南海海域数种海藻总脂质及脂肪酸含量的比较

研究南海海域盛产的四种褐藻（海带、裙带菜、昆布和亨氏马尾藻）、三种红藻（紫菜、沙菜和江蓠）及来自南海三个不同海区（南沙、惠来和南澳）亨氏马尾藻的总脂质及脂肪酸含量干重，并重点比较其多不饱和脂肪酸的含量。结果表明，供试褐藻类海藻总脂质含量w在1．81％－6．11％之间，红藻类海藻的总脂质含量w在1．44％－3．96％之间；紫菜中含有7．548mg/g（干重，下同）的严油酸（C18：2）；海带含丰富C18：1达5．592mg/g；花生四烯酸（C20：4）在裙带菜中含量为1．606mg/g；在供试藻种中，昆布的EPA（C20:5)和DHA（C22：6）含量最高，测定值为608μg/g和689μg/g。     

关于金星自转问题的商榷

本研究继哥白尼“日心说”理论，用一种新天体演化论揭示金星逆转是视运动，金星的真正运动是在内能释放、磁场减弱；体积增大、自转速率减慢；旋转轴趋于直立、公转轨道接近正圆；从自转天体向无自转天体（惰性天体）的演化过程。研究认为．天体是在物质聚集下形成，能量释放中发生演变（衰亡），所有的天体都将遵循这种规律。故本研究以水星向同步自转天体演化，月球恰是颗同步自转天体，金星向无自转天体演化为据，论证了金星自转是正转而不是逆转，同时通过模拟实验也证明这一结论的正确性，这都充分说明金星逆转违背了哥白尼体系（Ｃｏｐｅｒｎｉｃａｎｓｙｓｔｅｍ），而传统以地球为中心的认识应该废弃。     

荧光分光光度法测定海洋生物中的谷胱甘肽

对应用荧光分光光度法测定海洋生物中还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量的方法进行了研究，并测定了分属于鱼、虾、贝、藻的10种海洋生物中谷胱甘肽的含量。利用邻苯二甲醛与GSH反应构成的荧光体系，在激发波长为365nm，发射波长为425nm的条件下，方法的回收率为99．22％-99．69％，变异系数为2．16％。应用此方法测得10种海洋生物中谷胱甘肽的含量为：红笛鲷（Lutjanus sanguineus）0．399mg／g，银鲳（Pampus argenteus）0．352mg／g，大海鲢（Megalops cyrinoides）0．561mg/g，尖紫蛤（Sanguinolaria acuta）0．289mg/g，菲律宾蛤仔（Ruditapes philippinarun）0．287mg／g，墨吉对虾（Penaeus merguiensis）0．892mg／g，凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）1．434mg／g，囊藻（Colpomenia sinuose）0．221mg／g，石莼（Ulva lactucal）0．727mg／g，马尾藻（Sargassum muticum）0．137mg／g。     

罗氏沼虾三群体间肌肉营养品质的比较

对饲养在相似环境下的罗氏沼虾（Macrobrachium rosenbergii）三群体肌肉营养成分进行了分析和比较，3个群体分别为浙江湖州的人工养殖群体（A）、缅甸引进种子二代群体（B）和“南太湖1号”杂交群体（B-＋）。结果表明，3个群体粗蛋白含量的高低顺序依次为：B-＋群体（17．57％）、B群体（16．65％）、A群体（15．88％），但三群体之间没有显著性差异（P〉0．05）；而A群体的粗脂肪含量为2．04％，显著高于B群体的1．24％（P〈0．05）。3个群体中，B-＋群体的总氨基酸含量、必需氨基酸含量、鲜味氨基酸和脂肪酸中的EPA＋DHA含量均为最高，且必需氨基酸指数最高，为68．06；相比之下，A群体的上述各项指标值均较低。可见，以上三群体中杂交种群（B-＋）的肌肉营养品质较优，而人工养殖群体（A）的肌肉品质相对较差。     

渭河白杨水源地环境同位素研究

本文应用环境同位素（~（１４）Ｃ、~（１３）Ｃ、~３Ｈ、Ｄ及~（１８）Ｏ）对渭河白杨水源地地下水年龄、运移过程和一些水文地质参数进行了研究．研究结果表明，水源地潜水为现代水补给，氚含量较高，渭河河水对其补给量约占１／２左右；中、深层承压水补给途径较远，~（１４）Ｃ年龄分别为距今４０００～５０００年和７０００～８０００年。δＤ和δ~（１８）Ｏ值变化不大，说明主要来源于大气降水补给。     

