交易型展览创新功能的理论研究动向

传统观点认为交易型展览只有商品销售、国际贸易和市场营销功能。在互联网时代,这些功能在一定程度上受到电子商务的挑战。事实上,现代展览还可能具有政治、外交、教育、娱乐和创新等功能。对国内外相关文献进行分析,发现：有关交易型展览创新功能的研究文献主要涉及营销学和经济地理学,而不是旅游学。其中,营销学学者和经济地理学学者分别将展览视为临时市场和临时集群,并从多角度进行了研究。虽然营销学学者和经济地理学学者各自特别重视展览现场的信息沟通和知识转移对企业创新的影响,但都认为国际展览比国家和区域型展览具有更高的创新价值,并且参展者之间的关系建设是信息沟通和知识转移的重要前提。20世纪以来,两大学科学者（特别是国外学者）对交易型展览创新功能的研究日益增加。这些研究集中于解释展览的创新功能和探索展览创新功能发挥的机制。对主要研究成果从营销学和经济地理学两个角度按出版时间顺序进行了回顾,根据研究者的研究对象和建议提出了未来研究的四个主要方向：（1）重视展览类型对创新类型或阶段的影响;（2）展览溢出效应对企业创新的负面效应;（3）展览与其他会展活动的协同创新机制;（4）展览对城市产业和社会创新的贡献。     

农业产业集群创新效率及影响因素——基于山东省寿光蔬菜产业集群的实证分析

创新是当前农业产业集群研究的重要内容,掌握集群创新状况对指导农业产业集群发展具有重要意义。结合实地调研的数据,利用DEA-Tobit两阶段模型,对山东省寿光蔬菜产业集群企业创新效率及其影响因素进行研究。结果表明:寿光蔬菜产业集群规模已接近最优状态,综合创新效率处于中等偏上水平,但仍未达到最优状态,主要原因是集群在科研技术投入、创新资源利用配置等方面不足造成的。进一步Tobit回归的影响因素分析发现:企业知识技术吸收扩散能力、政府财政支持力度、企业家创新精神和企业发展的外向性与农业产业集群企业创新效率存在显著的正相关关系,而企业规模对农业产业集群企业创新效率影响并不显著。最后,根据集群创新影响因素分析,提出发展建议。     

Fostering renewable energy with smart specialisation? Insights into European innovation policy

ABSTRACT

The transition to a low-carbon economy is a major challenge confronting policymakers at all government levels. In the European Union (EU), ambitious targets for reductions in greenhouse gas emission are linked to aspirations of fostering green growth at national and regional levels. These aspirations have been manifested in a recent radical policy change through the introduction of the smart specialisation research and innovation strategy (RIS3) for national and regional development. The novelty of the RIS3 compared with previous EU innovation policy is that it aims to develop regional competitiveness based on the harnessing of regional assets rather than focusing on the provision of innovation infrastructure. In this article, the authors employ a mixed-methods research approach both to explore the nature and content of energy-related priority settings in RIS3 strategies in the EU and to address the question of regions’ abilities to foster renewable energy through their place-based strategies. The article contributes to the literature on policy strategies for realising EU energy and emissions targets and the RIS3 aim of developing competitive advantages. The main conclusions are that energy-related priority settings vary substantially within RIS3, and that regional innovation policy ambitions may be hindered by unconducive policy frameworks at national levels.     

中国三大区域经济类型及其发展战略研究

本文用现代经济增长发展理论,将人力资本、知识创新和制度创新作为经济增长的主要要素,按农业经济、工业经济、信息经济(知识经济)的经济形态,坚持以人为本的科学发展观,考察中国大陆省区市域的发展,通过对有关指标数据的主成份分析、聚类分析和回归分析,给出中国大陆经济发展形态的“三大区域(信息化地区、工业化地区、农业化地区)”划分,并对各省区市域发展知识经济、信息化和工业化等做出战略选择和政策建议。     

区域创新政策评价的框架、测度与检验

构建区域创新政策评价的理论框架,在宏观知识生产函数中引入信息化作为创新技术进步的替代变量,基于DEA与Malmquist指数,用全要素生产率指数存量来衡量区域创新政策。并以省际高技术产业为例进行了实证,研究结果表明：区域创新政策的特征和评价维度决定评价的多样性,基于政策效果与政策交互作用的区域创新政策评价具有重要意义;区域创新政策总体上处于稳步提高阶段,较低地区以西部中部地区为主;区域创新政策测度模型系统性较好,其检验方法有待进一步深化;采用政府研发经费投入作为区域创新政策的替代变量值得商榷。     

