焉耆盆地构造变形特征及成因分析

焉耆盆地主要发育NWW、NW向两组逆冲断裂。断裂在平面上主要为两种组合形式:“入”字型组合与雁列式组合;构造变形在平面上表现出南北分带、东西分块的特征。断裂在剖面上的组合主要为叠瓦式、背冲式、对冲式和正花状组合。盆地主要发育NWW向的构造带和NW向构造带,NWW向的构造带具左行压扭性,NW向构造带具右行压扭性,起主导变形作用的是压扭作用,构造变形机制为力源来自于SSW向的压扭作用。      

柴北缘鱼卡断陷构造变形特征及变形环境

在鱼卡断陷及其周边构造变形系统观测的基础上,结合构造岩和构造煤显微构造分析,探讨了鱼卡断陷的构造变形特征及变形环境。研究表明,盆缘断裂构造变形强烈,具有强烈的塑性变形特征,反映了较高的应力-应变环境;而盆内断裂变形较弱,以脆性变形为主,反映出地壳浅层次构造变形环境的特征。区内至少经历了近NS向和NE向两期不同方向的挤压应力作用,但以近NS向的构造挤压作用为主,对煤层赋存状态具有较为强烈的改造和控制作用。     

藏北羌塘盆地构造特征及演化

羌塘盆地基底由元古宙变质岩系组成，具双层结构，下部为结晶“硬基底”、上部为变质“软基底”；构造上具两坳夹－隆和断凸断凹特征。盆地盖层由中泥盆统至第三系组成，主要为海相碳酸盐岩和碎屑屑岩及白垩系、第三系陆相砂、砾岩。盖层中变形强烈，发育多组褶皱、断裂。在变形在平面上方向性、分带性、等距性明显；在剖面上具差异性、不协调性。盆地主要变形期为燕山期－喜马拉雅期。     

彭灌断裂带的构造特征

讨论了彭灌断裂带的宏观及微观变形特征。宏观构造，显微构造特征反映出该断裂带为一条脆性逆冲推覆断裂，其变形机制主要为碎裂作用。断层主要产于中生代地层之中，并有叠置的推覆岩片夹于其中，主要活动时期是喜马拉雅期。     

东疆哈尔里克造山带中红柱石的变形特征及其地质意义

东疆哈尔里克造山带中红柱石的变形显微构造与区内A型俯冲引起的断裂区域变质作用有成因联系。红柱石的变形特征显示了其变形机制为塑性形变，处于韧性变形的条件下，表明变形前形成于一定的深度，后受推覆构造作用，发生变形并被带至地表，是区内构造演化的产物。     

构造岩研究的新进展

构造岩的研究已取得很大进展。有关构造岩的分类，无论是描述性的还是按成因的分类，都各具特点，但还是以二者兼顾为好。对构造岩，尤其是糜棱岩的识别，要注意在野外区分应变梯度带和在岩相学上利用显微构造判据。构造岩的变形机制包括碎裂作用和粘性流动，而以二者之间的转换尤为重要。变形机制的交替和转换使构造岩的显微构造具一定的演化规律。由构造岩的应变局部化和力学失稳可引起成分变异、体积亏损，而流体的流动在其中也起着重要的作用。     

龙门山中南段泰安寺—干沟—苍坪断裂构造特征及其地质意义

泰安寺一干沟－苍坪断裂是龙门册前缘推覆构造带中南段主滑面,文章详细描述了该断鲜明在宏凤和微观上的构造变形特征。据断裂带与飞来峰压覆及切割关系和ＥＳＲ年龄,表明断裂的形成应旱于飞来峰的就位,而飞来峰就位后断裂又有过再次的逆冲活动。断裂的主要活动期为喜马拉雅早期,而在喜马拉雅中晚期进一步对其进行改造。充分反映该断裂具多期次活动的脆性逆冲特征。     

上海及其邻区楔形断裂系统北翼断裂构造岩显微构造及岩组动力学研究

本文通过对断裂构造岩显微构造特征的研究,进而对石英变形纹及光轴系统测量统计,进行岩组动力学分析,重建了断裂活动时的应力场特征及演化。并对断裂空间分布,断裂性质,运动方式、方向,生成环境及活动时期等作出推论。从而验证和进一步揭示了断裂的宏观构造特征。     

