感应测井的复视电导率响应特性

感应测井的实部视电导率 (也叫R信号 )与虚部视电导率 (也叫X信号 )构成复视电导率。在给出这两种视电导率定义之后 ,利用解析解和数值模式匹配法计算了几种地层的感应测井的两种视电导率响应曲线。得出的主要结论有 :虚部视电导率对实部视电导率起一定的趋肤效应补偿作用 ;虚部视电导率的探测深度大于实部视电导率 ;井眼对实部视电导率的影响较大 ;实部视电导率的纵向分辨率优于虚部视电导率 ;当线圈系穿过的地层磁导率有变化时 ,虚部视电导率将有较大的波动。     

地幔矿物岩石的电导率研究进展

电导率高压测量技术的完善 ,使得人们在就位测量条件下获得了一系列地幔高压相矿物的电导率。由此 ,在回顾近几年地幔矿物岩石电导率的测量结果时 ,重点介绍了地幔高压相矿物的电导率研究。文中还介绍了根据地幔矿物岩石电导率数据而获得的电传导机制研究结果以及基于实验室电导率数据建立的电导率模型。近年来的研究结果表明 ,当在实验条件控制较好的高压装置上测量电导率时 ,实验室的电导率数据应该可以用来帮助电磁学家约束对野外数据的解释。     

钙质砂电导率与相关性问题初探

处于海洋环境中的钙质砂一般饱水含盐,将盐度评价重要参量电导率用于钙质砂中,以钙质砂的电导率反映其中的水体含盐量,对海洋环境下钙质砂土水质评价有重要意义。在某灰沙岛上选取裸露空旷的钙质砂地,距地面0.5、1.0、1.5 m的深度处埋设土壤电导率、体积含水率和温度传感器,观测记录不同深度范围钙质砂的电导率和体积含水率。基于现场钙质砂土电导率、体积含水率观测、室内不同级配的钙质砂电导率测试以及Manta2水质传感器室内测试校核,分析钙质砂电导率与孔隙水电导率的关系。结果表明,钙质砂电导率与体积含水率和孔隙水的电导率均呈线性关系,提出了适用于钙质砂电导率的计算模型。     

高温高压下叶蜡石脱水电导率实验

在压力为1.0～4.0 GPa、温度为873～1 223 K下采用Sarltron-1260阻抗/增益-相位阻抗谱分析仪测定了叶蜡石的电导率.实验结果表明,电导率与温度间的关系符合Arrenhius关系式;叶蜡石的脱水引起电导率的突然变化,使电导率急剧上升;脱水前,电导率随着压力增大而减小,其导电机制为电子导电;脱水后,电导率随着压力增大而增大,其导电机制为离子导电.     

吹填珊瑚礁岛地下水淡化时空规律初探

为分析吹填珊瑚礁岛地下水的时空淡化规律,开展珊瑚礁岛地下水现场长期监测,获取了不同位置、不同深度地下水电导率的长期监测数据和定期取样测试核验数据;结合礁岛降雨监测资料,以电导率为地下水质评价的主要指标,分析地下水电导率在时间、空间尺度上的变化特征,探索礁岛地下水的淡化趋势及影响因素,通过随机森林模型进一步预测了钻孔内地下水电导率的变化规律。研究结果表明,珊瑚礁岛地下水电导率总体呈震荡下降趋势,地下水电导率与时间的关系可以用指数函数表示。地下水电导率随深度的增加而增大直至与海水的电导率相当后维持稳定,礁岛内相同深度地下水电导率呈现中间低、四周高的趋势。说明地下水的淡化从礁岛中心部位开始向四周延展,并发现在礁岛中部存在多个初始淡化中心点。地下水电导率受降雨入渗、潮汐作用、水文地质参数等多个因素的影响,随机森林模型预测5 a后潜水面下8 m处的电导率将逐渐稳定在10 000μS/cm,地下水的淡化速率显著降低。     

电导率测量的影响因素及电导率、pH值异常与金异常的关系

本文对电导率测量过程中的影响因素进行了研究,提出了室内电导率测试的最佳条件,同时阐述了电导率、pH值异常与金异常的关系,最后给出了电导率、pH值异常复合处理的表达式。这项试验研究工作具有实际应用价值。     