酶分析法评价粗饲料纤维素化学成分的研究

应用“酶”分析法对几种粗饲料和不同精，粗饲料比的3种日粮的化学万分进行了分析，并利用低消化性纤维（Ob)含量不同的日粮进行了饲养和消化试验，结果表明，细胞内容物有机物部分（OCC）含量花生藤最高，稻杆含量最低；细胞壁物质有机物部分（OCW）中的Ob含量以稻杆最高，花生藤含量最低；日粮中精料比例每提高10%，Ob含量减少约2.3%；山羊的日增重以精，粗饲料比2：3，Ob含量37.75%的效果最好，日粮中Ob含量过多或过少，都将影响山羊的日增重，OCW中的高消化性纤维（Oa)的消化率为63.38%，Ob的消化率为19.21%。     

污染河流中苯系物对浅层地下水影响的室内模拟试验

为了研究污染河流中苯系物对浅层地下水的影响,室内试验选用3种天然砂土作为渗透介质,以生活污水模拟污染河流,68 d以后发现,苯、甲苯和苯系物总量的总去除率在粗砂中分别为32.06%、21.39%和27.13%。在两种中砂中总去除率2号柱为76.26%、81.40%和87.99%,3号柱为68.94%、74.41%和81.69%,粗砂小于中砂,并且由于2号柱的粘粒物质含量大,其总去除率大于3号柱和1号柱。苯系物各组分浓度随深度呈递减趋势,苯系物的净化作用主要发生在地表以下0.4 m范围内。水动力特征的改变影响污染物的迁移和转化特征,苯系物的去除机理为挥发、吸附和生物降解,其中最主要的是厌氧条件下的微生物降解。     

地球膨胀造陆与大陆极向运动

本研究对地球起源与海陆成因及变迁等问题进行论证，以物质运动基本原理（物质集中、能量释放）提出：“地球中间膨胀（释能）造陆、大陆向两极移动”的新学说（１９８２年）。认为地球成因与演变同其它天体一样，是在星际物质集中下发生的能量释放过程。由于地球水分子多，能量释放缓慢亦使陆地生成缓慢，陆地是其后产生的。陆地主要生成在地球自转离心力、日月引力、地球张力（内能膨胀）的最强区。这样不仅使地球会演变成椭球体，同时膨胀区大陆在向两极方向移动中，便发生海陆变迁与地表形变。     

马氏珠母贝育珠术前处理和术后休养期软体部生化组成的变化

以2龄马氏珠母贝为材料，建立S1（对照组）、S2（术前处理后不插核）、S3（术前处理后插核）和s4（不做术前处理直接插核）四个试验组，每组500个个体。比较研究了术前处理和休养期间各组软体部干重和糖、脂肪、蛋白质含量的差异。试验结果如下：（1）术前处理后，S2和S3组软体部干重显著小于S1组（P〈0．05）；S2组短期休养后恢复到S1组水平：S3组在休养期结束后仍然显著小于S1组（P〈0．05）。（2）插核后，S4组软体部干重显著小于S1组（p〈0．05）；休养20天后恢复到S1组水平；（3）术前处理后，S2和S3组的软体部糖、脂肪含量明显下降。（4）插核后，S4组的软体部糖、脂肪含量明显下降。（5）试验期间，各组蛋白质含量总体呈上升趋势。结果表明术前处理能够有效降低育珠贝的生理活性：术前处理的马氏珠母贝表现出补偿生长效应，并在营养限制或创伤后的恢复过程中，首先利用体内储存的糖原和脂肪。     

基于小波特征和神经网络的天然地震与人工爆破自动识别

采用福建地区天然地震和人工爆破事件波形记录，通过一维离散小波变换（DWT）及4层小波包变换（WPT）对信号进行分解，提取出用于识别的4种波形小波特征：小波能量比特征、小波包能量比特征、小波包香农熵特征及小波包对数能量熵，此外还提取出P/S震相振幅比；采用BP神经网络对4种小波特征及分别加入P/S震相振幅比的组合特征进行识别效果检验，结果表明，单小波判据小波能量比特征识别效果好；双判据组合P/S震相振幅比和小波包对数能量熵的组合识别效果最好，可考虑作为实际天然地震与人工爆破在线自动识别系统的识别判据。     

Changes in the Chemical Components of Light Crude Oil During Simulated Short Term Weathering