山东招远玲珑金矿田控矿构造及其形成机制

玲珑金矿主要受北北东向、北东向两组断裂构造控制，主要矿体均分布于两组断裂的复合部位，两组断裂的形成及其运动性质与郯庐断裂的活动密切相关。在中生代早期，北北东向的玲珑断裂主要为左行平移运动，北东向的破头青断裂则为压性兼具有左行平移性质；早白垩世晚期，北北东向断裂作右行运动，而北东向断裂则作左行运动，反映了断裂活动的多期性和复杂性。断裂构造岩的特征显示控矿断裂经历了韧性变形和脆性变形两个阶段，矿体赋存于断裂构造主裂面的下盘。上盘一般无工业矿体赋存。     

凯里地区逆冲推覆—滑脱构造特征

施洞口断裂是贵州东南部一条重要的断裂带,在它的逆冲推覆作用过程中,逆冲推覆构造的不同地段,其应力分布、构造变形特点都有一定差异。而逆冲推覆构造所产生的巨大水平挤压力在地台盖层中亦可产生构造变形。由于盖层结构中物质具垂直分带,各构造亚层变形特征也各具特点。     

辽东半岛金矿成矿作用与深部资源勘查

辽东半岛地处华北克拉通东北部、胶-辽台隆北段,是我国东部重要的金矿资源产区之一。区内先后发现五龙、白云、猫岭等大中型金矿床,探明储量超过300 t。鉴于辽东半岛与胶东半岛处于相似的构造背景,辽东半岛金矿成矿及找矿潜力一直广受关注,相关的地质研究及矿产勘查工作也持续进行。总体看,已有研究更多聚焦于金矿床本身的描述及矿床成因等方面的工作,但缺乏对区域成矿背景及成矿过程的全面梳理,在一定程度上制约了深部资源勘查工作的方向及部署。作者根据2016-2019年间的野外地质调查,结合区域成矿地质背景、含矿岩石显微构造变形和年代学等方面的分析,系统总结了辽东半岛金矿的成矿条件和控矿因素,并就深部资源勘查方向提出了建议。研究表明：辽东半岛已发现金矿化分属于晚三叠世和早白垩世两期构造-岩浆成矿系统。宏观及微观上,构造对区内金矿的形成和分布均表现出明显的控制作用。两个时期的金矿都经历了早期的韧性变形和晚期的脆性变形,且金矿化都与晚期脆性构造环境下发育的超碎裂岩化及含矿热液蚀变作用有关。基于辽东半岛地壳结构、物质组成和金矿成矿地质条件的分析,本文认为辽东半岛的深部资源勘查应重点集中在3个方向：营口-宽甸台拱的南、北边界断裂带及其伴随的北东、北西向断裂构造的复合部位;营口-宽甸台拱的东、西两侧北东向（新华夏系）边界断裂带及其伴随的低级别、低序次构造系统;关注在现有含矿构造带下部是否存在与印支期、燕山期岩浆活动有关的斑岩型金矿化（床）。     

Structural controls on carbonate-hosted Pb–Zn mineralization in the Dongmozhazhua deposit,central Tibet

Fault zones control the locations of many ore deposits, but the ore-forming processes in such fault zones are poorly understood. We have studied the deformation and ore textures associated with fault zones that controlled the lead–zinc mineralization of the Dongmozhazhua deposit, central Tibet, ∼100 km southwest of Yushu City. Geological mapping shows that the structural framework of the Dongmozhazhua area is defined by NW–SE-trending reverse faults and superposed folds that indicate at least two stages of deformation. The first stage is characterized by tight nearly E–W-striking folds that formed during the closure of the Jinshajiang Paleo-Tethyan Ocean in the Triassic. The second stage of deformation produced NW–SE-trending reverse faults and related structures of the Fenghuoshan–Nangqian fold-and-thrust belt associated with India–Asia collision in the late Eocene to Oligocene. Scanline surveys along the ore-controlling fault zones show an internal structure that comprises a damage zone, a breccia zone with clasts that have become rounded, and a breccia zone with lenticular clasts, and this complex architecture was formed during at least two compressional substages of deformation. The Pb–Zn mineralization in the Dongmozhazhua area occurs exclusively close to NW–SE-trending reverse fault zones. Microtextural observations reveal that mineralization occurred as veinlets and disseminated blebs in limestone clasts, and as continuous bands and cements in fractured rocks. Cataclastic sulfide grains also can be seen in the matrix of some fault zones. The types of mineralization differ with structural position. The fillings of the ore-bearing veinlets typify the products of hydraulic fracture and both types of mineralization took place concurrently with regional contraction. We consider, therefore, that the ore-bearing fluids in the Dongmozhazhua deposit were concentrated in fault zones during regional compression and that the ore minerals were precipitated during hydraulic fracturing of host rocks. Subsequent fault activity pulverized some pre-existing sulfide material into cataclastic grains in the matrix of a tectonic breccia that developed in the same faults.     

