壁板桩群桩竖直荷载沉降关系的变分法分析

将壁板桩桩身竖向位移用有限级数函数表示,地基土体的荷载位移关系用Mindlin点对点的位移解表示,同时考虑壁板桩桩身剪应力沿其周边以及桩底法向应力沿桩底面分布的不均匀性,采用双重高斯数值积分法将基于变分原理建立的壁板桩群桩体系的总势能展开为简单的矩阵形式方程,并根据最小势能原理得到壁板桩群桩竖直荷载沉降关系的显式解答。与近似三维分析方法计算结果的对比验证了所提出解答的合理性,也展示了其计算速度更快,计算存储量要求更低的优点。     

多层地基中PCC水平荷载桩的数值解

针对目前多层地基中水平荷载桩计算方法存在的问题,提出了一种基于弹性力学理论,根据桩-土应力应变关系,借助于变分原理和最小势能原理导出桩身位移控制方程,利用有限差分法对方程进行解答的方法,并编制了全桩位移和内力计算程序。算例结果表明,该方法分别同试验结果和有限元计算结果吻合较好,较现行地基系数法具有较高的计算精度和计算效率,对现浇混凝土大直径水平荷载管桩（PCC）的设计计算和分析具有一定的指导意义。     

壁板桩承载特性的近似三维分析

为考虑壁板桩矩形横截面的非轴对称性,将桩体沿深度和横截面方向进行三维离散,利用Mindlin方程和静力平衡条件分别建立桩周土体和桩体的位移方程,并由此推导了联立求解壁板桩荷载位移关系的支配方程,分析了壁板桩的承载特性。结果表明,在桩土接触面滑移破坏之前,壁板桩的侧壁摩阻力在横截面上的分布并不是均匀的。壁板桩的长宽比对壁板桩的承载特性也有明显的影响。     

矩形壁板桩群桩竖直承载特性的理论分析

矩形壁板桩不具有圆形桩的轴对称性,因此壁板桩群桩的承载特性及群桩效应不仅受桩间距的影响,而且受桩身截面形状以及群桩布置方式的影响。为分析这些因素,利用Mindlin方程和静力平衡条件建立了求解有无刚性承台时壁板桩群桩的荷载沉降计算方法。分析结果表明,在设计群桩时壁板桩应尽可能沿其纵向布置（即沿壁板桩的长边方向布置）;对于具有常规截面尺寸的壁板桩,桩的对边距应超过2 m,以减小群桩效应。     

基于能量法的轴横向荷载作用下单桩受力变形分析

轴向和横向荷载作用下单桩的受力变形分析是桩基研究的重点内容之一。单桩在水平荷载作用下会产生一定的水平位移与弯矩,而此时作用轴向荷载会使得桩体出现一定的压曲与附加弯矩,以致轴横向荷载作用下的单桩受力变形与单独作用水平荷载或轴向荷载的单桩存在较大的区别。故本文基于能量法,首先分别建立轴横向荷载作用下单桩的受力变形能量方程以及桩周土体能量方程,然后考虑桩土变形协调与一定的桩土相互作用,基于最小势能原理得到单桩变形控制微分方程,并采用幂级数法进行求解,最终得到轴横向荷载作用下单桩受力变形分析的幂级数解答。通过编程计算,将本文方法计算结果与试验结果、数值分析结果、规范法计算结果进行对比分析,验证了本文方法的合理性和可行性。在此基础上,基于本文解答进行了影响参数分析,结果表明:桩体长径比、桩土弹性模量比、桩周土模量深度变化系数均对轴横向受荷单桩的桩身水平位移与最大弯矩值有一定的影响,其中桩周土模量深度变化系数以不小于0.6为宜。     

一种确定导管架平台群桩p-y数据的方法

导管架海洋平台群桩基础的桩头约束是一种弹性约束。针对具有弹性约束桩头的群桩,提出了一种利用非线性地基梁群桩模型,通过迭代计算确定导管架平台群桩p-y数据的方法。该方法首先依据单桩p-y曲线,利用具有弹性约束桩头的群桩模型,计算桩头在总荷载作用下的水平位移;再利用Poulos相互作用系数确定由于群桩相互作用引起的桩头附加水平位移,将总荷载作用下的桩头水平位移与桩头附加水平位移叠加后的结果作为迭代计算的初始桩头水平位移。然后,依据桩头荷载与初始桩头水平位移,通过对单桩p-y数据的标定,确定其修正系数Ym,进而得到与第1次计算对应的群桩p-y数据。在接下来的迭代计算中,利用每次更新后的Ym确定该次计算使用的群桩p-y数据,并据此由群桩计算模型计算桩头位移,通过对单桩p-y数据标定确定相应的Ym,直到第i次与第i-1次计算出的Ym(i)和Ym(i-1)之间相对误差小于允许误差为止。由于该方法考虑群桩效应的p-y数据,且借助具有弹性约束桩头的群桩模型进行分析,从而使计算结果能客观反映具有弹性约束桩头群桩之间的相互作用与变形特性。     

