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(一)静态破碎剂静态破碎剂又称胀裂剂、膨胀破碎剂、无声破碎剂等,简称静破剂,是80年代初国外研制成功的一种新型的破碎岩石、混凝土等介质的材料。 1、静态破碎剂破岩机理静破剂是以特殊硅酸盐、氧化钙为主要原料,配有其他有机、无机添加剂而制成的灰白色粉沫。以氧化钙为主要膨胀源,它与适量的水渗合后,产生 相似文献
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利用分子模拟软件Materials Studio(MS)建立了一定温度、压力条件下,考虑含水煤层、泡沫压裂液起泡剂、稳泡剂相互作用的狭缝孔分子模拟模型。基于分子扩散理论计算并评价了分别在常见的4种起泡剂以及4种稳泡剂影响下的甲烷分子扩散能力大小。结果表明,与原始含水煤层相比,加入起泡剂十二烷基磺酸钠、十二烷基硫酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠和甜菜碱后,甲烷自扩散系数分别降低了71.3%、74.7%、56.3%和54.0%。相比于仅加入起泡剂(十二烷基苯磺酸钠)的情况下,加入稳泡剂聚丙烯酰胺、聚乙烯醇、聚乙二醇和羧甲基纤维素后,甲烷自扩散系数分别降低了63.2%、57.9%、55.3%和71.1%。据此可知,起泡剂是降低含水煤层中甲烷扩散能力的主要因素,而稳泡剂的使用会进一步降低甲烷扩散能力。在起泡剂和稳泡剂的共同影响下,甲烷自扩散系数降低超过了80%,这对煤层气产出极为不利。建议在保证泡沫压裂液泡沫性能前提下,通过优化起泡剂分子结构、减少用量以减小起泡剂和稳泡剂对甲烷扩散的影响,并尽量避免使用大分子稳泡剂。 相似文献
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采用丙烯酸(AC)和丙烯酰胺(AM)为原料,通过水溶液聚合法制得了降失水剂。用制备得到的降失水剂和其他处理剂作为有机改性剂,采用混炼挤压法制备得到多功能复合剂。用多功能复合剂配制钻井液,研究了其粘度、降失水等性能。结果表明,采用多功能复合剂配制的钻井液,在粘度、滤失量和页岩膨胀降低率方面都有明显改善。多功能复合剂顺利地完成了多个地区野外现场试验,证明其具有较强的抑制性能,较好的悬浮性,适用于水敏性和破碎地层。介绍了该多功能复合剂的性能及试验效果。 相似文献
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耐酸高强度改性树脂堵剂的室内评价 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
堵水和酸化连作技术是一种综合了堵水和酸化优势的集成技术,针对堵水和酸化连作技术中对堵剂性能的特殊要求,研制了一种以树脂产品为主体的堵剂,对影响堵剂固化性能的主要因素如尿素与甲醛配比、温度、固化剂加量、水加量、增塑剂加量、速控剂加量分别进行了研究,并对堵剂的耐温、耐盐和耐酸性能进行了测定.采用不同浓度的酸液与堵剂进行的配伍性实验结果表明,树脂堵剂与酸液之间的配伍性较好.岩芯模拟实验结果表明堵水和酸化连作工艺具有很强的改善产液剖面的能力. 相似文献
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阐述了改性聚乙烯醇胶水的制备工艺,并以此作彩粒成型剂,应用羟乙基纤维素———膨润土复合增稠剂作抗沉剂和稳定剂,与苯丙乳液等成膜剂、无机颜料等制成无毒、阻燃的水性多彩涂料。 相似文献
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屏蔽暂堵剂优选的新方法 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
为了在钻井过程中更有效地利用屏蔽暂堵技术保护所钻油气储层不受损害 ,提出一种优选暂堵剂的新方法。新方法认为 ,暂堵剂作为矿研体 ,其粒度分布在一定范围内具有分形特征 ,可以用分维数定量地描述粒度空间分布的复杂情况 ,这样在考虑暂堵剂粒度平均尺寸与储层砂岩孔隙平均尺寸相匹配的前提下 ,进一步选择粒度分布分维数与储层砂岩孔隙尺寸分布分维数相近的暂堵剂 ,作为优选的暂堵剂。文中给出了测定和计算分维数的具体方法。室内渗透率恢复试验结果表明 ,按新方法选择的暂堵剂对储层砂岩起到了较理想的保护效果。 相似文献
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Lawrence B. Conyers 《Geoarchaeology》2000,15(8):799-817
Analysis of continuous core and drill cuttings from drill holes was compared and correlated to data obtained from bore hole geophysical logs to obtain subsurface stratigraphic information at the Lime Creek Paleoindian site, southern Nebraska. The analysis of these bore holes indicated that sedimentary layers and a significant buried soil horizon could be correlated throughout the preserved terrace fill at the site. Geophysical information obtained in well bores in 1993 was compared to lithologic and radiocarbon data from recent core holes and then integrated with archaeological profiles and artifacts collected between 1947 and 1950. A paleotopographic analysis of the soil horizon where the majority of the artifacts were discovered was then made. This ancient living surface was found to have developed on the banks of an abandoned channel, now deeply buried, that ran parallel to modern Lime Creek about 10,000 B.P. Paleoindian people likely camped on the banks of this channel, protected from cold northerly winds by a large bluff to the north of the site. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
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苍峄铁矿带苍山县沟西西官庄矿区沟西矿段,又称凤凰山铁矿,为隐伏的鞍山式低品位铁矿,矿区水文地质条件属于中等型。对施工的主井、副井、进风井、东风井和西风井井筒检查孔进行了水文地质编录和分层抽水试验,以主井井筒检查孔为例,划分了4层含水段,求得了各含水层的水文地质参数,对荒径涌水量进行了预测;基本查明了井筒检查孔的含水性等水文地质特征,确定了注浆段,为矿山立井防治水方案提供了设计依据。 相似文献