Low-Temperature Plasticity of Naturally Deformed Calcite Rocks

Optical, cathodoluminescence and transmission electron microscope (TEM) analyses were conducted on four groups of calcite fault rocks, a cataclastic limestone, cataclastic coarse-grained marbles from two fault zones, and a fractured mylonite. These fault rocks show similar microstructural characteristics and give clues to similar processes of rock deformation. They are characterized by the structural contrast between macroscopic cataclastic (brittle) and microscopic mylonitic (ductile) microstructures. Intragranular deformation microstructures (i.e. deformation twins, kink bands and microfractures) are well preserved in the deformed grains in clasts or in primary rocks. The matrix materials are of extremely fine grains with diffusive features. Dislocation microstructures for co-existing brittle deformation and crystalline plasticity were revealed using TEM. Tangled dislocations are often preserved at the cores of highly deformed clasts, while dislocation walls form in the transitions to the fine-grained     

胶东地区控矿剪切带脆性变形时代的Ar-Ar年代学及其对成矿的制约

胶东地区是典型的剪切带型金矿集中区,精确厘定该地区控矿剪切带的活动时代,可为探讨剪切带与金矿成因关系提供关键的时限约束,并且对矿床成矿模式的建立具有至关重要的意义。大量矿床地质证据显示胶东地区控矿剪切带中脆性变形活动对金矿体的形成具有直接影响,但其脆性变形时代尚不十分清楚。据此,本文在详细研究金矿体赋存特征的基础上,系统选取胶东焦家、玲珑、邓格庄、乳山这四个金矿区控矿剪切带断层泥中白云母进行⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar年代学研究。定年结果显示,胶东地区焦家剪切带、招平剪切带以及牟乳剪切带的脆性变形时代分别为110.3±1.5Ma、122.8±1.7Ma、119.6±1.2Ma~115.8±1.4Ma。其中焦家剪切带的脆性变形时代明显晚于招平和牟乳剪切带,可能代表了焦家蚀变岩型矿化形成后易遭受后期的构造叠加。综合胶东各金矿区控矿剪切带变形时代、岩体侵位时代、成矿时代及剪切带活动特征和矿体产出特征,本文认为在多期岩体侵位以及控矿剪切带递进变形过程中,剪切带韧性变形区中由高压流体作用产生的同期脆性破裂可形成脉型矿化,如乳山金矿;而在脆-韧性和脆性变形区中发生的大规模脆性变形可导致脉型和蚀变岩型矿化的形成,如玲珑、邓格庄和焦家金矿。但随着剪切带的递进变形和隆升剥蚀,后期多期次的脆性构造变形叠加,可导致多种矿化类型出现在同一构造部位,如焦家金矿中石英脉型和蚀变岩型矿化。     

广东莲花山断裂带韧性剪切带变形特征及其与成矿的关系

莲花山断裂带是中国东南陆缘重要的NE向构造带。该断裂带不仅是区域上重要的二级构造单元分界线,也控制着广东省最重要的锡铜多金属成矿带。前人研究表明,莲花山断裂带内的韧性变形与锡铜多金属成矿关系密切,但对于莲花山断裂带内的韧性变形展布特征及其对成矿作用的贡献,还存在着较多争议。本次研究,通过对莲花山断裂带进行大比例尺的矿田构造填图,实测典型地质剖面等手段,结合拉伸线理产状的测量和显微构造的观察,认为断裂带内的韧性变形由自北向南一系列近NE60°走向的剪切带雁列展布而成,各剪切带之间呈大致平行展布。在韧性变形之后,这些雁列状的剪切带又被30°走向的脆性断层所切割。莲花山断裂带内的韧性变形控制着矿体的形态和规模,后期岩浆-热液活动利用先存韧性剪切带的空间,成矿元素在韧性变形的裂隙中沉淀富集成矿。莲花山断裂带内找矿勘探工作部署应该围绕断裂带内韧性变形的区域,并注意韧性变形附近次一级的容矿裂隙。     

胶东东部米山断裂变形带应力应变分析及其控矿特征研究

米山断裂是一多期变形的断裂。早期以韧性变形为主，后期以脆性变形为主，断裂变形具有准对称性，西盘变形强度大于东盘变形强度，变形强度决定了断裂带的蚀变及矿化特点。蚀变的分带结构与断裂的不同的矿化特征都与断裂的变形有关。因此，米山断裂的成生与发展，对胶东东部的成岩成矿具有重要作用，它控制了燕山早期花岗岩的侵入。韧性变形作用是金矿成矿的必要条件。     

