共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
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采用标准贯人试验法对抽取的汕尾市区34个野外钻孔资料进行液化分析,计算液化指数,判断液化等级,进而划分液化小区。结果表明,汕尾市区滨海堆积平原普遍存在砂土液化地震地质灾害,液化等级轻微、中等至严重均有分布,以中等液化为主。根据建筑物类别和工程建设场地的实际情况提出抗液化措施的建议。 相似文献
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砂土液化是一种危害性比较大的自然灾害,对砂土液化进行判定预测在地质灾害防治领域中有重要的研究意义。通过粗糙集理论(Rough Set,RS)对影响砂土液化的6个初始评价指标(包括震级、土深、震中距、地下水位、标贯击数和地震持续时间)进行属性约简,去掉冗余或干扰信息,得到基于4个核心预测指标的数据集。通过主成分分析法(Principal Component Analysis,PCA)从核心评价指标中提取出主成分,采用支持向量机(Support Vector Machine,SVM)对数据集进行训练,用遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm,GA)优化参数,建立砂土液化的RS-PCA-GA-SVM预测模型。并结合砂土液化实际数据将预测结果与基于Levenberg-Marquardt算法改进的BP神经网络模型(LM-BP)的预测结果做比较。实例计算表明:基于RS-PCA-GA-SVM模型得到的砂土液化预测结果精度较LM-BP神经网络有很大的提高,判别结果与实际情况比较吻合,可在实际工程中应用。 相似文献
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1976年唐山地震期间,附近一些地区出现了砂土液化现象。本文根据工程勘探中的实例及实验数据,进行了砂土液化作用的统计和综合预测。文章中采用贝叶斯准则下的逐步判别分析方法,对唐山地区已知液化地点和非液化地点,作了五种检验计算,挑选出准确度及可靠性最高的变量模式。从而,对于当地震为Ⅷ度烈度时的砂土液化进行了预测。五种预测结果相同,互相印证,可靠性高,分组最大后验概率大多在0.99以上。在此条件下,外推预测结果可信。工程实践中,迫切需要对砂土液化进行综合性预测,而一般采用地质学或试验方法,仅能对砂土液化作单因素或少量因素下的预测,本文提出了综合性的通用预测方法,为砂土液化统计预测提供了新途径。砂土液化是平原地区的一种重要地震灾害。国内外多次大地震中,都曾因饱水砂土受到地震作用,引起孔隙水压增高及砂粒间的结合力和摩擦力降低,而使砂层发生液化状态的流动,并伴随有地基承载能力降低或失效。1964年以来,新潟地震及阿拉斯加地震时,由砂土液化造成了罕见的灾害。激发了各国、尤其是美国和日本对砂土液化预测的研究。但还多是单因素或少量因素影响下的分析方法。未能进行综合分析及推断。采用数理统计方法,可以综合分 相似文献
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Prediction and prevention of the impacts of sea level rise on the Yangtze River Delta and its adjacent areas 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
The Yangtze River Delta region is characterized by high density of population and rapidly developing economy. There are low lying coastal plain and deltaic plain in this region. Thus, the study area could be highly vulnerable to accelerated sea level rise caused by global warming. This paper deals with the scenarios of the relative sea level rise in the early half period of the 21st century in the study area. The authors suggested that relative sea level would rise 25 50 cm by the year 2050 in the study area, of which the magnitude of relative sea level rise in the Yangtze River Delta would double the perspective worldwide average. The impacts of sea level rise include: (i) exacerbation of coastline recession in several sections and vertical erosion of tidal flat, and increase in length of eroding coastline; (ii) decrease in area of tidal flat and coastal wetland due to erosion and inundation; (iii) increase in frequency and intensity of storm surge, which would threaten the coastal protection works; (iv) reduction of drainage capacity due to backwater effect in the Lixiahe lowland and the eastern lowland of Taihu Lake region, and exacerbation of flood and waterlogging disasters; and (v) increase in salt water intrusion into the Yangtze Estuary. Comprehensive evaluation of sea level rise impacts shows that the Yangtze River Delta and eastern lowland of Taihu Lake region, especially Shanghai Municipality, belong in the district in the extreme risk category and the next is the northern bank of Hangzhou Bay, the third is the abandoned Yellow River delta, and the district at low risk includes the central part of north Jiangsu coastal plain and Lixiahe lowland. 相似文献
