共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Considering its area, Portugal is one of the world's richest countries in mineral and spring waters. There are 33 different types of bottled water, 18 of which are classified as natural mineral water and the remaining as spring water. The majority of these waters are of low mineralisation in comparison to most European bottled waters. 相似文献
2.
主成分分析在地质样品分类与浓度预测中的应用研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
用主成分分析方法研究地质样品的X荧光光谱强度与浓度的关系,对未知样分类并预测样品浓度。对标准化后的数据计算各样品的主成分得分,根据得分分布图可快速分类样品。对训练样品作主成分回归分析,建立降维的主成分回归模型,用主元回归预测各组分浓度,效果好于多元回归分析方法。 相似文献
3.
基于主成分分析和因子分析的宁夏水资源承载力研究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
为了探求宁夏水资源承载力状况,利用主成分分析法和因子分析法,在分析宁夏2004~2014年水资源承载力状况的基础上,对宁夏5市2013年水资源承载力分水资源支持力、社会经济技术水平和社会生活水平3个方面进行综合考虑,得到宁夏5市的水资源利用状况指数和分级标准。具体得到以下几个结论:(1)2004~2014年间,宁夏水资源承载力仅在2005~2006年有所波动,其余年份两种方法结果一致,11年间保持稳定上升;(2)对于宁夏5市2013年水资源承载力状况,主成分分析结果由大到小排序为吴忠市、银川市、石嘴山市、固原市和中卫市,因子分析结果由大到小排序为吴忠市、银川市、固原市、石嘴山市和中卫市;(3)建立宁夏5市水资源承载力状况分级阈值,主成分分析下吴忠市和银川市的水资源利用状况高,石嘴山市的水资源利用状况中等,固原市和中卫市的水资源利用状况低;因子分析下吴忠市和银川市的水资源利用状况高,其余3市水资源利用状况都较低。 相似文献
4.
Y. Zee Ma 《Mathematical Geosciences》2011,43(4):401-419
Both statistical methods and artificial neural network (ANN) have been used for lithology or facies clustering. ANN, in particular,
has increasingly gained popularity for clustering of categorical variables as well as for predictions of continuous variables.
In this article, we discuss several counter examples that show deficiencies of these techniques when used for automatic lithofacies
clustering. Our examples show that the lithofacies clustered by ANN alone or ANN in combination with principal component analysis
(PCA), as commonly used, are highly inconsistent with the benchmark charts based on laboratory results. We propose several
techniques to overcome these problems and improve the clustering of lithofacies, including (1) classification of lithofacies
using the minor or intermediate principal component(s), (2) rotation of a principal component before using ANN for clustering,
(3) cascading two or more PCAs and ANNs for clustering lithofacies or electrofacies, and (4) classifying lithofacies with
demarcated stratigraphic reference classes. 相似文献
5.
南堡凹陷中浅层火成岩类型多、非均质性强,利用单一技术方法难以有效刻画火成岩和砂岩储层的空间分布,制约了中浅层砂岩油气藏的勘探开发。在岩石物理交会分析基础上,利用对岩性响应敏感的纵波阻抗、伽马、泊松比和甜点4类地震属性和PCA主组分降维技术,对玄武岩、蚀变火成岩、砂岩、泥岩四类岩性进行了有效的区分,利用创新的井控综合解释技术获得了最终岩性体数据,达到在复杂岩性背景下准确识别砂岩储层的目的。结果表明,地震预测与实钻情况吻合程度较高,达到87.1%,预测的火成岩与砂岩分布特征与区域地质认识相匹配,为研究区滚动开发和开发调整提供了有力技术支撑。 相似文献
6.
Mansour A. Al-Garni 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2017,10(15):337
A new approach is proposed to interpret magnetic anomalies caused by isolated thin dike-like causative targets. The approach is essentially based on utilizing artificial neural network (ANN) inversion for estimating the problem parameters. Particularly, the modular neural network (MNN) is used for the inversion process in order to quantitatively interpret the magnetic anomalies. The MNN inversion has been first tested on a synthetic data with and without random white Gaussian noise. The effect of random noise has been clearly investigated where it showed that the approach provided satisfactory results. Furthermore, three field examples have been inverted in order to investigate the applicability of the proposed approach. The results showed good agreement with the techniques that have been stated in the literatures. 相似文献
7.
8.