引江济淮试验工程膨胀土电导率特征实验研究

南水北调中线工程实践研究表明,膨胀土的电导率与自由膨胀率呈现线性关系。引江济淮试验工程为开发膨胀土判别快速方法以及提出针对江淮地区土质的电导率法判别适用标准,开展膨胀土电导率特征实验研究。工程现场取多组土样进行基本性质、膨胀性和不同含水率下的电导率实验,寻求该地区膨胀土电导率与含水率和自由膨胀率的关系。研究表明,电导率随土体含水率增加呈现先增加后减小的变化趋势,土体处于液限含水率附近状态下,具有最强的导电性,电导率具有峰值特征。相同含水率条件下,土体的膨胀性越强电导率越大;电导率和自由膨胀率总体上线性相关,试样在液限含水率附近时相关性最大;线性经验模型的精度由相关性水平控制,本试验提出的江淮地区弱膨胀土电导率经验模型的精度控制标准为R2=0.78,可以达到自由膨胀率实测值的精度水平,具有实用价值。     

钙质土电导率和渗透性的相关研究

电导率是反映岛礁地下水土耦合性质的直接可测量参数,渗透系数是岛礁地下淡水体形成的重要影响因素,研究了不同地质条件下电导率变化规律,并用其表征土体渗透性有重要意义。首先测量不同干密度、含水率和孔隙液浓度下单一粒径钙质土电导率。由于钙质粉土内含黏粒成分,其表面双电层对电导率有影响,因此单独测量钙质粉土在干密度和含水率正交条件下的电导率,并进行变水头渗透试验。接着配制钙质粉土含量递增的级配土,测电导率并进行常水头渗透试验。试验发现,钙质土电导率与干密度,含水率和孔隙液浓度呈现明显规律性;级配土内随粉土含量增加电导率增加先缓慢,后迅速,最后趋于稳定;级配土渗透系数随电导率增加先缓慢减小后迅速减小;粉土渗透系数随电导率增加呈现中间大两头小的规律。最后初步推导了钙质土电导率与渗透系数的经验公式。     

干旱区膜下滴灌棉田表层土壤盐分日内动态特征

利用便携式土壤盐分计测量膜下滴灌棉田不同位置和不同深度的土壤电导率,来研究膜下滴灌条件下表层土壤电导率的日内变化特征.结果显示:干旱区一膜两管膜下滴灌条件下,窄行处土壤电导率值最低,膜间最大,宽行居中,表层土壤电导率值存在显著的日内变化特征,早晚土壤电导率值低,中午电导率值高,上午的上升速率大于下午的下降速率;窄行处相对变化幅度大,膜间绝对变化幅度大,土壤电导率值日内变化幅度随深度呈减小趋势;膜下滴灌情况下,表层土壤电导率值的变化受土壤温度和气温的影响显著,但二者相关性复杂,不同深度、不同时间段的相关性不同,膜间大多呈显著正相关,窄行大多呈非显著正相关,宽行处上午呈非显著正相关,但下午呈显著负相关.     

高温高压下辉石岩的电导率实验研究

使用YJ-3000t紧装式六面顶高压设备和1260阻抗／增益-相位分析仪,在1．0～4．0GPa和773～1134K下用阻抗谱法就位测定了辉石岩的电导率。实验结果表明,电导率对频率具有很强的依赖性;温度是决定辉石岩电导率的一个重要物理参数,电导率随着温度升高而增大,lgσ与I／T之间符合Arrenhius关系式;随着压力升高。电导率降低,活化焓和独立于温度的指前因子亦降低。     

瞬变电磁测深的微分电导成像

通过对等效导电平面方法原理的阐述,指出了利用视纵向电导参数进行瞬变电磁测深资料解释的优越性。同时,为了提高对电性层位的分辨能力,在明确电导及其导数曲线物理含义的基础上,采用B样条函数对实测数据进行处理,实现了电导参数的微分成像。实践证明,采用该方法的成像结果与其他反演结果吻合较好,其“电性同相轴”以直观、形象的面貌清晰地展示了电性界面的分布形态。      

视纵向电导成像方法在矿井地质灾害调查中的应用

在对甘肃省2005年度科研项目“电磁成像系统存煤矿地质探测中的应用研究”的研究过程中,提出一种提高电法勘探分辨率及解释精度的方法-视纵向电导成像方法。该方法在计算纵向电导微分的基础上．进行视纵向电导微分成像。为验证其微分成像的应用效果,设计了低阻薄层（H2=3m）与低阻厚层（H2=30m）2个3层地电模型（参数为：ρ1=ρ3=100Ω·m,ρ2=10Ω·m,H1=100m）。通过计算分析,可以看出：无论是低阻薄层还是低阻厚层,与其地电模型界面对应位置,视纵向电导曲线存在明显转折点,视纵向电导微分成像图则可看出明显电性差异,而常规视电阻率曲线却难以解释低阻薄层。利用该方法与常规解释结合,对陕西某矿区进行采空区探测,共圈出东、西两块采空区．后经钻探验证,采空区边界范同和展布形态基本和解释结果相吻合,但比较两种解释方法,常规解释的范围较视纵向电导微分成像解释的范围要大,可见新方法的解释结果更加可靠。     

