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铜资源现状与发展态势分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
进入21世纪以来,全球矿业走出低谷,步入了新一轮矿业繁荣周期.铜作为一种重要矿种,在过去的十多年里,经历了空前的繁荣,铜矿勘查开发投入屡创新高,国际铜价在中国、印度等新兴经济体强劲需求的带动下,走向高位,甚至出现了过度金融化倾向,价格泡沫化严重.中国国内铜储量严重不足,对外依存度高达70%,外加国际铜价虚高,对中国贯彻落实“立足国内,充分利用国内国外两种资源市场”的战略方针提出了严峻挑战.文章较为系统地总结了全球铜资源的总体发展态势以及中国铜资源的基本现状和特点,并对未来十年中国铜资源的供需形势进行了预测,提出应立足国内,以地质找矿新机制为核心,加大后续勘探开发投入力度,将近十年来地质大调查查明的铜资源储量转换为铜储量,提升资源保证程度.同时,针对国际铜价出现的重大转变,应充分利用市场机制实现国家和铜产业利益的最大化. 相似文献
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铜是中国最为紧缺的大宗有色金属矿产。核算中国铜资源在用存量水平,定量化评估二次资源供应潜力,对于缓解铜资源供应压力、保障资源与产业安全具有重要意义。本文通过物质流分析法,构建了铜在用存量分析模型,估算了中国铜在用存量水平,精细刻画了铜全产业链物质流动过程,预测未来到2050年中国铜需求量和理论报废量变化趋势,评估铜资源循环利用潜力。结果显示, 1949—2021年,中国铜消费量、矿山铜产量、粗铜产量、精炼铜产量、废铜产量、铜在用存量等都保持增长状态;铜消费量累计1.9亿t,矿山铜产量累计3583.6万t,粗铜产量累计8824.1万t,精炼铜产量累计约1.4亿t,废铜产量累计约7187.5万t,铜在用存量达到约1.4亿t;通过高效的国际贸易体系,累计净进口铜精矿4325.9万t、粗铜1 010.9万t、精炼铜5 445.5万t、废铜2 978.8万t,累计净出口铜制品2 352.5万t。中国在全球铜产业链具有举足轻重的地位。2022—2050年,中国铜累计需求量约3.6亿t,铜在用存量将快速提升,峰值将在2035年左右出现,达到约2.0亿t;铜二次资源供应潜力累计约3.4亿t,供应潜力峰... 相似文献
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世界钴矿资源及其研究进展述评 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文概述了当前世界钴资源状况,钴矿床分类及国内外钴矿床勘查与研究的最新进展,全球钴资源丰富,但分布较为集中,沉积型砂岩容矿的铜钴矿床和含钴的岩浆岩型硫化铜镍矿床是两个最重要的钴矿床类型。尽管钴多数以铜-镍、铜、铁等矿床的伴生金属产出,国外的研究也主要集中在层控铜钴矿床之上,中国近几年却在华北地台北缘东段、西部 中央造山带、赣西地区等陆续发现了一些不同元素组合,不同成因类型且为独立的或以钴为主的钴矿床,钴矿床勘查的重大突破既对开拓钴矿床成矿学研究具有重要理论意义,也为弥补国内钴资源长期供应不足具有重要现实意义。 相似文献
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锂作为全球重要的新兴关键性矿产之一,被中国、美国、日本、欧盟等世界各主要经济体列为战略性或关键矿产,各主要经济体愈加重视锂资源安全供应。为全面了解全球锂资源特征,剖析市场发展态势,全面梳理了全球锂资源主要成矿类型、分布特征、成矿时代和典型成矿区带情况,结合主要国家锂资源市场态势,分析了全球锂资源供需格局和价格走势,并就保障中国锂资源供应安全提出建议。总体来看,全球锂资源丰富,但分布和供需高度集中。当前,随着全球新能源产业的蓬勃发展,锂资源供给和需求快速增长,国际贸易量和价格稳步上升;为缓解供应紧张局面,全球锂资源开发项目众多,锂矿勘查投入逐年增加。中国作为全球第一大锂资源消费国,国内锂资源供给不足,对外依存度高达67%,仍存在锂资源市场产业链不完善、金融体系薄弱、企业国际竞争力较弱等问题。研究结果为全面了解全球锂资源特征和市场发展态势提供重要参考,对勘查投资具有一定指导意义。 相似文献
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Development and Utilization of the World’s and China’s Bulk Mineral Resources and their Supply and Demand Situation in the Next Twenty Years 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Bulk mineral resources of iron ores, copper ores, bauxite, lead ores, zinc ores and potassium salt play a pivotal role on the world’s and China’s economic development. This study analyzed and predicted their resources base and potential, development and utilization and their world’s and China’s supply and demand situation in the future 20 years. The supply and demand of these six bulk mineral products are generally balanced, with a slight surplus, which will guarantee the stability of the international mineral commodity market supply. The six mineral resources(especially iron ores and copper ores) are abundant and have a great potential, and their development and utilization scale