面向国民经济主战场的区域农业研究

中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所作为国内开展区域农业研究最早的研究机构之一,坚持遵循“面向国家需求,以任务带学科”的宗旨,基于农业生产及发展的阶段性和地域性特点,充分发挥地理学综合性和区域性的学科优势,完成了一系列前瞻性、战略性、引领性的区域农业研究成果,包括全国农业区划初步意见、新疆地区农业区划等,不仅成为区域农业研究的经典参考,同时也为国家及地方层面农业宏观调控提供了决策支持。承载80年的理论探索与经验总结,新时期地理资源所将在现有农业资源调查与区划、农业生态水文与气候、典型区粮食生产与安全、耕地利用保护与管理、农业经济管理与政策创新、乡村地域系统可持续发展等研究领域基础上,不断拓宽与丰富区域农业研究的内涵与价值,担负起服务国家战略制定实施、引领基础学科创新发展的时代重任。     

Evolving geographies of innovation: existing paradigms,critiques and possible alternatives

ABSTRACT

Theory development on the geographies of innovation has been very successful in incorporating the changing patterns of knowledge dynamics due to globalization, lifting the gaze beyond processes of localized learning and increasingly acknowledging the multilevel, multiscalar governance of innovation. Arguably less attention has been directed to the changing qualities and impacts of innovation as a result of globalization, notably in view of social polarization and climate change. The aim of the article is to provide suggestions for how research on the geography of innovation can be improved by engaging with a more capacious understanding of innovation and territorial development. The authors explore how socio-ecological innovation can be introduced in contemporary discussions and practices of place-based smart specialization policy. They conclude by suggesting that future research should address and interrogate (1) the rise of the foundational economy as an expression of place-based innovation, which entails new forms of co-governance, and (2) the challenge of experimentalism in the public sector, a sector that looms large in lagging regions and the places that were deemed not to matter until they took their revenge on the mainstream political system.     

中国高校创新产出的空间溢出效应与区域经济增长——基于省域数据的空间计量经济分析

采用空间计量经济学方法,基于2003~2012年中国省域高校创新产出及经济增长的统计数据,对中国省域高校创新产出的空间溢出效应及其对区域经济增长的影响进行测算与分析。结果表明：① 中国省域高校创新产出存在一定的空间依赖性,空间分布的不平衡性逐步加剧,从2003年的“沿海-沿江”分布进一步演变至2012年明显集聚在长江三角洲及山东、湖北、重庆等少数省域;② 空间计量模型结果表明,研究期内高校创新产出对区域经济增长的拉动作用不断提升;③ 计量结果显示,高校通过基础研究及产学研合作获得的创新产出对促进区域经济增长的贡献显著。     

Decision–making and innovation among small–scale yam farmers in central Jamaica: a dynamic, pragmatic and adaptive process

Many researchers in the Caribbean have protested the generally negative stereotyping of small–scale farmers and the small–scale domestic agricultural sector. The essence of this pejorative attitude is that small–scale farmers display apathy and resistance to change and are reluctant to accept innovations. A major reason for this perspective is a lack of knowledge and understanding of and sensitivity towards the factors that influence and inform farmers' decisions. Studying the decision–making of small–scale farmers can, therefore, shed light on their activities and help inform policymaking. This paper uses the example of small–scale yam farmers in central Jamaica to explore and investigate important issues related to decision–making innovations around four questions. Can the decisions of farmers about innovations be considered to be rational? What are the major factors that influence decision outcomes? Why do so many agricultural innovations and modernization initiatives that target small–scale farmers fail? Do farmers really shun innovations that have clear and obvious benefits and, if so, why?     

Facilitating Co-Production of Transdisciplinary Knowledge for Sustainability: Working with Canadian Biosphere Reserve Practitioners

Sustainability scientists argue that diverse knowledge holders should work together in social learning processes to co-produce knowledge in support of sustainability. Yet, how to co-produce such knowledge remains unexplored. A multi-year, national knowledge sharing partnership among Canadian biosphere reserve practitioners, academic researchers and policy advisors revealed that a skilled facilitator was necessary for successful knowledge co-production. We draw attention to the multiple barriers to learning and knowledge co-production, and to the skills required of the facilitator to address them. The facilitator helped draw together local and formalized western knowledge systems (weaving) and diffuse innovations across local sites (out-scaling) and between local sites and the broader program network (up-scaling). Our experience reveals that simply bringing parties together will not generate transformative change for sustainability. Rather, multi-lateral facilitators are needed to ensure deliberate and managed interventions and to institutionalize learning across a diverse collective.     

