DANISH EXPERIENCES IN GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Many organisations are today working at establishing information systems and quite a few exist already. When it comes to geographical information systems (GIS), the geographical reference will soon be solved. All new mapping in Denmark is digital and in 1992–93 the country will have complete coverage. In addition, many public registers are already computerised. A lot of other information sources, like utility networks, are still to be converted. As these developments are in the hands of many different organisations, both private and governmental, this paper will deal with the efforts made to co-ordinate various activities in a strongly competitive world. As there is a distinct difference between large scale and small scale GIS activities, this paper will deal mainly with large scale GIS, as should be the case when considering GIS and photogrammetry.     

INPUT OF PHOTOGRAMMETRIC DATA TO GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Photogrammetric data form a major input to geographical information systems. The evolution of digital output from stereoplotters is traced, from hardwired devices producing co-ordinates or hardcopy to direct links with sophisticated GIS software. The view that the transfer and reformatting processes are simple and straightforward is examined and it is suggested that considerable labelling and structuring of data are necessary before the full power and flexibility of GISs can be harnessed. Hence it is argued that on line database creation by means of stereoplotter/GIS interfaces may not be the most cost effective procedure.     

遥感与城市地理信息系统

本文简述地矿部在城市遥感方面所做过的工作,提出对城市进行现代化的管理,必须采用先进的地理信息系统技术的建议,并简介了地矿部开展该项工作的优势。     

面向对象的虚拟地理资讯平台的设计与实现

本文采用面向对象的技术，探讨了基于VR技术的地理资讯系统的设计平台和体系结构，结合三维场景中对象模型、资源和信息数据，提出了面向对象地理资讯系统平台的解决方案，并在虚拟平台上实现了虚拟校园的规划和设计，以及在虚拟校园中漫游和面向三维对象的查询。     

ISSUES IN THE PLANNING AND ESTABLISHMENT OF A GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM

General issues in the organization of geographic information systems are examined, with some examples pertaining to GIS in agricultural planning and production management. Two initial sections explore both theoretical and practical challenges involved in the development of GIS in the Soviet Union. Then the specifications of a suitable GIS in agriculture are outlined based on principles elaborated earlier, with specific proposals on how to overcome the numerous significant difficulties involved in its implementation. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta, geografiya, 1989, No. 4, pp. 3–10.     

《土地信息系统》课程建设中的教学与科研良性互动

以土地信息系统课程建设的实践,介绍了教学与科研良性互动与课程建设可持续发展之间的关系,探讨了促进教材建设、优化理论教学、强化实践教学、增强学生综合素质之间的关系。     

INTEGRATED DIGITAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS

The paper reviews technological developments since the Second World War and their impact as catalysts in developing the concept of digital information systems. The case for, and progress towards, the establishment of a Geographic Information System for Northern Ireland is discussed together with consideration of the possible implications elsewhere based on the experience gained in Northern Ireland. “There is a tide in the affairs of men which, taken at the flood, leads on to fortune.” Brutus in Julius Caesar, Act IV Scene iii (William Shakespeare)     

基于GIS的区域导游辅助信息系统的建立

论述了采用GIS的空间决策分析方法和常用的空间分析方法来帮助游客进行旅游决策,并以湖北省导游辅助信息系统为例,实现了相关的功能。     

对发展四川省基础地理信息产业的若干思考与建议

本文阐述了发展基础地理信息产业对发展四川省信息产业的重要意义，分析了四川省基础地理信息产业发展的现状，并就发展基础地理倩息产业提出了若干建议．     

COMMON THEMES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CARTOGRAPHY AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS

In a review of one of the fundamental Russian works on geographic information systems, the author provides an interesting glimpse into the development of GIS and GIS training in Russia and other former Soviet republics (most notably, Georgia). Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 1992, No. 3, pp. 171-172.     

旅游地理信息系统的研究

针对当前旅游地理信息系统的发展状况,提出如何在旅游领域拓宽GIS的应用范围并提高其应用水平。介绍了旅游地理信息系统的结构、功能,分析了系统设计中应注意的几个问题,展望了旅游地理信息系统与虚拟现实技术、网络技术等新技术的发展前景。     

预生成思想在地理信息服务中的应用研究

从瓦片地图、栅格索引、公交换乘三方面阐述了预生成思想在地理信息服务中的应用,论证了预生成思想在提高地理信息系统的响应速度方面具有重大的意义。     

PHOTOGRAMMETRY IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

An individual view is provided of the function of the art and science of photogrammetry, over the whole of the history of attempts to make measurements from optical observations. The predominating influence, in past years, of the need for mapping from air photographs is compared with the prospect that increasing demands for similar facilities in close range measurement, for application in fields such as mechanical engineering, medicine and architecture, may soon be seen to give further encouragement to the development of the subject. The author makes use of illustrations from his experience to point out simple cases where the potential of photogrammetric techniques, in the wider sense, has not been appreciated.     

大金湖国家地质公园地理信息系统的设计

介绍了应用地理信息系统技术,对福建大金湖国家地质公园的资源环境信息进行采集、管理和分析,并以图文和声像形式综合展示系统处理信息的结果,使大金湖国家地质公园的管理工作达到科学化、规范化和标准化,为申报世界地质公园提供高水平的技术支持     

A SEMINAR ON GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS

A paper describing the proceedings of a seminar on geographic information systems sponsored jointly by Tartu University and the USSR Academy of Sciences reveals major thrusts of Soviet research in this emerging field. Topics presented in the seminar include basic types of geographic information systems, the roles played by microcomputers and data base management systems in GIS, use of data from topographic maps in GIS, terrain modeling, remote sensing and GIS, GIS development based on Soviet-produced hardware and software, and the application of information systems in the solution of specific resource management problems. Translated from: Izvestiya AN SSSR, seriya geograficheskaya, 1986, No. 1, pp. 136–138.