育特征及成因分析CSCD

以广东省英德市英城街道城南社区地面塌陷为研究对象,在系统收集研究区及周边区域地质环境条件、历史灾情、水位监测等资料的基础上,通过地面调查、物探、钻探等技术手段,查明研究区岩溶塌陷发育特征,分析岩溶塌陷的主要成因。结果表明:(1)研究区内塌陷坑单体规模以小型为主,少量为中、大型;共连续发生31处岩溶塌陷,影响面积0.6 km^(2),岩溶塌陷地质灾害规模为特大型。塌陷坑平面形态以圆形、椭圆形为主,剖面形态以圆柱状为主。(2)研究区岩溶塌陷主要受地质构造、覆盖土层、水文地质、大气降雨及人类活动等因素影响,综合分析认为,地质构造、覆盖土层与水文地质条件为主导因素,大气降雨和人类活动为诱发因素。(3)综合以上分析,可将研究区岩溶塌陷总结为“傍河型隐伏岩溶区地面塌陷模式”,在对河道附近岩溶塌陷成因研究中,可首先考虑河道水位涨落及人类抽水、排水的影响因素,再结合实际情况考虑其他影响因素,此规律可为后期针对河道附近岩溶塌陷的研究提供参考。     

Study on Jinan urban construction planning based on the protection of karst landscape

Study on urban construction planning based on karst landscape protection contributes to sustainable development of urban construction in karst area. Jinan is a city famous for karst spring water. Karst landscape plays a decisive role in urban construction. Through hydrogeological analysis, the distribution characteristics of karst mountain, cave, gully and flat dam in Jinan are analyzed. It is revealed that various karst landforms are involved in the spring circulation process to varying degrees. Some karst landforms have been destroyed in the process of urban construction and the karst landscape has been overexploited resulting in the direct or indirect weakening of spring water recharge and infiltration capacity and the decrease of spring water flow. Through the study of the principle of organic combination of karst landscape and urban construction planning, on the basis of protecting the ecological environment of the south, paying attention to the overall protection of the karst geomorphology system and the principle of accessibility of the karst landscape, the development countermeasures guided by urban planning are put forward based on karst landforms protection. On the basis of fully considering the special karst landform conditions in Jinan, the countermeasures are that the ecological control red line of urban construction planning should be set up based on karst mountains and valleys in southern of Jinan City. It is suggested that the bare carbonate rock continuous mountain foot line in the direct recharge area should be taken as the south control red line of urban development and included in the overall planning. The urban landscape is mainly displayed in the main axis based on karst mountains and springs, constructing East-West Axis-characteristic Landscape Belt along the Wufeng Mountain-Langmao Mountain-Hero Mountain-Qianfo Mountain-Long cave-Panlong cave-Jinping Mountain line and North-South Axis Landscape Belt along the Baotu Spring- Qianfo Mountain line, Baiquan-Panlong cave line, Baimai spring-Dajian Mountain line. Based on the karst river valleys and the river system, the urban spatial pattern is constructed, forming ecological corridor, restoring infiltration function of river. The form of urban construction should be shaped based on karst landform and the river system. The main form is semi-star like radiation type and the combination of central intensive type and zonal type. Based on the whole protection of karst geomorphology system and the scientific molding of karst landscape, the ecological landscape city with the symbiosis of spring and urban can be built.     

晚新生代青藏高原岩溶地貌及其演化

本文在野外考察的基础上并参照洞穴次生方解石的年代资料和有关文献,指出青藏高原目前所见到的岩溶地貌主要是第三纪古岩溶地下部分经后期剥蚀形成的。更新世间冰期至少在高原南部,湿热型岩溶地貌过程得以延续;更新世冰期在灰岩山地冰川槽谷的边缘,冰川融水作用亦可发育小型洞穴。现代灰岩表面一些深度在十数cm以下的平行溶沟则形成于全新世。晚新生代以来青藏高原岩溶地貌经历了一个从低海拔到高海拔、从较低纬度到较高纬度的三维演化过程。     

桂林峰林平原、峰丛洼地残留中生代地层空间展布形成机制探讨

文章探讨了桂林峰林平原、峰丛洼地内中生代地层空间展布及形成机制,为查清桂林岩溶地貌发育演化过程提供参考.在前人研究基础上,通过调查地层、地貌的空间展布特征,结合区内构造发展史、岩相古地理环境变化及岩溶水文地貌过程等要素,对桂林峰林平原、峰丛洼地内中生代地层空间展布特征、形成机制,进行归纳总结与分析,认为:三叠纪地层和白...     