考虑沉桩效应的群桩非线性荷载-沉降解析

考虑沉桩效应对桩周土体力学特性的影响,采用指数函数型荷载传递曲线分别建立了静压桩的桩侧和桩端荷载传递模型。在此基础上,根据群桩加载过程中桩周土体的变形模式,基于荷载传递法描述桩-土界面的非线性行为,采用剪切位移法考虑群桩之间的相互作用,提出了考虑沉桩效应的群桩非线性荷载-沉降混合计算方法。通过开展离心模型试验对该计算方法解答进行了验证,研究了沉桩效应和桩-土界面非线性特征对群桩承载特性的影响。研究结果表明,沉桩效应对桩周土体起到挤密作用,使得桩周土体的强度和刚度增大,从而提高了群桩的承载特性。群桩加载过程中桩-土界面刚度随沉降变形而逐渐减小,使得群桩荷载-沉降曲线呈现出明显的非线性特征。     

水平荷载群桩三维有限元分析研究

利用三维弹性有限元法对水平荷载群桩基础进行了特性分析研究,讨论了桩距、桩数、桩长、桩径和土质等各种因素对群桩基础位移群桩效应的影响,得出了一些有益的结论。     

粉质黏土中沉箱-桩复合基础水平向承载性能试验研究

为进一步研究沉箱-桩复合基础的水平向承载性能,开展粉质黏土中单桩、沉箱-桩复合基础在水平向荷载和竖向及水平向组合荷载作用下的系列试验,对沉箱-桩复合基础的水平荷载与位移关系、桩身弯矩、位移及土抗力分布规律及群桩效应等进行了研究。结果表明,在水平荷载作用下沉箱对桩顶的约束使桩身弯矩分布较桩顶自由情况要更均匀,并能有效地降低桩身弯矩、位移及土抗力,提高了基础水平承载能力;在同时作用有竖向和水平向组合荷载时,沉箱底摩擦力参与抵抗水平力作用、桩顶竖向力也有利于进一步提高基础水平承载力;试验获得了不同桩数、桩顶约束、荷载作用条件下的沉箱-桩复合基础群桩效应系数,对于桩距为6倍桩径的情况,桩与桩之间的相互影响很小。     

考虑桩靴贯入对邻近群桩效应影响的分析方法

为考虑钻井船插桩对邻近平台群桩相互作用的影响,以海洋平台群桩设计中使用的修正Poulos法为基础,提出了一种考虑桩靴贯入影响的群桩分析方法。该法基于非线性地基梁模型确定桩靴贯入土层时单桩桩头位移;依据桩同时承受桩头荷载与土体位移时对应的地基反力系数确定土层的弹性模量,进而在Poulos群桩相互作用分析理论框架内,分析桩靴贯入对群桩相互作用的影响,确定桩靴贯入过程中由于群桩相互作用导致的附加桩头位移及相应的群桩桩头位移;依据群桩桩头位移,确定考虑桩靴贯入影响的群桩p-y曲线Y因子及相应的p-y关系。为了说明分析方法的可行性,进行了桩靴贯入砂土时对邻近单桩和群桩相互作用影响的离心模型试验,方法预测与试验结果基本一致,从而验证了方法的合理性。对于文中的工况,桩靴贯入没有导致群桩p-y关系进一步弱化,此时采用桩靴贯入前的群桩p-y关系确定考虑桩靴贯入影响的群桩响应,得到的结果偏安全。     

Nonlinear analysis of laterally loaded rigid piles in cohesive soil

This article presents a method for the nonlinear analysis of laterally loaded rigid piles in cohesive soil. The method considers the force and the moment equilibrium to derive the system equations for a rigid pile under a lateral eccentric load. The system equations are then solved using an iteration scheme to obtain the response of the pile. The method considers the nonlinear variation of the ultimate lateral soil resistance with depth and uses a new closed‐form expression proposed in this article to determine the lateral bearing factor. The method also considers the horizontal shear resistance at the pile base, and a bilinear relationship between the shear resistance and the displacement is used. For simplicity, the modulus of horizontal subgrade reaction is assumed to be constant with depth, which is applicable to piles in overconsolidated clay. The nonlinearity of the modulus of horizontal subgrade reaction with pile displacement at ground surface is also considered. The validity of the developed method is demonstrated by comparing its results with those of 3D finite element analysis. The applications of the developed method to analyze five field test piles also show good agreement between the predictions and the experimental results. The developed method offers an alternative approach for simple and effective analysis of laterally loaded rigid piles in cohesive soil. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

水平荷载短桩桩土共同作用全过程分析

利用三维有限元、无限元和界面单元相耦合的方法对短桩桩土共同作用全过程进行数值模拟,计算了短桩桩土体系中土体对桩身的抗力分布及桩前土体隆起位移和桩后土体与桩分离大小等,较详细地探讨了短桩桩土共同作用机理.     

