面向复杂山地的机载LiDAR与无人机影像融合应用

本文针对LiDAR点云与无人机影像数据特征的优缺点,利用LiDAR点云与无人机DOM影像融合,将影像数据光谱信息赋给LiDAR点云数据,使其不仅具备精准的空问结构信息,还能得到清晰的纹理信息.为验证融合数据应用的可行性与数据提取的准确性,对融合前后的点云数据进行地面点提取与DEM构建.试验表明:将无人机影像的光谱信息赋...     

Roles of horizontal and vertical tree canopy structure in mitigating daytime and nighttime urban heat island effects

The urban heat island (UHI) is increasingly recognized as a serious, worldwide problem because of urbanization and climate change. Urban vegetation is capable of alleviating UHI and improving urban environment by shading together with evapotranspiration. While the impacts of abundance and spatial configuration of vegetation on land surface temperature (LST) have been widely examined, very little attention has been paid to the role of vertical structure of vegetation in regulating LST. In this study, we investigated the relationships between horizontal/vertical structure characteristics of urban tree canopy and LST as well as diurnal divergence in Nanjing City, China, with the help of high resolution vegetation map, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data and various statistical analysis methods. The results indicated that composition, configuration and vertical structure of tree canopy were all significantly related to both daytime LST and nighttime LST. Tree canopy showed stronger influence on LST during the day than at night. Note that the contribution of composition of tree canopy to explaining spatial heterogeneity of LST, regardless of day and night, was the highest, followed by vertical structure and configuration. Combining composition, configuration and vertical structure of tree canopy can take advantage of their respective advantages, and best explain variation in both daytime LST and nighttime LST. As for the independent importance of factors affecting spatial variation of LST, percent cover of tree canopy (PLAND), mean tree canopy height (TH_Mean), amplitude of tree canopy height (TA) and patch cohesion index (COHESION) were the most influential during the day, while the most important variables were PLAND, maximum height of tree canopy (TH_Max), variance of tree canopy height (TH_SD) and COHESION at night. This research extends our understanding of the impacts of urban trees on the UHI effect from the horizontal to three-dimensional space. In addition, it may offer sustainable and effective strategies for urban designers and planners to cope with increasing temperature.     

无人机遥感的大型野生食草动物种群数量及分布规律研究

以黄河源玛多县为研究区,利用无人机分别于2017年冬春季开展了航拍调查,航拍有效面积达326.6 km2,获取影像23784张,建立了藏野驴、藏原羚、岩羊等野生动物,以及牦牛、藏羊和马等家畜的无人机图像解译标志库。通过人机交互方式解译,获取调查样带内的种群数量:藏野驴的样带密度为1.15只/km2,藏原羚为0.61只/km2,岩羊为0.62只/km2,家养牦牛为4.12只/km2,家养藏羊为7.34只/km2,马为0.06只/km2。利用冷暖季草场的估算方法,通过地面同步调查验证、统计数据验证,估算出玛多县藏野驴、藏原羚和岩羊,以及家牦牛、藏羊和马的种群数量为:藏野驴17109头,藏原羚15961只,岩羊9324只,牦牛70846头,藏羊102194只,马1156匹。大型野生食草动物藏野驴、藏原羚和岩羊总计8.57万羊单位;家畜藏羊、牦牛和马总计38.90万羊单位;大型野生食草动物和家畜总计47.5万羊单位。大型野生食草动物羊单位数量与家畜羊单位数量之比为1∶4.5。并分析了野生动物分布密度与栖息地生境因子的关系:藏野驴偏好选择高程4200—4400 m,坡度为2°—5°,离农村居民点距离1—2 km和4—5 km,离水源距离小于1 km,离公路距离2—3 km和4—5 km的范围内,草地盖度60—80%。藏原羚偏好选择高程4100—4200 m和4400—4500 m,坡度为大于5°,草地盖度80%以上,离农村居民点距离2—3 km,离水源距离小于1—2 km,离公路距离小于1—2 km和4—5 km的范围内。岩羊偏好选择高程4100—4200 m,坡度为大于5°,草地盖度较低,离农村居民点距离小于1 km,离水源距离小于1—2 km,离公路距离大于5 km的范围内。与传统的地面调查方法相比,基于无人机遥感的大型野生食草动物种群数量调查,具有快速、经济、可靠等优点,为今后野生动物调查提供了一种有效、可靠的技术途径。