成矿溶液电导度和矿物热电性方法在矿床评价中的应用——以黑龙江省西吉诺山铅、锌、铜、金普查区为例

电导度是溶液导电能力的相对尺度，电导度的大小能直接反映出成矿溶液的高低.实验证明，成矿溶液相对高浓渡聚集区，往往也是矿床的主矿体或富矿体赋存处.用电导度场替代浓度场，进而建立起电导度与矿体之间的定量对应关系，可以用于表达矿体的贫富，评价矿脉的工业价值，指示找矿远景区等.用金属矿物或半导体矿物的热电性来指导找矿，是近年业兴起的一种新的找矿方法.矿物的热电性大小或热导电类型等在不同的成矿环境、部位中表现不同.因此用矿物的热电性质可以对矿床的侵蚀面水平和矿化地段的远景作出评价.在黑龙江省西吉诺山铅、锌、铜、金普查区采用了成矿溶液电导度和矿物热电性等新技术、新方法，对普查区成矿远景及成矿有利地段进行了分析与预测.结果表明，前人入大量勘查工作的440线至500线一带并不是矿化中心位置，西吉诺山谱查区矿化中心可能位于500线以东至花岗斑岩体之间.     

非饱和黏性土的电阻率特性及其试验研究

在讨论黏性土导电特性的基础上,假定非饱和黏性土中存在3种电流流通路径,针对已有的非饱和土电阻率结构模型存在的缺陷,推导了适用于非饱和黏性土的电阻率结构模型,探讨了土电阻率的主要影响因素,并将其归纳为3类。最后,通过对合肥膨胀土相关试验研究,分析了含水率、孔隙水电阻率、温度以及孔隙率对膨胀土的电阻率的影响特征,探讨了非饱和膨胀土的电阻率基本特性。     

Effects of near-surface inhomogeneities on MT responses: An analytical model

An analytical model is suggested to describe the electrostatic field produced by near-surface inhomogeneities responsible for galvanic shift in magnetotelluric (MT) apparent resistivity sounding curves. The near-surface inhomogeneities are modeled in thin-sheet approximation with laterally variable longitudinal conductance and transverse resistance. The model accounts for the TM (transverse magnetic) mode secondary electric field in the conductive layered subsurface below the thin sheet. Equations have been obtained to relate the subsurface geoelectric parameters and the spatial harmonics of the secondary electrostatic field. This secondary field, which is the source of galvanic shift in MT data, turns out to be in-phase with the primary field. The equations derived to simulate galvanic distortions are applicable to long-period MT data acquired by a synchronous array.     

Study on the Electrical Conductivity of 0.025 mol NaCl Solution at 0.25–3.75 GPa and 20–370°C

The electrical conductance of 0.025 mol NaCl solution was measured at 0.25–3.75 GPa and 20–370°C As shown by the results, the conductance increases with temperature, and there is a liner relation between the reciprocal of temperature and the logarithm of the conductance but their slopes are different at different pressures. The relations between the conductance and pressure is rather complex and there are some discontinuities: in the range of 2.25–3.75 GPa, the conductance increases with the pressure; in the range of 1.25–2.0 GPa, the conductance is not related to the pressure; and at a pressure of 0.75 GPa, the conductance is higher than that at the pressures nearby. This reflects that the NaCl solution has rather different properties of electronic chemistry at various pressures, and probably is an important cause for the existence of the layers with high electrical conductance and low velocity in the Earth's crust and mantle.     