湘赣边区NNE向走滑断裂-流体-铀成矿动力学分析

以湘赣边区ＮＮＥ向走滑断裂系统构造解析及其演化和动力学分析为主线,结合含矿流体的运动学过程研究,进行热液铀成矿动力学分析,以探讨成矿作用的动力来源、作用机制和演化过程。     

江西虎家尖银金矿区构造特征与矿化研究

虎家尖银金矿区位于华夏系婺源-万年断褶带的南段,以NE向压扭性断裂带为主要构造型式。NE向压扭性断裂的成生演化,大体经历了3个阶段:早期为左行压扭活动阶段,主要表现为塑-脆性形变;中期阶段以张扭性的脆性形变为主;晚期则显示出右行压扭的塑-脆性形变特征。笔者认为,矿区构造活动早期受华夏系应力场的控制,晚期受新华夏系应力场的制约,并认为矿区NE向断裂是新华夏系泰山式构造与华夏系构造复合的产物。
NE向断裂带也是矿区最重要的成矿控矿构造,其中虎家尖-峡岭(水库)断裂带北亚带控制矿区主要的银、金矿化带,南亚带则以银金和钨锑矿化为主;而库田-唐家边断裂带主要控制钨矿化.此外,矿体的分布、形态、规模、富集程度、矿化形式及矿化类型,均与NE向压扭性断裂的形变阶段有关,显示构造演化与成矿作用的同步性。      

Structural geochemistry of gold mineralization in the Linglong-Jiaojia district, Shandong Province, China

The Linglong-Jiaojia district is one of the most important regions containing gold deposits in China. These gold deposits can be divided into: a) the pyrite-gold-quartz vein type (Linglong type), which is controlled by brittle-ductile to ductile deformation structures, and b) the alteration-zone type (Jiaojia type), characterized by small veinlets, or the disseminated type recognized in brittle shear zones. Lode gold deposits in the Jiaojia area occur in NE brittle fracture zones, formed in a dominantly simple shear deformation regime, mainly in thrust attitude with a minor sinistral strike slip component. In the Linglong area, the lode gold deposits are located at the intersection of three types of structures: NNE and NE brittle-ductile fault zones and the ENE ductile reverse shear zone in the south of the area. The structural characteristics of these brittle shear zones are consistent with a tectonic NNW-SSE principal stress field orientation. Similar stresses explain the ENE Qixia fold axes, the Potouqing and several other ENE reverse ductile shear zones elsewhere in the region, the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone and its subsidiaries in the vicinity of the Linglong-Jiaojia district, as well as the southern ENE suture zone north of Qingdao. Therefore these structural systems occurred as part of different major tectonic events under NNW-SSE compression principal stress fields in the area. Gold deposits are hosted in smaller-scale structures within the brittle fault zones and brittle-ductile shear zones. Although ore bodies and, on a smaller scale, quartz ore veins often seem to be randomly oriented, it is possible to explain their distribution and orientation in terms of the simple shear deformation process under which they were developed. The progressive simple shear failure is characterized by various fracture modes (tension and shear) that intervene in sequence. The tension and shear fractures are influenced by the stress level (depth of burial beneath the paleosurface) in their structural behavior, show variable dilatancy (void openings) and extend on all scales. By making use of these characteristics, a progressive failure analysis can be applied to predicting the shape and extent of ore bodies as well as the styles of mineralization at any given location.     

走滑变形过程中的流体包裹体研究——以湘东地区为例

走滑断裂是大陆造山带中一种非常重要的构造类型,并常常成为各种流体异常活动的场所。湘东地区自晚三叠世以来的陆内造山作用形成了ＮＮＥ 向走滑断裂系统。该走滑断裂系统经历了从会聚走滑（Ｔ３ － Ｊ） 向离散走滑（Ｋ－ Ｅ１） 的重大构造性质转换,并明显控制了该地区中新生代的岩浆活动、断陷盆地和区域热液铀成矿作用。本文以湘东地区若干走滑断裂为例, 研究了其中各种构造岩的流体包裹体特征。结果表明,走滑变形过程中伴随着显著的流体活动, 而且在不同变形时期或同一变形期不同变形环境,其流体作用有显著不同。走滑断裂中的流体作用对区域热液铀矿床的形成具有重要意义。