悬浮液进样-氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定土壤中痕量砷锑硒

在原子荧光光谱法传统样品前处理的基础上，提出了悬浮液进样技术。用琼脂作为悬浮剂，水溶液作为校正曲线，对土壤标准样品和实际样品进行测定，结果令人满意，并且省去了冗长的样品化学前处理过程。检出限分别为砷0．33μg／L、锑0．13μg／L、硒0．06μg／L；相对标准偏差分别为：砷3．92％～6．32％、锑1．76％～3．11％、硒3．08％～5．54％；回收率分别为砷98．7％～105．7％、锑99．5％-103．3％和硒94．6％-107．2％。国家一级标准物质的测定结果与标准值相符，实际样品的测定值与传统消化法相比较，结果基本一致。     

X射线荧光光谱法同时测定煤中砷硫磷氯

采用人工混配有限煤炭标准样品粉末直接压片制样，X射线荧光光谱仪同时测量煤中的砷、硫、磷、氯。优化了样品粒度、样品量、助磨剂、制样压力和保压时间等实验条件，用可变α系数法进行基体校正。方法测定范围为As0．0015％-0．0051％、S0．21％-1．44％、P0．003％～0．096％、C10．01％-0．11％；检出限为As 1．2μg／g、S22μg／g、P2．1μg／g、C12．0μg／g。与标准方法对照，结果基本一致。方法快速、简便，满足了煤炭检验需要。     

微波消解-原子荧光光谱法测定化探样品中的砷和锑

准确测定砷和锑的含量是化探样品测定中的重要内容.本文介绍了测定这两种元素的一种新方法,笔者基于原子荧光光谱仪,试样经氢氟酸-盐酸-硝酸混酸微波消解,高氯酸-硫酸混酸蒸发除去氢氟酸,由盐酸-酒石酸混合溶液定容,从而得到样品中准确的砷、锑含量.本方法砷、锑校准曲线的线性相关系数均大于0.999;检出限分别为砷0.039μg/L、锑0.0058μg/L.按照实验方法测定水系沉积物、土壤标准物质中砷、锑,结果的相对误差砷为1.52%~6.77%,锑为1.25%~7.17%;相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)砷为2.27%~5.15%、锑为1.88%~5.81%.本方法适用于化探样品中砷含量在0.05~500μg/g、锑含量在0.05~300μg/g之间的样品测定.     

离子色谱-六极碰撞等离子质谱法同时测定水样的砷形态

经阴离子色谱柱分离，3mmol／L KH2PO4-K2HPO4(3％CH3OH改进剂)的淋洗液等梯度淋洗，用六极碰撞等离子体质谱仪在线测定了三种砷形态。检出限分别为：As(V)0．49μg/L，As(Ⅲ)0．39μg/L，DMA 0．16μg/L。重复性优于6．0％，三日复现性优于6．1％。为了检验该方法的实际应用性，测定了贵阳市饮用水源阿哈湖的湖水及入湖河水中的砷形态，结果比较理想。     

马山县东部东岗岭组土壤砷的形态分析及其生态意义

石灰土中高砷会影响岩溶生态系统吗？以广西马山县东部东岗岭组为例,根据岩性差异分层采取表土,测定水溶态、离子交换态、碳酸盐岩态、有机态、铁锰氧化物态、硫化物态砷和全量砷以及植物红腺忍冬中的砷。结果表明,东岗岭组土壤砷平均34．0μg／g,以下部最低,约23．3μg／g。硫化物砷是土壤砷的主要形态,占85％以上。有效态砷不足0．1％,与全量砷无相关关系。红腺忍冬花、叶、枝、茎砷分别为0．30、0．21、0．01、0．07μg／g,没有超标。东岗岭组土壤砷可能以5价无机硫化物砷为主,对中药材山银花危害轻,其原因为土壤高pH、富氧化铁、低磷,从而对砷强烈吸附。     

原子荧光光谱法直接测定铜矿中的硒

采用硫脲抑制铜的干扰,不经分离富集原子荧光光谱法直接测定铜矿中的Se。方法的检出限为0．02μg/g。Se浓度在0～80μg／L与荧光强度呈线性关系。用铜矿石国家一级标准物质GBW 07233(ωSe为5．1μg／g)和GBW 07234(ωSe为0.89μg／g)进行精密度试验,RSD(n=12)为3.44％、8.06％。加标准回收试验结果,Se的回收率为93．2％～104、6％。经铜矿石国家标准物质验证,测定结果与标准值相符,方法适用于铜矿中0～8．0μg／g Se的测定。     

砷的野外快速分析方法——氢化物发生-光导分光光度法

考察了在野外工作条件下,砷氢化物发生的各种影响因素,对氢化物发生-新银盐光度法测定砷的样品分解方法进行了简化和改进,配合自行研制的光导分光光度计,实现了砷的野外快速测定。样品经王水封闭溶解后,加入混合试剂以消除干扰,在调整酸度后,加入硼氢化钾将砷还原,呈AsH3选出,使硝酸银还原成胶体银,用光导分光光度计进行测定。方法检出限（3s）为0.20μg／g,加标回收率为92．0％～108％。方法经水系沉积物国家一级标准物质验证,分析结果与标准值相符,11次测定的相对标准偏差（RSD）小于10％。     

微波辅助提取-氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定土壤中无机砷

建立了微波辅助提取-氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定土壤中无机砷的分析方法。用正交试验设计结合单因素试验优化了样品粒度、提取温度、提取时间、固液比等微波提取条件，研究了共存离子对无机砷测定的干扰情况。方法的线性范围为0．25～40．0μg/g，无机砷的检出限为0．05μg/g，样品加标回收率为92．9％～105．0％。方法的精密度（RSD，n=11）为0．3％。与水浴提取法相比，微波辅助提取法具有快速、高效的优势。方法已用于分析3个不同产地有代表性土壤中无机砷含量。     

修饰电极测定土壤沉积物中各赋存状态砷

介绍了一种通过微分脉冲阳极溶出伏安法测定砷含量的方法，改进了金膜修饰电极的制备方法，并讨论了影响电极稳定的各种因素以及测定的最佳条件。在选定条件下，砷的溶出电流大小与其溶液中的浓度(0．01—1．00μg／L)呈线性关系(相关系数为0．9986)，砷的检出限为3．0ng／g。该方法测定结果与原子荧光测定结果相符，且方法已成功地用于山西省大同地区土壤沉积物中不同赋存状态砷含量的测定，各赋存状态砷的加和与总量测定基本相符。     

气相色谱法测定水中丙烯酰胺

采用溴化衍生-气相色谱法测定水中的丙烯酰胺,方法检测限为0．02μg／L,平均加标回收率为99．1％～104．5％,相对标准偏差为0．8％～2．6％,方法实用准确。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861