应用航空摄影资料编制高山峡谷地区正射影像图

本文阐述了利用既有比例尺为1:4.5万和1:3.5万的航摄像片及1:5万成图的航测外业控制成果,经内业空中三角测量加密定向点,采用解析测图-正射投影系统,编制成318幅1:1万高山峡谷地区的正射影像图的技术。经过检查,成图质量达到了技术设计标准,满足土地资源调查制图精度要求。     

长江上游重点水土流失区遥感动态监测及泥沙输移分析

以嘉陵江流域重点产沙区为试点,选择1992和1996年两个时段,通过遥感、GIS以及数学模型相结合的方法对水土流失现状和水土保持效益进行调查分析,建立水土流失变化动态监测信息系统,并从流域的土壤侵蚀推测和分析流域河流泥沙的输移变化。     

AERIAL AND SPACE PHOTOGRAPHS IN THE STUDY OF GEOSYSTEM DYNAMICS

A Siberian geographer explores real and potential applications of remote sensing imagery in research on geosystem dynamics. Four different methodological approaches to the analysis of geosystem dynamics are identified and described: comparison of heterochronous and seasonal imagery, geosystem forecasting and reconstruction based on image analysis, determination of current state and extant geosystem trends, analysis of linkages and interactions among geosystem components. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 1992, No. 4, pp. 140-146.     

AN EXPERIMENT IN MAPPING THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE STEPPE MARMOT USING AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS

A method for mapping the distribution of a common steppe mammal, the steppe marmot, is described, based on the interpretation of air photos of its life activities (i.e., burrows). Air photos at 1:30,000 scale are used in the compilation of a map of the density of marmot burrows, which permits close and more efficient investigation of the spatial correspondence of marmot habitats and natural conditions and facilitates the selection of routes and areas of sampling in advance of marmot population counts. Translated by Kurt E. Engelmann, Seattle, WA 98195 from: Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta, geografiya, 1989, No. 3, pp. 94–99.     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FEATURES ON RADAR IMAGERY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS IN DESERT AND MOUNTAINOUS LANDSCAPES

The relative information yield of radar imagery and aerial photographs is compared for selected natural and cultural features (mountains, erosional depressions, low and high forest, desert plants and shrubs, reeds, and canals) in a number of desert and mountainous areas. The types of aerial photographic and radar equipment used are discussed and recommendations are made regarding when preference should be given to one or the other type of system. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: Vestnik Leningradskogo Universiteta, seriya 7 (geologiya, geografiya), 1989, No. 2, pp. 106–110.     

UNITS OF LENGTH AND THEIR RELATION TO AREAS IN CADASTRAL SURVEYS

Abstract

Brought up as we are in the British Empire in a world of difficult weights and measures, we come to regard them as inevitably complex and laborious, and only when we come into direct contact with professional and business men of foreign nations is it brought home to us how pathetically foolishwe are in sticking to systems of mensuration that have not resulted from deliberate thought but have evolved from the vagaries of mensuration in history. At the commencement of our instruction in arithmetic we are informed (to quote Workman's text-book) that “when we put down a list of the number of inches that make a foot, the number of feet that make a yard, and the number of yards that make a mile, we get what is called a Table of Long Measure. Similar tables are needed for other measures. The following tables must be learnt thoroughly by heart. They are all the measures which are really needed, though a great many more are in use and will be mentioned later.” Here follows, without a word of apology, a page of historical antiquities in the shape of our tables, each one a self-contained entity, seemingly priding itself on having no connexion whatever with any other.     

SMALL FORMAT AERIAL SURVEYS FROM LIGHT AND MICROLIGHT AIRCRAFT

Small format (SF) cameras, fitted to light or microlight aircraft, can provide an economic and convenient alternative to the more expensive conventional mapping systems. Further advantages accrue from the use of wider aperture lenses, an extensive range of easily available films and simplijed processing. These advantages can be exploited by employing light aircraft for small survey missions, such as map revision, and desktop photogrammetric systems dedicated to handling SF imagery. In this paper, an account is given of a research study involving SF map revision survey photography, using a modern microlight aircraft and a 70 mm metric camera.     

AIR PHOTOGRAPHS FOR SOIL SURVEY IN LOWLAND ENGLAND: SOIL PATTERNS

Eight soil patterns are described which were visible on air photographs and which proved useful when mapping soils. They are of two types; those associated with former estuarine and coastal marshes and those formed during the last Ice Age. Some patterns are best recorded during spring when the ground is bare of crops but others show only as crop patterns during summer.     

THE INTERPRETATION AND MAPPING OF VEGETATION AND OTHER GROUND SURFACE FEATURES FROM AIR PHOTOGRAPHS OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS IN NORTH WALES

The paper describes work undertaken in North Wales in 1967 and 1968 in which panchromatic and colour air photographs were used in the mapping of vegetation and in the study of other ground surface features. The problems of relating a priori classification schemes to the categories distinguished by air photo-interpretation are discussed and the case stated for developing classifications which enable more benefit to be derived from the advantages of air photo-ecology.     

POPULATION CENSUS WITH THE AID OF AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS: AN EXPERIMENT IN THE CITY OF LEEDS

This study shows how aerial photographs can be of value in a population census. The census and the enumeration district maps were used initially to obtain population data and the housing stock was derived from the aerial photographs. From these the population densities were determined of a number of sample enumeration districts containing a single type of house. Another set of enumeration districts was selected and the housing stock again derived from the aerial photographs. By considering the type and quantity of housing stock and the population density of each housing type, the population figures were estimated for each enumeration district. The values of these population estimates were then compared with the values recorded in the census. The overall population estimate had an error of only 2%, but the estimates for some of the individual enumeration districts showed greater errors. These errors are assessed and analysed and some suggestions are made to improve the methodology used in this study.     

彩红外航片在忻定盆地水浇地清查及盐碱地动态监测中的应用

本文报导运用航片综合判读法原理,进行一级水浇地。二级水浇地,三级水浇地判读的方法,及其彩红外航片影像标志的研究,并依据1980和1987两年拍摄的航片,以具有代表性的定襄县为。例,分析该盆地七年间盐碱地的消长变化情况。     

RS、GIS技术在松嫩平原水土流失调查中的应用

以TM影像为信息源分析植被覆盖度,以数字等高线数据为基础提取坡度,结合气象、土壤等历史资料,经GIS的空间分析,得出水土流失的调查结果.     

SURVEYS OF TOWNS AND TOWNSHIP LAY-OUTS IN NIGERIA

Abstract

Township plans in Nigeria are, in general, required for the following objects:- <list list-type="alpha"> <list-item>

illustration of existing detail for administrative and other purposes;</list-item> <list-item>

record of property boundaries;</list-item> <list-item>

settlement of property boundaries and registration of title;</list-item> <list-item>

lay-outs and engineering purposes.</list-item> </list>     

基于ER Mapper的水土流失地形因子提取技术初探

介绍了新一代图像处理系统ER Mapper及其应用，分析了不同空间尺度下影响水土流失的地形因子，针对ER Mapper的图像处理功能，对地形因子的提取技术进行了初步探讨，并取得了一定的成果。