湘桂走廊地貌发育特征的地学意义及形成机制研究

为了探讨湘桂走廊内岩溶发育特征、水文地貌学意义及区内峰林平原形成原因,文章通过实地调查区内地貌形态、岩性以及地貌类型的空间展布特征,运用岩溶水文地貌学理论探讨区内水文地貌的形成与演化.根据区内地貌形态的空间展布特征,分析认为区内水系经历一次反向袭夺过程;区内地貌演变受到越城岭、海洋山两个隆起的影响,平原面积变小,湘江向...     

徐州废黄河断裂带对岩溶塌陷的控制作用

徐州城区是岩溶塌陷地质灾害危害严重的区域,已发生的塌陷均展布在废黄河断裂带内,有明显的规律性,为断裂带地下水富集区过量抽水所造成。研究表明,废黄河断裂带内岩溶发育,发育有向上开口的溶洞和裂隙,断裂带沟通了不同时代的含水层,形成了地下水强径流带或富集带;地堑式断裂带构成的负地形形成了晚更新世和全新世古河道,古河道区域形成"单一透水型盖层"和"透-阻型盖层",使黄河泛滥沉积的砂性土直接覆盖在岩溶含水层上,为过量抽水发生岩溶塌陷提供了重要水动力条件。因此,废黄河断裂带及其伴生断裂控制了岩溶塌陷的形成条件,特别是岩溶发育强度、岩溶水文地质结构和地下水富集规律。     

兴文侵蚀型天坑的形成演化过程研究

According to the first-hand investigation and study on Xingwen Global Geopark,the results and the data show that apart from Dayanwan and Xiaoyanwan collapsed karst Tiankeng,there are other karst landforms in Bowang Mount scenic spot such as Feiwu Cave,Dao Cave,Cangshuiyan Gorge,Nanxing TanKeng and so on.These typical karst landforms could be regarded as different vestiges of erosive karst Tiankeng of Xingwen Global Geopark,which stand for the evolutional processes of erosive karst Tiankeng separately.Moreover,the evolutional processes of erosive karst Tiankeng could be divided into the following continuous processes:an erosive karst Tiankeng develops from the processes of eroding and dissolving & extending of silo Sinkhole,and subsequently degrades to a large gorge or doline.It is worth pointing out that except for erosion of flowing water,at the same time,collapse effect has been playing extremely important role in the forming processes of these special erosive landforms.     

鄂西南岩溶地貌遗迹类型与特征分析

岩溶地貌是整个鄂西南地区综合价值最高、数量最丰富、可代表全区地质遗迹典型特色的地质遗迹类型,具有重要保护与开发利用价值。基于全省重要地质遗迹调查项目,按照地质遗迹调查标准有关要求,通过对前人成果系统收集整理并开展补充调查,筛选汇总鄂西南全区重要岩溶地貌地质遗迹25处。本文将岩溶地质遗迹分为地表类型、过渡类型、地下类型三种类型,结合典型地质遗迹点对岩溶地貌的形态特征和成因进行分析,为鄂西南地区地质旅游产业高质量发展提供依据。     

Development and morphometry of sinkholes in coastal plains of Apulia, southern Italy. Preliminary sinkhole susceptibility assessment

Evolution of coastlines in karst areas may be strongly controlled by dissolution processes which favour the development of surface and subsurface landforms. The generation of caves in these environments is commonly favoured by the mixing between fresh and brackish waters. The sinkholes resulting from the upward propagation of the caves may interfere with the anthropogenic environment and cause damage to human elements (property and activities). To highlight the often underestimated importance of karst phenomena in coastal areas, we have analyzed a coastal stretch of Apulia, in southern Italy. The study area, covering an extension of about 6 km², is situated in the Ionian coast, and presents several interesting karst landforms that are generally connected to caves. Tens of sinkholes were mapped through field surveys, multi-year aerial-photographs (dating back to the 1940s) and archival research. We have performed a morphometric analysis of the sinkholes. The analysis describes the main parameters of the sinkholes (area, length, width, and depth), and the control exerted by the main discontinuity systems in the area. The detrimental effects derived from interaction between human environment and these karst landforms is also under consideration. A sinkhole susceptibility map, which may provide useful information for planners, developers and the insurance industry has eventually been produced through application of a decision tree model.     

基于数字高程模型的中国岩溶地貌研究进展及前景分析

数字高程模型（DEM）蕴含丰富的地形地貌信息,基于DEM的数字地形分析方法为岩溶地貌研究提供了科学、有效的技术手段。文章针对前人应用DEM研究中国岩溶地貌所涉及的关键技术方法,从岩溶地貌识别的尺度效应、岩溶地貌的识别与分类、岩溶地貌的形态及格局分析、岩溶区生态环境变化等方面进行了梳理和分析,提出未来应构建科学的岩溶地貌数字分类体系,对岩溶地貌进行多尺度、深层次的地形分析和定量表达,并从地形现状研究拓展到地形演变的过程与机理研究,发掘出DEM在岩溶地貌研究中更多的应用。