融合式研究趋势下的地理信息教学体系探索

城市研究的范式在大数据和人工智能的影响下已经发生了巨大变化。本文根据城市研究及地理信息科学的发展历程和学科脉络,提出城市空间信息学是社会和产业需求导向的一个新兴知识领域,也是融合式研究趋势下地理信息教学和研究的一个发展方向。城市规划和地理信息科学两大类专业虽然具备孵化出城市空间信息学人才的学科基础,但是其学科体系都需要较大的改变才能实现突破;从现有的学科设置的体系看,地理空间信息工程专业由于提供了同时培养学生系统思维、空间思维和计算思维的框架,具备发展城市空间信息学本科教育的入口。本文在此基础上提出了城市空间信息工程本科专业的培养方案设计思路,期望能够对城市空间信息学的学科发展以及教学研究带来讨论契机,并推动地理信息学科和城市规划学科的可持续发展。     

论地图学知识创新体系的构建

地图学是一门既古老又年青的学科,在地球科学中起着十分重要的作用。本文从探讨地图的科学价值和地图学学科归属入手,深入研究了地图学的知识创新和知识增长模式,制定了地图学的知识创新体系和研究方案,并讨论了三个核心创新点的实质、难点、创新途径等。本文认为,地图学的知识创新体现的是地图的科学价值的增殖,地图学的实际应用则体现了地图的社会功能的增强。地图学的知识创新方案应该包括从基础理论和应用基础理论研究,到技术创新,再到新产品开发和地图产业化的整个过程和体系。     

Progress of research on urban-rural transformation and rural development in China in the past decade and future prospects

Urban-rural transformation and rural development are issues at the forefront of research on the topic of the urban-rural relationship in the field of geography, as well as important practical problems facing China’s new urbanization and overall planning of urban and rural development. The Center for Regional Agricultural and Rural Development, part of the Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research under the Chinese Academy of Sciences, was established in 2005. The Center has laid solid foundations for integrating research in the areas of agricultural geography and rural development in China over the past decade. The paper aims to review the major achievements in rural geographical research in China during the past decade, analyze innovative developments in relevant theories and methods, and suggest prospects and countermeasures for promoting comprehensive studies of urban-rural transformation and rural geography. The research shows that innovative achievements have been made in rural geography studies of China in the past decade as major national policy development, outputs of result and decision making support; new breakthroughs have been achieved in such major research projects as geographical integrated theory, land remediation projects and technology demonstration projects, new urbanization and urban-rural integration; significant progress has been made in actively expanding the frontiers of rural geography and pushing forward theoretical innovations in land and resource projects; and, with China’s development goals of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and achieving modernization in mind, future innovative developments in agricultural and rural geography should aim to make research more strategic, systematic, scientific and security-oriented, with attention given to promoting systematic scientific research on international cooperation and global rural geography.     

近十年中国城乡转型与乡村发展研究进展和展望（英文）

Urban-rural transformation and rural development are issues at the forefront of research on the topic of the urban-rural relationship in the field of geography, as well as important practical problems facing China's new urbanization and overall planning of urban and rural development. The Center for Regional Agricultural and Rural Development, part of the Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research under the Chinese Academy of Sciences, was established in 2005. The Center has laid solid foundations for integrating research in the areas of agricultural geography and rural development in China over the past decade. The paper aims to review the major achievements in rural geographical research in China during the past decade, analyze innovative developments in relevant theories and methods, and suggest prospects and countermeasures for promoting comprehensive studies of urban-rural transformation and rural geography. The research shows that innovative achievements have been made in rural geography studies of China in the past decade as major national policy development, outputs of result and decision making support; new breakthroughs have been achieved in such major research projects as geographical integrated theory, land remediation projects and technology demonstration projects, new urbanization and urban-rural integration; significant progress has been made in actively expanding the frontiers of rural geography and pushing forward theoretical innovations in land and resource projects; and, with China's development goals of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and achieving modernization in mind, future innovative developments in agricultural and rural geography should aim to make research more strategic, systematic, scientific and security-oriented, with attention given to promoting systematic scientific research on international cooperation and global rural geography.     

