荔波洞穴鱼类初步研究

荔波县位于贵州南部,地下河及洞穴发育,洞穴水体中鱼类亦很丰富。经过对100个洞穴的考察研究,在地下河中及地下河出、入口处共采集到鱼类标本200余号,经鉴定为37种,其中真洞穴鱼类3种,好洞穴鱼类10种,偶洞栖鱼类24种。真洞穴鱼类特化最高,对洞穴环境的依赖性很强,好洞穴鱼类有一些特化现象。      

贵阳天河潭旱洞硅藻生物多样性与环境初步研究

为了研究喀斯特洞穴硅藻的分布和生物多样性,丰富和积累硅藻研究的基础理论数据,2008年12月对贵阳天河潭旱洞进行了野外考察。经实验室鉴定共发现硅藻7属27种（含变种）,其中包括优势种7种。硅藻商为0,属和种的平均优势度分别为0.113和0.023,香浓维纳多样性指数值分别为2.60和4.43,均匀度均近似等于0.93,硅藻细胞平均密度为1609.36个/cm2。相对地表河流、湖泊(水库)、海洋等环境的硅藻生物多样性来说,天河潭旱洞硅藻生物多样性较高,但硅藻个体较小。硅藻与喀斯特洞穴环境具有很好的相关性,将硅藻作为喀斯特洞穴环境评价与监测的指示生物,具有重要的科学研究价值和理论现实意义。      

白云岩洞穴洞口弱光带的苔藓群落特征——以绥阳水洞为例

白云岩洞穴是喀斯特山区特有的生境之一,其洞口弱光带发育了独特的苔藓植物群落。文章以贵州绥阳县的水洞为例,探讨了白云岩洞穴洞口弱光带的苔藓群落物种组成、类型及生态分布特征。2015年4月到9月对水洞进行三次野外标本采集,共采集60个样方中的苔藓植物,记载了该洞穴典型苔藓群落47个。研究揭示:（1）该洞物种组成丰富,种类由17科34 属55 种组成,是中国已知苔藓物种最丰富的洞穴; (2)生活型单调,仅有四种类型,分别是交织型(47.27%)、矮丛集型(34.55%)、平铺型(9.09%)和高丛集型(9.09%);（3）根据生长基质不同,划分了4种苔藓群落大类型,分别是钙土苔藓群落、白云石生苔藓群落、钙华苔藓群落和水生苔藓群落,该洞钙华沉积不显著,仅有少量比例的钙华苔藓群落;（4）苔藓植物分布在从洞口到洞深37 m范围,随着光照强度从洞口至洞穴深处的变弱,苔藓群落由多物种群落变化为单一物种群落。      

贵州绥阳红果树景区地质遗迹特征及探险、洞穴养生旅游

为了普及绥阳红果树景区旅游科普知识,为其它喀斯特旅游区提供探险、洞穴养生等旅游产品的科普示范,文章通过野外实地考察并结合景区地质背景,阐述了贵州绥阳红果树景区地质遗迹特征,并在此基础上深入研究景区“飞拉达”攀登、SRT（单绳技术）升降、洞穴养生等旅游产品,及其产品开发方式。研究表明,绥阳红果树景区地质遗迹丰富、美观、有特色,具有较高的观赏、旅游及科普价值;开展探险、洞穴养生等旅游产品开发在红果树景区具有较好的可行性,其娱乐性、功能性强,发展潜力较大,绥阳红果树景区的探险、洞穴养生项目可作为其它喀斯特旅游区多元化开发之范本。      

浙江洞穴蜘蛛

本文记述了浙江洞穴蜘蛛１４科１９属３３种,其中无眼弱蛛、太真弱蛛、妙石弱蛛和灵栖弱蛛为真洞穴性蜘蛛。通过对２５个洞穴调查,在石灰岩洞穴采集蜘蛛标本２９种,火山岩洞穴采集１６种。了解到形成两类洞穴蜘蛛种类差异,既涉及洞穴大小、稳定程度,又和洞穴口与外界接圾面积有关。洞穴蜘蛛主要分布于浙西岩溶洞穴带。      