will gradually increase. Till the end of 2014, the reserveproduction ratio of iron, copper, bauxite, lead, zinc ores and potassium salt was 95 years, 42 years, 100 years, 17 years, 37 years and 170 years, respectively. Except lead ores, the other five types all have reserve-production ratio exceeding 20 years, indicative of a high resources guarantee degree. If the utilization of recycled metals is counted in, the supply of the world’s six mineral products will exceed the demand in the future twenty years. In 2015–2035, the supply of iron ores, refined copper, primary aluminum, refined lead, zinc and potassium salt will exceed their demand by 0.4–0.7 billion tons(Gt), 5.0–6.0 million tons(Mt), 1.1–8.9 Mt, 1.0–2.0 Mt, 1.2–2.0 Mt and 4.8–5.6 Mt, respectively. It is predicted that there is no problem with the supply side of bulk mineral products such as iron ores, but local or structural shortage may occur because of geopolitics, monopoly control, resources nationalism and trade friction. Affected by China’s compressed industrialized development model, the demand of iron ores(crude steel), potassium salt, refined lead, refined copper, bauxite(primary aluminum) and zinc will gradually reach their peak in advance. The demand peak of iron ores(crude steel) will reach around 2015, 2016 for potassium salt, 2020 for refined lead, 2021 for bauxite(primary aluminum), 2022 for refined copper and 2023 for zinc. China’s demand for iron ores(crude steel), bauxite(primary aluminum) and zinc in the future 20 years will decline among the world’s demand, while that for refined copper, refined lead and potassium salt will slightly increase. The demand for bulk mineral products still remains high. In 2015–2035, China’s accumulative demand for iron ores(crude steel) will be 20.313 Gt(13.429 Gt), 0.304 Gt for refined copper, 2.466 Gt(0.616 Gt) of bauxite(primary aluminum), 0.102 Gt of refined lead, 0.138 Gt of zinc and 0.157 Gt of potassium salt, and they account for the world’s YOY(YOY) accumulative demand of 35.17%, 51.09%, 48.47%, 46.62%, 43.95% and 21.84%, respectively. This proportion is 49.40%, 102.52%, 87.44%, 105.65%, 93.62% and 106.49% of that in 2014, respectively. From the supply side of China’s bulk mineral resources, it is forecasted that the accumulative supply of primary(mine) mineral products in 2015–2035 is 4.046 Gt of iron ores, 0.591 Gt of copper,1.129 Gt of bauxite, 63.661 Mt of(mine) lead, 0.109 Gt of(mine) zinc and 0.128 Gt of potassium salt, which accounts for 8.82%, 13.92%, 26.67%, 47.09%, 33.04% and 15.56% of the world’s predicted YOY production, respectively. With the rapid increase in the smelting capacity of iron and steel and alumina, the rate of capacity utilization for crude steel, refined copper, alumina, primary aluminum and refined lead in 2014 was 72.13%, 83.63%, 