Analysis of rectangular piles subjected to lateral loads in nonhomogeneous soil using a Winkler model approach

An analytical approach using a Winkler model based on two lateral soil displacement components in a three‐dimensional soil is investigated to provide analytical solutions of horizontal response of a rectangular pile subjected to lateral loads in nonhomogeneous soil. The two lateral displacement components of a soil surrounding the rectangular pile are represented by the Fourier series of displacement potential functions in the elastic three‐dimensional analysis. The lateral stiffness coefficient of the rectangular pile shaft in nonhomogeneous soil is derived from the rocking stiffness coefficient taking into account rocking rotation of a rigid pile shaft. The relationship between horizontal displacement, rotation, moment, and shear force for the rectangular pile subjected to horizontal loads in nonhomogeneous soil is obtainable in the form of the recurrence equation. The formulation of lateral displacement and rotation for a rectangular pile subjected to lateral loads on the pile base in nonhomogeneous soil is proposed by taking into account Mindlin's equation and the equivalent thickness for soil layers in the equivalent elastic method. The difference of lateral behavior between square and circular piles subjected to lateral loads is insignificant. The effect of aspect ratio of the rectangular pile on the lateral behavior is great for the lower stiffness ratio between pile and soil and the larger length–equivalent diameter ratio. The effect of the value of Poisson's ratio of soil on lateral stiffness coefficient is relatively small except Poisson's ratio close to 0.5. The comparison of the results calculated by the current method for a rectangular pile subjected to lateral loads in nonhomogeneous soil has shown good agreement with those obtained from the analytical methods and the finite element method. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

粘弹性地基中有限长桩横向受迫振动问题解析解

基于动力Winkler模型(BDWF)对粘弹性地基中有限长桩的动力响应进行求解,得到了其在桩顶受水平循环荷载作用下的简单形式的时域解析解。通过迭加原理得到了半正弦激振条件下的瞬态解析解,经过简单的数学运算得到了桩头动力阻抗系数。通过对稳态激振时幅频曲线和相频曲线的分析,讨论了桩侧土阻尼系数和刚度系数对共振频率和共振峰值的影响规律。并讨论了桩底边界条件对水平动力响应的影响。本文为单桩的动力分析提供了一种简单的解析分析方法,可为工程设计提供初步参考。     

破裂井筒侧摩阻力分析

根据有效应力原理,对破裂井筒详细调查,建立由多个含、隔水层组成的厚表土底部固结沉降井壁侧摩阻力的概化模型。指出这类井壁不仅有负阻力,同时还有正阻力及零阻力井段,它们的分布决定了井壁挤压破裂及拉伸的部位。从有效应力的变化阐明了井壁破坏与降水季节的关系      

Nonlinear analysis of laterally loaded rigid piles in cohesionless soil

In this paper, a method is developed for nonlinear analysis of laterally loaded rigid piles in cohesionless soil. The method assumes that both the ultimate soil resistance and the modulus of horizontal subgrade reaction increase linearly with depth. By considering the force and moment equilibrium, the system equations are derived for a rigid pile under a lateral eccentric load. An iteration scheme containing three main steps is then proposed to solve the system equations to obtain the response of the pile. To determine the ultimate soil resistance and the modulus of horizontal subgrade reaction required in the analysis, related expressions are selected by reviewing and assessing the existing methods. The degradation of the modulus of horizontal subgrade reaction with pile displacement at ground surface is also considered. The developed method is validated by comparing its results with those of centrifugal tests and three-dimensional finite element analysis. Applications of the developed method to laboratory model and field test piles also show good agreement between the predictions and the experimental results.     

海上风电桩基水平承载力循环衰减二维简化分析

海上风电的桩基在长期循环荷载作用下会引起承载力的衰减。针对软黏土中水平受荷单桩,通过引入累积塑性应变以考虑土体不排水强度的循环弱化,建立二维有限元数值模拟和简化p-y曲线简化方法,以分析水平循环荷载作用后单桩桩侧侧向抗力的衰减弱化。在小数目循环荷载下简化方法与有限元计算结果比较吻合,在此基础上,采用二维简化分析方法得到长期大数目循环荷载下桩侧水平抗力的衰减规律,发现如荷载幅值与初始极限抗力的比值小于土体灵敏度的倒数,单桩在长期水平循环荷载作用下承载力虽有所衰减,但桩基趋于稳定,不会发生破坏。