青藏高原水系众多,水文站点稀疏,观测资料匮乏,通过水文分区可以将相似流域归为一类,实现其有限测站水文资料向无资料区移用以及达到站网优化设置的目标。以雅鲁藏布江流域(以下简称雅江)为研究对象,利用气象资料和反映下垫面条件的土地利用和地形等物理因子,采用主成分分析、K-Means聚类分析等方法对雅江进行水文分区研究。研究中,根据气候和地形的垂直特征,将雅江划分为5个水文分区,分别为高寒荒漠区、高原温带河谷区、高原峡谷稀林区、高原冰川雨雪区和亚热带山地多雨区,并阐述了各分区的特征。最后,采用斯米尔诺夫检验的方法,选取具有长序列水文资料的站点进行检验,论证了分区结果的合理性。此项成果可为雅江无资料流域水文预测提供依据。 相似文献
9.
Richard A. Reyment 《Mathematical Geology》2004,36(5):629-638
The occurrence of cryptic polyphenism (variation in morphological properties within a single species) in ammonites is used to exemplify the application of the multivariate set of techniques known in analytical chemistry as cross-validation to quantify and isolate deviating specimens (ecomorphs) in a genetically homogeneous sample. A byproduct of the analysis bears on a method of identifying redundant variables. A species of Nigerian Turonian (Cretaceous) ammonites of the genus Thomasites is used in the exemplification. 相似文献
10.
Kernel Principal Component Analysis for Efficient,Differentiable Parameterization of Multipoint Geostatistics 总被引:1,自引:5,他引:1
This paper describes a novel approach for creating an efficient, general, and differentiable parameterization of large-scale
non-Gaussian, non-stationary random fields (represented by multipoint geostatistics) that is capable of reproducing complex
geological structures such as channels. Such parameterizations are appropriate for use with gradient-based algorithms applied
to, for example, history-matching or uncertainty propagation. It is known that the standard Karhunen–Loeve (K–L) expansion,
also called linear principal component analysis or PCA, can be used as a differentiable parameterization of input random fields
defining the geological model. The standard K–L model is, however, limited in two respects. It requires an eigen-decomposition
of the covariance matrix of the random field, which is prohibitively expensive for large models. In addition, it preserves
only the two-point statistics of a random field, which is insufficient for reproducing complex structures.
In this work, kernel PCA is applied to address the limitations associated with the standard K–L expansion. Although widely
used in machine learning applications, it does not appear to have found any application for geological model parameterization.
With kernel PCA, an eigen-decomposition of a small matrix called the kernel matrix is performed instead of the full covariance
matrix. The method is much more efficient than the standard K–L procedure. Through use of higher order polynomial kernels,
which implicitly define a high-dimensionality feature space, kernel PCA further enables the preservation of high-order statistics
of the random field, instead of just two-point statistics as in the K–L method. The kernel PCA eigen-decomposition proceeds
using a set of realizations created by geostatistical simulation (honoring two-point or multipoint statistics) rather than
the analytical covariance function. We demonstrate that kernel PCA is capable of generating differentiable parameterizations
that reproduce the essential features of complex geological structures represented by multipoint geostatistics. The kernel
PCA representation is then applied to history match a water flooding problem. This example demonstrates that kernel PCA can
be used with gradient-based history matching to provide models that match production history while maintaining multipoint
geostatistics consistent with the underlying training image. 相似文献
11.
岩性识别是致密砂砾岩测井评价的重要工作。砂砾岩岩性多样、成分复杂,导致测井识别岩性准确率低、测井解释孔隙度不准确。以东营凹陷北部陡坡带沙四下亚段致密砂砾岩为例,在对其岩石学特征分析的基础上,按照岩石类型和骨架矿物差异给砂砾岩分类,利用铸体薄片资料对测井曲线进行岩性标定,提取各种岩性的测井响应特征,在此基础上建立了基于主成分分析的测井岩性识别方法,并分岩性建立了孔隙度测井评价模型,提高了砂砾岩测井岩性识别和测井孔隙度计算的准确率。 相似文献
12.
基于层次聚类法和主成分分析法的铜陵市大气降尘污染元素来源解析研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本文采用层次聚类法和主成分分析法对有色金属矿山城市-铜陵市的大气降尘中污染元素,主要是重金属元素的来源进行了识别,并分析了各来源所占的比例。结果显示,铜陵市大气降尘中污染物主要来源于冶金和采矿,其次为燃煤、交通和土壤扬尘等,其贡献率分别为冶金源+采矿源43.29%,燃煤源32.23%,交通源和土壤源10.53%,其他源13.94%。因此,优先控制冶金尘、采矿尘和燃煤尘,可以有效降低铜陵市大气降尘中污染元素的含量。 相似文献
13.