74.45%, 70.76% and 72.22%, respectively. During 2000–2014, the rate of capacity utilization for China’s crude steel and refined copper showed a generally fluctuating decrease, which leads to an insufficient supply of primary mineral products. It is forecasted that the supply insufficiency of iron ores in 2015–2035 is 17.44 Gt, 0.245 Gt of copper in copper concentrates, 1.337 Gt of bauxite, 38.44 Mt of lead in lead concentrates and 29.19 Mt of zinc in zinc concentrates. China has gradually raised the utilization of recycled metals, which has mitigated the insufficient supply of primary metal products to some extent. It is forecasted that in 2015–2035 the accumulative utilization amount of steel scrap(iron ores) is 3.27 Gt(5.08 Gt), 70.312 Mt of recycled copper, 0.2 Gt of recycled aluminum, 48 Mt of recycled lead and 7.7 Mt of recycled zinc. The analysis on the supply and demand situation of China’s bulk mineral resources in 2015–2035 suggests that the supply-demand contradiction for these six types of mineral products will decrease, indicative of a generally declining external dependency. If the use of recycled metal amount is counted in, the external dependency of China’s iron, copper, bauxite, lead, zinc and potassium salt will be 79%, 65%, 26%, 8%, 16% and 18% in 2014, respectively. It is predicted that this external dependency will decrease to 62%, 64%, 20%,-0.93%, 16% and 14% in 2020, respectively, showing an overall decreasing trend. We propose the following suggestions correspondingly.(1) The demand peak of China’s crude steel and potassium salt will reach during 2015–2023 in succession. Mining transformation should be planned and deployed in advance to deal with the arrival of this demand peak.(2) The supply-demand contradiction of China’s bulk mineral resources will mitigate in the future 20 years, and the external dependency will decrease accordingly. It is suggested to adjust the mineral resources management policies according to different minerals and regions, and regulate the exploration and development activities.(3) China should further establish and improve the forced mechanism of resolving the smelting overcapacity of steel, refined copper, primary aluminum, lead and zinc to really achieve the goal of "reducing excess production capacity".(4) In accordance with the national strategic deployment of "One Belt One Road", China should encourage the excess capacity of steel, copper, alumina and primary aluminum enterprises to transfer to those countries or areas with abundant resources, high energy matching degree and relatively excellent infrastructure. Based on the national conditions, mining condition and geopolitics of the resources countries, we will gradually build steel, copper, aluminum and lead-zinc smelting bases, and potash processing and production bases, which will promote the excess capacity to transfer to the overseas orderly.