Water quality index and fractal dimension analysis of water parameters

Statistical analysis of water quality parameters were analyzed at Harike Lake on the confluence of Beas and Sutlej rivers of Punjab (India). Mean, median, mode, standard deviation, kurtosis, skewness, coefficient of variation, regression lines, correlation coefficient, Hurst exponent, fractal dimension and predictability index were estimated for each water parameter. Monthly variation of water quality index using month-wise and parameter-wise value of quality rating and actual value present in water sample was calculated and compared with World Health Organization/Environmental Protection Agency standard value of these parameters. It was observed that Brownian time series behavior exists of potential of hydrogen with total dissolved solids, hardness, alkalinity, sulfate, chloride and conductance parameters; biochemical oxygen demand with total dissolved solids, hardness, alkalinity, sulfate, chloride, conductance and calcium parameters; dissolved oxygen with total dissolved solids, hardness, alkalinity, sulfate, chloride, conductance and calcium parameters; ferrous with total dissolved solids, hardness, alkalinity, sulfate, conductance and calcium parameters; chromium with total dissolved solids, hardness, alkalinity, sulfate, chloride, conductance and zinc parameters; zinc with total dissolved solids, hardness, sulfate, chloride, conductance and calcium parameters; fluoride with total dissolved solids, hardness, alkalinity, sulfate, chloride and conductance parameters; nitrate with total dissolved solids, sulfate and conductance parameters; nitrite with potential of hydrogen, total dissolved solids, hardness, alkalinity, sulfate, chloride, conductance and calcium parameters. Also, using water quality index, it was observed that water of the lake was severely contaminated and became unfit for drinking and industrial use.     

吉林夹皮沟金矿带电、磁场与流体中成矿元素运移、富集效应

本文以吉林夹皮沟金矿带为例,通过板块碰撞或旋转所产生的磁斥力和电场来探讨流体中成矿元素运移和富集机制。基于块体转动与岩石剩磁磁斥力的产生,岩石电、磁场的形成和阴 阳离子相向漂移的地质证据及成矿流体与磁感应矢量、电导率间对应关系的讨论,表明:1)成矿元素的富集发生于新旧电、磁场交替变化过程中;2)岩石电场正、负极控制阴、阳离子作相向漂移运动,是流体中成矿元素运移、富集的主要控制因素之一;3)深大断裂界面间的磁斥力是Au、Ag、Cu、Pb和Zn等有色多金属抗磁性元素成矿的有利场所。     

地下电短天线的输入特性分析

地下电短天线的输入导纳是其几何尺寸、工作频率及地下和近地表物质(围岩及土层)电磁参数的函数.通过分析其变化规律得到下列结论:(1)短天线的输入导纳随频率的变化比较复杂.当频率较低时,短天线的输入电导随地下物质电磁参数的变化不明显,而输入电纳基本上随着频率的增高呈线性变化.(2)在频率比较低时,介电常数的变化对短天线的输入电导影响不明显,存在有一个电导曲线重合频段.对于低阻物质,这个重合频段的上限比较低;对于高阻物质,重合频段的上限升高.对于输入电纳,当电阻率和频率两者都较高时,其对介电常数的变化比较敏感.(3)输入导纳对低阻物质反应敏感,而对具有中等以上电阻率的物质基本上退化成为一条相同的频率变化曲线.(4)短天线的输入导纳值随其几何尺度的增加而增加.     

Lateral variations of the mid-mantle conductance beneath Europe

Europe is a region with the largest density of geomagnetic observatories and several authors have used these data to estimate local geomagnetic response functions for various period ranges, typically of the width of 1.5 to 2.5 decades. By collecting the local response functions from 35 European observatories, and by their precise selection and subsequent combination, the independent regional geomagnetic induction data set could be extended to a period range of 4.5 decades. The initial local responses that were estimated by two magnetovariation methods, with two different external source fields employed, have been further supplemented by continental and global 11-year data, providing thus a data set extending over a period range from the harmonics of the daily variations up to 11 years. The combined responses have been inverted individually for each observatory by two techniques, by an Occam procedure and a stochastic 1D inversion for spherically symmetric Earth. The integrated mantle conductance has revealed rather regular lateral changes that have been used to design a mantle conductance image down to a depth of about 770 km. The presented conductance image can be correlated with major European tectonic units like the Baltic Shield and the Trans-European Suture Zone.To examine possible distortions to the inferred mantle conductance models due to large-scale near-surface heterogeneities, specifically those caused by the oceans, seas and large sedimentary basins, a spherical forward modeling was carried out for a radially symmetric conductor coated by an inhomogeneous thin shell with the variable surface conductance. The model responses for the 35 observatory positions were inverted in the same way as previously the experimental data. The results for 28 observatories have shown that the depth down to a pre-defined conductance level could be retrieved with a high accuracy of a few percents, but for seven southernmost observatories the recovery error increased up to 9%. With these seven observatories removed from the analysis, the effect of the seas and oceans on the upper and mid-mantle conductance estimates beneath Europe can be considered negligible.