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文章以滨海新区北塘施工的第四系钻孔岩芯为研究对象,通过沉积岩石学、AMS~(14)C测年及微体生物特征综合分析,详细研究了晚更新世晚期以来该区地层的岩性特征、沉积相及其空间分布形态,认为本区晚更新世以来发育了一套海相—陆相—海相—陆相交互沉积的地层,成因类型包括冲积、湖沼沉积以及海积;晚更新世以来的沉积环境由滨海近岸浅海至河口湾、潟湖、滨海平原再至冲积平原的演变,总体上该区晚更新世晚期以来属于海陆交互作用及海进—海退的演变过程。 相似文献
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施工期间人工挖孔桩桩间土稳定性分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为预防人工挖孔桩窜孔,探讨了桩间土失稳机制,分析了桩间土失稳时的位移特征,建立了桩间土稳定性分析的力学模型,推导了桩间土稳定系数及安全桩净距的计算公式,提出了窜孔防治措施建议。结果表明,桩间土失稳时,滑动土体位移平行于桩心连线,其宽度等于两桩桩径较小值;桩间土稳定系数与滑动土体宽度及埋深成反比,与桩净距成正比,随滑动层的抗剪强度及残余抗剪强度增大而增大,而滑动层厚度则存在一个最不利值,可通过试算确定;控制桩孔间的混凝土面高差、增大桩孔开挖净距、加强护壁,减少桩间土的扰动等是防治窜孔的有效措施。工程实例表明,桩间土稳定性评价方法合理、实用,可为黏性土场地的人工挖孔桩施工提供参考。 相似文献
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More than forty calcrete and gypcrete samples from bore holes in the Curtin Springs area of the Amadeus Basin, Central Australia, have been dated by means of the 14C and ESR techniques. The results indicate that the application of multiple dating techniques to samples from calcrete and gypcrete deposits enables age limits to be expanded and the number of datable material types to be increased with respect to Quaternary studies. The ability of the 14C and ESR techniques to determine the approximate age of calcrete and gypcrete deposits has been demonstrated. 相似文献
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M. Olsson S. Nie I. Bergqvist F. Ouchterlony 《Fragblast: International Journal for Blasting and Fragmentation》2002,6(2):221-233
In blasting, a few or many cracks are driven from the borehole into the rock. But what causes the cracks? The most common theory of breakage consists of two stages; first the shock wave causes radial cracks to form around the hole then the gases penetrate into the cracks, and widen them and make them longer. Another theory presented by Brinkmann suggests that the back damage is primarily controlled by shock and that the gas penetration is the mechanism controlling breakout of the burden. He did his experimental work using blasthole liners. Recent research at SveBeFo has examined this matter further. In a quarry a number of benching holes have been blasted simultaneously. In some of these holes tubular Swellex bolts were inflated and decoupled charges put inside the tubes without stemming. Other holes were identically charged but without the lining. Finally some holes were also stemmed. After blasting the cracks in the remaining rock were studied. There was no difference in crack lengths between holes charged normally (no stemming) and holes where the charges were inside the bolts. On the other hand when stemming was used, the crack lengths increased for some explosives but remained the same for an emulsion explosive. In another set up blasted granite blocks were charged in the same way as above. Then we could also measure the bore hole pressure. The pressure gauge consists of a small carbon resistor inside a steel cylinder. It is called LHM (Location-fixed Hydrodynamic Measuring cup) and is placed at the bottom of the hole. A smaller exit hole from the bottom is drilled for the cables. The paper presents the technique and the results obtained from both the quarry blasting and the blasting of the blocks. 相似文献
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承压水沿煤层底板递进导升突水机理的物理法研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
完整底板和非完整底板的注水试验发现底板深处的耗水早于浅部,显示底板的破裂发生在采前,相似材料模拟具一定导升高度的底板在采动中的变化揭示了同样的规律。底板的原位应力测试发现承压水在采前出现了向上入侵的现象,二次应力给导升的发展提供了条件,递进导升是突水机理之一。 相似文献