To unambiguously identify spilled oils and to link them to the known sources are extremely important in settling ques-tions of environmental impact and legal liability. The fate and behavior of spilled oils in the environment depend on a number of physicochemical and biological factors. This paper presents the results regarding changes in chemical composition of light crude oil during simulated short-term weathering based on natural environmental conditions. The results show that the saturated hydrocarbons of the light crude oil mainly distribute between n-C8 and n-C23 and the most abundant n-alkanes are found in the n-C10 to n-C16. The main chemical components of the light crude oil are n-alkanes and isoprenoids. The aromatic compounds are subordinate chemical components. Under the conditions of the weathering simulation experiment,n-alkanes less than n-C12,toluene and 1,3-dimethyl ben-zene are lost after 1 d weathering,the n-C13,n-C14,naphthalene and 2-methyl-naphthalene are lost on the fifth day of weathering,and n-C15 alkane components show certain weatherproof capability. The ratios n-C17/pristane and n-C18/phytane are unaltered and can be used to identify the source of the light crude oil during the first 8 d of weathering. After 21 d,the ratio pristine/phytane can not pro-vide much information on the source of the spilled light crude oil. Triterpanes(m/z 191) as biomarker compounds of light crude oil are more valuable.     

渤海湾歧口凹陷海底表层沉积物苯系物特征分析

通过分析渤海湾歧口凹陷99个站位的海底表层沉积物中的苯系物特征,发现苯与其余苯系物指标之间呈现弱相关性,其余苯系物之间表现为中等程度相关至极强相关。苯系物的降解特点是导致苯系物相关性特征的主要原因,因此应及时对样品进行苯系物含量检测。分析该研究区的苯系物的分布特征,表明苯系物与现有油气藏具有非常好的对应关系,构造对苯系物的分布具有导向性,苯系物的分布特征对油气藏具有非常好的指示意义。     

苯酚和十二烷基苯磺酸钠对奥尼罗非鱼的急性毒性及安全评价

用苯酚和十二烷基苯磺酸钠对奥尼罗非鱼进行急性毒性实验,以评价其在水环境中对奥尼罗非鱼的影响。研究表明:苯酚对奥尼罗非鱼的24、48、96 h的LC50分别为40.33、34.23、28.07 mg/L,十二烷基苯磺酸钠分别为10.06、9.14、8.48 mg/L;苯酚对奥尼罗非鱼SC及最大容许浓度MPC分别为2.807、0.281 mg/L,十二烷基苯磺酸钠对奥尼罗非鱼SC为0.848 mg/L,最大容许浓度MPC为0.085 mg/L。     

The effect of salinity on Fucus ceranoides (Ochrophyta,Phaeophyceae) in the Mondego River (Portugal)

Algae(and their extracts) are increasingly important for pharmaceutical applications due to the diversity of useful compounds they contain. The genus Fucus contains one of the most studied species,Fucus vesiculosus. The species F. ceranoides differs from the others of the genus by presenting longitudinal air-vesicles and a capacity to survive at low salinities. It is an alga that inhabits the Mondego River estuary(Portugal), at the southern limit of its distribution, and can serve as a role model to understand the effect of a salt gradient on the production of bioactive compounds. We assessed the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of different F. ceranoides extracts(e.g. methanolic, aqueous and polysaccharide) prepared from samples harvested from two different zones to evaluate if the adaptation of F. ceranoides to different salinity levels influenced its chemical composition. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was determined using 1,2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) and 2.2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)(ABTS)radicals. These assays demonstrated that the methanolic extract of lyophilized F. ceranoides that grew at low salinities was the most bioactive, i.e. DPPH(IC_(50)=50.39 μg/mL) and ABTS(TEAC=2.42). The total phenolic content(Folin-Ciocalteu method) and the methanolic extract of the lyophilized F. ceranoides collected from a low salinity habitat exhibited the highest phenolic content(PGE=49.48 μg/mg of lyophilized extract)amongst those sampled. Thin layer chromatography(TLC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) were used for the identification of compounds in the extracts. This characterization allowed confirmation that the various extracts contained almost the same compounds but with notable quantitative differences. Based on these results, we conclude that there were differences in the quantity of the compounds due to the effect of salinity. The drying methods used were also found to have influenced the quality of the extracted compounds.     

Research on purification and modification of I/S bentonite

Analyzing raw material's structure and performance of bentonite from Panzhihua in Sichuan, the authors think that it is adequate for agglomerant of iron smelting. According to its composition and property we have researched the purification and modification of I/S bentonite under conditions of different dispersants and sodium agent. XRD test result reveals that the essential minerals of Panzhihua bentonite are I/S mixed-layer ones, and FTIR analysis shows that when adding 1 5% sodium pyrophosphate to the bentonite slurry during purification, the composition of quartz in bentonite decreases to less than 4% and I/S is more than 90%. The optimized modification technic conditions are Na2CO3 (4%) and CMC-Na (3%) as modified agents, the clay and water are 10 vs. 1, and the temperature is 75℃. It is 40 min for stirring time and reacting time is 4 h. Under the conditions we can get the modified I/S bentonite with colloid index more than 500 ml/15 g.     