中国中部地区技术关联对产业创新的影响研究

技术关联对地区产业创新和经济增长具有重要影响。本文从演化经济地理学认知邻近的视角出发,借助中部地区制造业企业数据和专利数据,运用技术关联分析方法,探究制造业四位数行业技术关联对产业创新的影响机制。结果表明：随着时间的推移,技术关联对创新能力较弱的中部地区产业创新的促进作用越来越强;对于资源型产业集中、经济发展前景不佳的山西省而言,技术关联的作用并不显著;技术关联对其他五省制造业创新具有正向作用,呈现中间强南北弱的空间格局;从产业门类看,技术关联对技术密集型产业创新促进作用最强,劳动密集型产业次之,资源密集型产业靠后,资本密集型产业最弱。     

农业科技园区的技术扩散

农业科技园区是农业创新发展的技术极,是新时期中国农业技术扩散的新模式.在系统梳理国内外农业技术扩散相关研究的基础上,从地理学视角提出了农业科技园区技术扩散的研究框架;分析了农业技术极的成长机制,农业技术扩散系统及其特征,构建了技术扩散环境评价指标体系;基于"基础"范式,探讨了农业科技园区技术扩散的时间过程特征(扩散阶段,扩散速度,扩散广度),空间过程特征(扩散效应,空间形式)及其影响机理,指出园区技术扩散遵循"点--轴"扩散的基本规律;基于"采用"范式,分析了农户技术采用的影响因素与机制,探讨了不同环境,不同属性技术对农户采用行为的影响.最后,指出农业科技园区技术扩散研究需要进一步探讨的问题.     

"Fostering Indigenous Innovation Capacities": The Development of Biotechnology in Shanghai's Zhangjiang High-Tech Park

The Chinese government has recently formulated a long-term strategy to "foster indigenous innovation capacities" across technology sectors. The government provides incentives to attract global R&D investment and strives to upgrade its economic structure to develop China into "an innovation nation." This paper examines the exact meaning of this policy in the context of biotechnology development in Shanghai's Zhangjiang High-Tech Park (ZJHP). We suggest that the role of the municipal state has been critical in the initial stage of biotech concentration in the park, and in the later stage biotech developments in ZJHP have been encouraged to become embedded in the global knowledge flow. The development of ZJHP reveals a hybrid approach to the governance of innovation in China, which combines the developmental state and entrepreneurialism at the scale of the science park as an urban project.     

Diffusion of geographic information innovations

Abstract

Appropriate diffusion of geographic information technologies is hampered by lack of systematic research on factors and processes affecting diffusion, utilization and impact assessment of the technologies and by a variety of conceptual and methodological problems. Diffusion of innovation principles developed in other fields, in combination with methods developed within the field of management information systems, provide an important beginning for improved understanding. This paper focuses on gaps in knowledge which might be addressed within the geographic information field by analysis techniques and research methodologies used in the diffusion of innovations.     

粤港澳大湾区建设国际科技创新中心的战略思考

基于对全球创新格局与趋势的探讨,以及对国际科技创新中心内涵与特性的解读,剖析了粤港澳大湾区当前建设国际科技创新中心所具备的优势与面临的挑战,并对科技创新中心建设提出几点战略性的思考。当前粤港澳大湾区正处于整体迈进知识经济时期,创新要素在地理空间上高度集聚,创新生态条件不断完善,创新全球化的影响在区域内初显,拥有雄厚的制造业基础,市场对创新的需求极为可观,基本具备建设国际科技创新中心的条件。但同时,我们应该看到由于粤港澳一体化的制度障碍以及巨大的区域内部差距,粤港澳大湾区的创新发展还存在创新要素聚而不联、创新要素流动不畅、体制机制转换对接困难、关键核心技术受制于人等现实挑战。在充分发挥粤港澳互补优势、补齐短板的基础上,粤港澳大湾区应立足源头创新,将建设国际产业创新策源地作为立区之本;实施产业驱动,将建设国际产业科技创新中心作为核心功能;推进制度创新,将建设协同创新示范区作为关键突破。以源头创新促产业创新,以制度改革推协同创新,最终实现粤港澳大湾区创新协同与一体化融合发展。     

创新政策环境对外商直接投资区位选择的影响——以珠江三角洲核心区六市为例

外商直接投资(FDI)企业按知识基础类型可分为解析型、合成型和象征型,从政策工具维度对珠江三角洲核心区六市2007-2016年的创新政策进行文本分析,以创新政策强度和创新政策协同度两个指标量化评估珠三角核心区六市创新政策环境,利用多项式逻辑回归模型识别和检验创新政策环境对异质性知识基础的外商直接投资企业区位选择的影响....