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How does river hydrology and morphology change due to tidal influence? We contend that this is a question of particular consequence to many earth surface disciplines, but one that has not been adequately addressed. Previous studies have relied on gradients in channel morphology and stratigraphy to infer energy regime of channels. However, in tidal rivers geomorphology influences the energy regime while the energy regime influences morphology; thus, geomorphic and stratigraphic patterns do not fully resolve the mechanisms which lead to change. We addressed this problem by comparing measurements of hydraulic energy and channel morphology along a tidal gradient to predictions of these characteristics in the absence of tides, and attributed the differences to tidal processes. Measurements of discharge, channel area, and energy dissipation (in kJ day–1) were made over a 24·8 hour period at four sites spanning the non‐tidal to tidal freshwater Newport River, NC. We then predicted those characteristics under non‐tidal conditions using hydraulic geometry relationships and literature values from coastal plain rivers. Discharge was enhanced more than 10‐fold by tide, and this tidal effect increased from upstream to downstream along the tidal gradient. Cross‐sectional area increased three‐fold due to tide. Energy dissipation measured in the upper tidal river was four‐fold lower than predicted to occur in the absence of tide because tides decreased average velocity and discharge. Energy dissipation measured downstream was similar to that predicted to occur without tides, although there was large uncertainty in predicted values downstream. While this limited dataset does not permit us to make broad generalizations for definitive models, it does provide a proof‐of‐concept for a new approach to addressing a critical problem at the interface of fluvial and coastal morphology. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Global mean sea level is a sensitive factor of climate change. Global warming will contribute to worldwide sea‐level rise from thermal expansion of ocean water, melting of glaciers and polar ice. Consideration of global soil erosion, water vapor cycle, and hydraulic actions suggests that soil erosion is another important factor contributing to sea‐level rise in addition to global warming. Much terrestrial sediment flows into the rivers each year but cannot be replenished, resulting in land surface declines. Moreover, sediment flow into rivers and oceans contributes to rising sea level. Ecological protection measure was proposed to prevent rising sea levels caused by soil erosion. This commentary should be useful to attract attention on rising sea levels caused by soil erosion. 相似文献
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太湖流域快速城镇化、水利工程等一系列人类活动对流域水文过程产生了深刻影响.本文以快速城镇化的杭嘉湖地区为例,基于1961-2014年逐日降雨、水位观测资料,构建了水位涨幅(ΔZ)、水位增长速率(k1)和退水速率(k2)等指标,旨在揭示变化环境下该地区降雨过程中水位的变化特征及可能的驱动因素.结果表明:1)变化环境下杭嘉湖地区近54年降雨量呈微弱的增加趋势,但降雨过程中的水位涨幅呈下降趋势,尤其是平均水位涨幅呈显著下降趋势,且于2000年左右发生明显变化;突变后水位涨幅下降主要集中在10~50 mm/d的降雨过程中,而大于50 mm/d的降雨过程中突变后水位涨幅较突变前有所升高.2)从空间分布上来看,各站降雨量与水位涨幅存在明显的空间差异,降雨量总体呈增加趋势,增加趋势东强西弱;大部分站点的水位涨幅却呈下降趋势,其中位于区域南部站点的平均水位涨幅下降趋势较东北部更为明显,水位涨幅呈显著下降站点的空间分布与杭嘉湖南排工程等水利工程的分布较为一致.3)通过对杭嘉湖地区降雨过程中水位增长速率和退水速率的变化分析发现,突变后较突变前退水速率有所提高,说明近年来水利工程等设施的完善和有序调度使得杭嘉湖地区的排洪能力有所提高,该变化可能是导致杭嘉湖地区地区突变后一定强度的降雨过程中水位涨幅下降的主要原因.而杭嘉湖地区强降雨过程中水位涨幅依然较高,可能是该地区洪峰水位居高不下的主要原因.此外,由于该地区近年来起涨水位抬升明显,对洪峰水位的抬升也有一定影响. 相似文献
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使用最小二乘支持向量机分类方法建立了两个砂土液化预测模型,预测结果与野外实际情况全部相符,表明该分类方法用于预测砂土液化是可行的,且预测准确率高。 相似文献
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