提高地震数据的信噪比是地震资料处理的重要目标之一。传统的地震去噪方法虽然可以有效压制随机噪声,但对非高斯分布的异常值噪声压制效果欠佳。本研究展示了一种基于稳健主成分分析的地震数据异常值噪声压制方法。该方法在频率-空间域通过对地震数据实施稳健低秩近似来求取理想无噪声数据。在目标函数构建方面,采用核范数最小化模型求取理想的低秩近似数据,并使用l1范数最小化模型来估计异常值噪声。此外,运用增广拉格朗日乘子法求解该反演问题。最后,模型数据和实际资料的去噪结果验证了本研究方法的有效性,与传统F-XY域预测滤波法去噪结果进行对比,也显示本研究方法在有效压制异常值噪声的同时能更好地保护有效波能量。 相似文献
14.
主成分分析法在地下水质量评价中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《地下水》2015,(6)
在水质评价应用中,采用主成分分析法(PCA),将多因子纳入同一系统进行定量化研究,基于MATLAB软件编程[1],对德阳市平原区地下水进行综合质量评价,并与模糊数学评价结果对比分析,结果表明,前6个主成分携带的信息达到85.73%,再分析这6个新的综合指标,确定研究区水质问题主要为总硬度及总溶解固体(TDS)超标,地下水质量最好为绵竹市水样点SY14,水质最差为旌阳区水样点SY58,该结果符合实际监测情况;选用主成分分析方法,结合模糊数学的计算而划分的地下水分级标准,能较好的体现区内地下水质量。 相似文献
15.
为利用多光谱遥感数据提取蚀变异常信息, 在分析蚀变矿物的先进星载热发射和反射辐射仪(advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer, ASTER)和影像短波近红外(visible and near IR-short wave-length IR, VNIR-SWIR)谱带的特征光谱曲线的基础上, 对传统的主成分分析法进行了改进, 利用特征导向主成分分析法对辽宁兴城地区进行矿物蚀变信息提取, 成功的对该地区内的褐铁矿(Fe3+)、绿泥石(Mg-OH基团矿物)和高岭石(Al-OH基团矿物)进行了蚀变异常信息提取.通过实践验证和研究区地质资料表明, 特征导向主成分分析法能够有效地提取蚀变信息并识别研究区内主要矿物, 可以为该区的成矿预测工作提供一定的依据. 相似文献
16.
Textural identification of basaltic rock mass using image processing and neural network 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Naresh Singh T. N. Singh Avyaktanand Tiwary Kripa M. Sarkar 《Computational Geosciences》2010,14(2):301-310
A new approach to identify the texture based on image processing of thin sections of different basalt rock samples is proposed
here. This methodology uses RGB or grayscale image of thin section of rock sample as an input and extracts 27 numerical parameters.
A multilayer perceptron neural network takes as input these parameters and provides, as output, the estimated class of texture
of rock. For this purpose, we have use 300 different thin sections and extract 27 parameters from each one to train the neural
network, which identifies the texture of input image according to previously defined classification. To test the methodology,
90 images (30 in each section) from different thin sections of different areas are used. This methodology has shown 92.22%
accuracy to automatically identify the textures of basaltic rock using digitized image of thin sections of 140 rock samples.
Therefore, present technique is further promising in geosciences and can be used to identify the texture of rock fast and
accurate. 相似文献
17.
18.
19.
数字图像技术在岩石细观力学研究中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
岩石内部的细观组成和结构决定了其在外力作用下的应力-应变状态,进而控制了其宏观力学响应和破坏机制。数字图像处理技术作为一种材料细观尺度上的空间结构精确测量和数字表述手段,已广泛应用于土、岩石及混凝土的细观结构定量分析中。应用数字图像处理进行的岩石细观力学研究是对岩石力学研究方法的革新。现阶段主要研究内容包括:岩石裂隙隙宽的非接触测量,数字表述岩石结构的非均匀性,进行岩石细观力学行为分析,将提取的岩石数字特征值与相应的岩石物性结合以实现岩石流-固耦合研究,建立基于数字图像技术的岩石细观力学数值模拟方法。在研究相关文献的基础上,对数字图像技术在岩石细观力学定量研究中的成果进行客观评述,探讨各种方法的优缺点,分析展望数字图像技术在岩石细观研究领域中的应用前景。 相似文献