(5) It is proposed to strengthen the planning and management of renewable resources recycling and to construct industrial base of renewable metal recycling.(6) China should promote the comprehensive development and utilization of paragenetic and associated mineral species to further improve the comprehensive utilization of bulk mineral resources. 相似文献
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铂族元素(Platinum group elements,PGEs)作为地壳最稀缺的一类金属元素,是重要的战略性矿产资源,与金一样,具有经济和科技双重的功能。非洲铂族金属矿产资源丰富且高度集中,占世界资源量> 80 %,主要集中在南非和津巴布韦。本文在前人研究基础上,对非洲PGEs矿床主要成矿类型、时空分布特点和开发利用现状进行了总结,研究认为:(1)非洲大型-超大型PGEs矿床成因类型主要为岩浆型,在时空上与世界级铁质-镁铁质大火成岩省(南非布什维尔德和津巴布韦大岩墙)密切相关,可细化分为脉状铜镍硫化物型、整合接触型铜镍硫化物型、脉状铬铁矿型和钒钛磁铁矿型。依据区域构造演化及其所产出的矿化特征,认为以铁质-镁铁质岩有关的岩浆型矿床仍具有较大的找矿潜力。(2)非洲铂族金属矿产勘查开发程度相对较高,近十年是全球勘查资金投入最多的地区,同时也是世界第一大Pt生产地和第二大Pd生产地。从事勘查开发的主要为世界顶级PGEs矿业寡头。(3)非洲是全球一次性铂族金属矿产品主要供应国,主要出口至美国、日本、中国、德国和英国。加强与南非、津巴布韦等国家之间的合作,保障PGEs资源供应的安全对我国尤为重要。 相似文献
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面对百年未有之大变局的复杂国际形势和我国步入高质量发展新阶段对矿产资源的强劲需求形势,重塑我国矿业国际合作竞争新优势是保障我国矿产资源安全的必然选择。本文选取了22个战略性金属矿产,对我国矿业国际合作特征和境外资源分布情况进行了分析,将我国矿业国际合作的发展历程分为探索起步期(2004年以前)、快速增长期(2004~2013年)和转型发展期(2014年至今)。目前,我国矿业国际合作已经实现了规模化发展,以非洲为投资重点地区,多个矿种在全球矿业格局中已占有一席之地,但还存在投资结构可持续性不强、矿业公司竞争力不足等诸多问题。建议加强中国矿业现代化治理能力建设,将国际矿业合作纳入国家总体安全战略统筹规划,并开辟“一带一路”沿线国家资源供应地,重视战略性新兴矿产资源全球提前布局,以实现我国矿产资源安全保障。 相似文献
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从进口集中度、进口来源国稳定性、运输通道风险和进口量占世界比例四个指标入手,构建了海外石油供应风险评价方法,定量评价了2000年至2017年中国海外石油供应风险变化趋势,结果显示,过去17年,中国海外石油供应风险整体呈不断增长趋势。通过分析中国海外石油供应风险不断提高的原因,研判未来中国海外石油供应风险趋势,提出了提高中国石油供应安全的对策建议:一是努力提高核能、太阳能、水电、风能等新能源供应比例,力争到2030年将石油消费量控制在总能源消费的13%以内;二是全力保障中东石油供应安全,持续推进中俄石油资源合作,巩固、提升中亚石油资源供应能力,加强与非洲、东南亚、南美等地的石油合作;三是平衡多渠道来源,到2025年,力争进口来源实现中东1/4,俄罗斯及中亚1/4,美洲1/4,非洲及东南亚等地1/4,真正实现中国石油资源供应安全。 相似文献
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中非铜钴成矿带是世界最大的沉积型铜钴成矿带、全球最大钴矿、第三大铜矿发现区。因铜钴价格持续走高和中资企业持续关注的迫切性,本文对中非铜钴成矿带地质特征、铜钴矿床资源分布规律、权益资源量情况进行分析研究。同时,系统收集研究区学术研究成果、商业数据库、企业年报等数据,分析认为Lufilian弧形构造带是中非铜钴成矿带构造背景,从北向南依次为弧外部褶皱推覆带、穹窿地区、复式向斜带、加丹加高原。地层分为孔德龙古、恩古巴、罗安三个群,地层年龄自<573±5 Ma至879±16 Ma。含矿层位主要是罗安群矿床组,下分R2.1、R2.2、R2.3三个含矿层。矿床类型主要为碳酸盐质巨型角砾岩型、含矿页岩型、含矿砂岩型、含矿基底型铜矿,构成6个铜钴矿集区,具有等间距分布特征,间距为±20 km。截至2021年,研究区探获铜资源量1.91亿t,钴资源量1404万t。以当量铜资源量排序,>100万t的矿床33个,>1000万t级别的矿床7个。共有14个国家55家矿业企业参与铜钴成矿带勘探及开发。我国权益铜钴资源量分别为6467万t、648万t。大于50万t权益铜资源量的企业有洛阳钼业、紫金... 相似文献
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纳米比亚矿产资源丰富,储量巨大,有“战略金属储备库”之称。铀矿储量居世界第五位、金刚石储量居世界第六位,铜、铅、锌、金等资源也较为丰富,在全球矿业投资市场极具吸引力。中纳两国外交关系良好,经贸往来频繁,为我国在非第二大投资国。矿业是纳米比亚经济的三大支柱产业之一,目前约有60余家企业在纳米比亚进行矿业勘查开发活动,包括B2黄金公司等国际矿业公司和中国广核集团有限公司、中国核工业集团有限公司等中资企业,纳米比亚对于中国海外矿业发展布局至关重要。本文系统梳理了纳米比亚主要矿产资源分布、矿床类型、储量等概况及勘查开发现状,从矿业法律法规、税收、外资管理政策及基础设施、人力资源条件等方面对纳米比亚的矿业投资环境进行了系统分析,认为纳米比亚具有丰富的矿产资源以及相对良好的投资环境,但需谨慎评估开发成本、环保政策及汇率变动、土地所有权方面等因素。 相似文献