贵州龙洞内动物群落结构和分布与部分环境因子的关系研究

2000年1月至2001年5月对贵州龙洞内的软体动物、节肢动物和脊索动物进行了观察和采集,共获上述3类动物标本577号,隶属7纲15目22科。此外,还研究了光、温度、湿度和CO2等环境因子对洞穴动物群落结构和分布的影响。结果表明,除食物因子外,光、湿度和CO2对洞穴动物群落结构和分布的影响尤为显著。      

中国昆明地区岩溶洞穴洞口带苔藓植物研究

为了研究中国西南岩溶洞穴植物区系与生物多样性特征, 作者曾两次对云南昆明地区12个岩溶洞穴进行了野外考察和苔藓植物标本采集工作。其中含昆明市石灰岩洞穴1个, 石林县石灰岩洞穴5个和宜良县白云岩洞穴6个。根据采自12个岩溶洞穴洞口带的164件苔藓植物标本研究, 本文首次报道昆明地区洞穴苔藓植物10科18属25种。昆明地区洞穴中分布较多的苔藓植物科有丛藓科( Po ttiaceae) 5属8种,凤尾藓科( Fi ssidentaceae ) 1属4种,柳叶藓科( Amblystegiaceae ) 3 属3 种和青藓(Brachytheciaceae ) 2属3种。溶洞中较常见的4种苔藓植物种类是萤光苔类植物光苔Cyathodiumcavernarum Kunze ( 见于6个溶洞中) , 小凤尾藓Fissidens bryoides Hedw ( 见于4个溶洞中) , 橙色净口藓Gymnostonum calcareum Nees et Ho rsch (见于3 个溶洞中)和长叶扭口藓Tortella tortuosa( Hedw ) Limp ( 见于3个溶洞中)。野外观察表明,受洞穴弱光环境生态因子的限制, 昆明地区洞穴苔藓植物主要生长于洞穴洞口0～ 26m带范围内; 2种丛集型藓类植物, 橙色净口藓Gymnostonumcalcareum Nees et Horsch, 和钩喙净口藓G.recurvirost re Hedw 参与洞口带钟乳石或石笋钙华沉积。      

新疆首次发现中志留世放射虫化石

1987年,笔者在西准蛇绿岩队野外考察中,于玛依拉山南坡托里县西南约48km的克尔哈达采集了一套硅质岩样品,从硅质粉砂岩标本(R87-243)中分离出保存完好的放射虫化石13属17种(其中包括3新属9新种)。     

桂西南喀斯特瀑布水生苔藓植物生物多样性与生态沉积类型研究

作者于2005年11月赴桂西南野外考察了14个喀斯特瀑布,共采集245份水生苔藓植物标本和沉积样品。经室内分析研究,该地苔藓植物具有下列生物多样性特征:(1) 苔藓(Bryophytes) 种类多样性由11科19 属36 种 (含变种亚种) 组成, 其中含广西新记录25 种;藓类(Mosses)含8科15属30种,苔类(Liverworts)3科4属6种。(2)生活型多样性含高丛集型(38.89%)、矮丛集型(19.44%)、交织型(27.78%)和平埔型( 13.89%) 4种类型。(3)地理成分多样性含世界分布 ( 13.89%), 北温带分布( 36.11%),热带亚洲分布s( 16.67%),东亚分布 (19.44.11%) 和中国特有(13.89% )等5种成分。(4)苔藓生殖系统多样性由3种类型组成, 其中雌雄异株(Dioecious) 占总数的83.33%, 雌雄同株异苞(Autoecious) 占总数的2.78%, 雌雄同株同苞(Synoecious)的种类仅占总数的13.89%。根据桂西南喀斯特瀑布沉积的环境和生物组成特征, 可把生态沉积类型划分为:溪流瀑华, 河流瀑华, 石灰华坝和洞穴钙华4种沉积类型及12种生物沉积亚类型。     

贵州和尚洞不同光带内软体动物、节肢动物和脊索动物的多样性及分布研究

对贵州和尚洞内的软体动物、节肢动物和脊索动物进行了观察和采集,共获标本350号,隶属3门5纲13目19科。研究了不同光带内洞穴动物的多样性。结果表明,洞内物种丰富,多样性和均匀度指数最高均在有光带,其指数分别为3. 5511、2. 2964和0. 7799;优势度指数在黑暗带最高( 0. 3756); 相似性指数最高在弱光带与黑暗带之间( 0. 6338)。此外,还对洞穴动物的分布进行了分析。      

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861