十二烷基苯磺酸钠—乙二胺对原油的乳化影响

为解决化学驱油体系中无机碱引起地层黏土膨胀、注采系统结垢等问题,充分发挥碱的作用,降低由传统无机碱带来的不利影响,以乙二胺(EDA)作为碱剂,与十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)复配,与孤东油田原油制备乳状液,考察温度、含水率、SDBS及EDA单独使用和复配使用时的质量分数、乙醇助剂等因素对乳状液的影响,使用析水率和微观结构观测相结合的方法分析乳状液的稳定性.结果表明,当温度低于70℃时,随着温度的升高,原油黏度下降很快;乳状液黏度随含水率的增大先升高后降低,含水率为50%时的黏度最高;50℃、油水质量比为1∶1时,质量分数不超过0.100%的SDBS和EDA单独使用时乳状液的析水率达到50%以上,乳化油滴数量较少;二者复配使用时乳状液的析水率可降至38%,且乳化油滴数量多,稳定性增强;质量分数为0.100%的乙醇助剂的加入可进一步使乳状液的析水率降至30%.     

Effects of Methyl Jasmonate on the Composition of Volatile Compounds in Pyropia yezoensis

Volatile organic compounds in marine algae have been reported to comprise characteristic flavor of algae and play an important role in their growth, development and defensive response. Yet their biogeneration remain largely unknown. Here we studied the composition of volatile compouds in Pyropia yezoensis and their variations in response to methyl jasmonate(MeJA) and diethyldithiocarbamic acid(DIECA) treatment using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). A total of 44 compounds belonging to the following chemical classes(n) were identified, including aldehydes(11), alcohols(8), acids and esters(6), alkanes(5), ketones(5), alkenes(3), and S-or N-containing miscellaneous compounds(6). External treatment with plant hormone MeJA increased the content of 1-dodecanol, 4-heptenal, and 2-propenoic acid-2-methyl dodecylester, but decreased the content of phytol, 3-heptadecene, 2-pentadecanone, and isophytol. When pretreated with DIECA, an inhibitor of the octadecanoid pathway leading to the biosynthesis of endogeneous jasmonates and some secondary metabolites, phytol and isophytol were increased, while 4-heptenal, 1-dodecanol, and 2-propenoic acid-2-methyl dodecylester were decreased, both of which were negatively correlated with their variations under MeJA treatment. Collectively, these results suggest that MeJA does affect the volatile composition of P. yezoensis, and the octadecanoid pathway together with endogenous jasmonate pathway may be involved in the biosynthesis of volatile compounds, thereby providing some preliminary envision on the composition and biogeneration of volatile compounds in P. yezoensis.     

DETERMINATION OF TRACE BENZENE HYDROCARBONS IN JIAOZHOU BAY BY ENRICHMENT AND CAPILLARY COLUMN GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY

Trare amounts of benzene hydrocarbons obtained in Jiaozhou Bay (Qindao) were enriched bysorption on a GDX-102 column and eluted by carbon disulfide. The eluted was concenttaled and then de-temened by capillary column gas cbornatognphy.The contents of virious kinds of benzene hydrocarbons in Jiaozhou Bay coastal water were benzene(22.3-141.6)× 10～(-9)g/L, toluate (15.2-94.0) × 10~(-9) g/L, ethyl benzene(11.8-85.1)×10~(-9) g/L, p -xylene(15.2-78.5) ×10(-9) g/L, m-xylene (10.9-79.4) ×10(-9) g/L, o -xylene (12.4-80.1) x ×10(-9)g/L; iso-propyl(8.4- 73.1) x ×10(-9)g/L, n -propyl (6.9-76.4) ×10(-9) g/L, 1, 3, 5-trimethylbenzene (10.9- 35.9)×10(-9) g/L, 1,2, 4-trimethybenzene (10.0- 38.0)×10(-9) g/L, n - butydriare (8. 1 - 34.6) ×10(-9)g/L. The recovery of benzenehydrocarbons was (85.1 -95.6)%.     

磺酸自硬砂引起球铁件表层异常组织的研究

通过实验研究,用甲苯磺酸作催化剂的呋喃树脂自硬砂与稀土镁作催化剂生产的球铁件,通常在其铸件表层出现异常组织。提出导致异常组织产生的原因,同时又降低了试件的冲击值,并且采用反应型或屏蔽型涂料将可防止球铁件表层异常组织缺陷,为生产性能良好的球铁件提供技术依据。