A microsatellite genetic linkage map of black rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli)

Ovoviviparous black rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) is an important marine fish species for aquaculture and fisheries in China. Genetic information of this species is scarce because of the lack of microsatellite markers. In this study, a large number of microsatellite markers of black rockfish were isolated by constructing microsatellite-enriched libraries. Female- and male-specific genetic linkage maps were constructed using 435 microsatellite markers genotyped in a full-sib family of the fish species. The female linkage map contained 140 microsatellite markers, in which 23 linkage groups had a total genetic length of 1334.1 cM and average inter-marker space of 13.3 cM. The male linkage map contained 156 microsatellite markers, in which 25 linkage groups had a total genetic length of 1359.6 cM and average inter-marker distance of 12.4 cM. The genome coverage of the female and male linkage maps was 68.6% and 69.3%, respectively. The female-to-male ratio of the recombination rate was approximately 1.07:1 in adjacent microsatellite markers. This paper presents the first genetic linkage map of microsatellites in black rockfish. The collection of polymorphic markers and sex-specific linkage maps of black rockfish could be useful for further investigations on parental assignment, population genetics, quantitative trait loci mapping, and marker-assisted selection in related breeding programs.     

Preliminary Study on the Water Drag of Schlegel＇s Black Rockfish Sebastes schlegeli

Drag forces acting on Schlegel‘s black rockfish Sebastes schlegeli were studied. A new drag force transducer was designed and used to measure the water drag on Schlegel‘s black rockfish in a vertical recirculating flume tank. Fourteen individuals were investigated, yielding two mean drag coefficients referred to the cross-sectional area and volume^2/3 respectively at water velocities ranging from 0.3 to 1.0 ms^-1 The drag coefficients can be used for estimating the drag forces acting on Sebastes schlegeli in water.     

Histological observation of germ cell development and discovery of spermatophores in ovoviviparous black rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli Hilgendorf) in reproductive season

Black rockfish(Sebastes schlegeli) is an important species for culture; however, its reproductive characteristics have not been fully documented. In this study, we investigated the morphology and developmental process of germ cells in this ovoviviparous rockfish in reproductive season(October 2011–November 2012) with histological methods. We found that the gonad of mature fish showed notable seasonal changes in developmental characteristics and morphological structure. The sperm cells matured during a period lasting from October to December, significantly earlier than the oocytes did. A large number of spermatozoa and other cells occurred in testis at different developmental stages. Vitellogenesis in oocytes began in October, and gestation appeared in April next year. Spermatophores were discovered for the first time in Sebastes, which assembled in testis, main sperm duct, oviduct and genital tract, as well as ovarian cavity in October and April. These organs may serve either as production or hiding places for spermatophores and spermatozoa which were stored and transported in form of spermatophores. Testicular degeneration started from the distal part of testis in April, with spermatophores assembled in degenerating testis and waiting for transportation. The copulation probably lasted for a long period, during which the spermatozoa were discharged in batches as spermatophores. These spermatophores were coated with sticky materials secreted from the interstitial areas of testis and the main sperm duct, then transported into ovary.     

Feasibility of partial replacement of fishmeal with proteins from different sources in diets of Korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli)

An 8-week feeding experiment was conducted in an indoor recirculation seawater system to investigate the effects of partial replacement of dietary fishmeal with proteins from five sources on the growth performance and feed utilization of Sebastes schlegeli. Six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated using fishmeal (FM, the control) as sole protein source, or proteins from five sources including poultry by-product meal (PBM), meat and bone meal (MBM), soybean meal (SBM), cottonseed meal (CSM) and canola meal (CNM). Fifteen percent of the crude protein provided by fish meal was replaced, respectively. The results showed that the differences in specific growth rate (SGR) and survival rate (SR) among fish fed PBM, MBM, SBM, CSM and whole FM diets were not significant. However, SGR and SR of fish fed CNM diet was significantly lower than that of other treatments. Feeding rate, feed conversion, nutrient retention showed similar patterns to that of growth. Fish fed CSM and CNM showed significantly lower apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of dry matter and gross energy than those fed others while fish fed CNM showed lower ADC of crude protein than those fed others (P<0.05). These results suggested that it was feasible to substitute 15% dietary protein provided by fishmeal with PBM, MBM, SBM and CSM, respectively, but not with CNM as the replacement with CNM reduced fish growth and feed utilization.     

The effect of current and wave on whitecap coverage via relative speed： the Atlantic Ocean case

Whitecapping plays an important role in many air-sea exchange and upper ocean processes. Traditionally, whitecap coverage is parameterized as a function of wind speed only. At present, the relative speed of ocean current to wind is considered to be important in the air-sea exchange parameterization which is the function of wind speed only. In this paper, the effects of ocean surface velocity (current velocity and wave induced velocity) and the wave parameters on whitecap coverage through relative speeds are investigated, by applying a 2-parameter whitecap coverage model to the Atlantic Ocean. It is found that the impacts of both current and wave on whitecap coverage are considerable in the most part of the Atlantic Ocean. It is interesting that the effect of wave is more significant than that of current.     

Impacts of wave and current on drag coefficient and wind stress over the tropical and northern Pacific

By taking into consideration the effects of ocean surface wave-induced Stokes drift velocity U,w and current velocityU,c on the drag coefficient,the spatial distributions of drag coefficient and wind stress in 2004 are computed over the tropical andnorthern Pacific using an empirical drag coefficient parameterization formula based on wave steepness and wind speed.The globalocean current field is generated from the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) and the wave data are generated from Wave-watch Ⅲ (WW3).The spatial variability of the drag coefficient and wind stress is analyzed.Preliminary results indicate that theocean surface Stokes drift velocity and current velocity exert an important influence on the wind stress.The results also show thatconsideration of the effects of the ocean surface Stokes drift velocity and current velocity on the wind stress can significantly im-prove the modeling of ocean circulation and air-sea interaction processes.     

夏季黄海冷水团的多年际变化及原因浅析

基于ROMS(the Regional Ocean Model System)模式,以等温线范围变化作为黄海冷水团范围变化的示性指标,采用谱分析及相关分析的方法,分析夏季黄海冷水团范围变化。结果表明:黄海冷水团范围的变化存在明显的年变化特征,与纬向风速和经向风速相关,风速大则范围就大;黄海冷水团的范围还存在着5年的周期变化特征,其与ENSO现象相关;厄尔尼诺年时,滞后17个月的黄海冷水团的分布范围一般会较小;而拉尼娜年时,滞后17个月的黄海冷水团的分布范围会比较大。     

大别山东麓河流阶地初步研究

基于遥感解译、野外调查、光释光(OSL)测年和无人机地形测绘,对大别山东麓桐城-太湖段河流阶地发育特征与变形情况进行初步研究。结果表明：1）大别山东麓河流阶地发育较差,各中小型河流普遍发育一级阶地,少数大型河流发育2级阶地;2）大别山东麓河流T1阶地形成时代为晚更新世晚期至全新世早期(约25 ka BP~12 ka BP),T2阶地形成时代为晚更新世中期(约55 ka BP);3）郯庐断裂带大别山东麓段自河流T2阶地形成以来未发生明显活动,该段最新活动时代为中更新世。     

STUDY ON THE FORECAST METHOD FOR THE IMPACT OF CROSSWAY ON TIDAL CURRENT FIELD IN SEA AREA

This paper's method simulates the tidal current field near piles to derive and predict the scale oftheir impacts on the tidal current field, and presents the empirically obtained damp coefficient needed inpedicting the current field. The substituted plans used in the prediction are studied using Qingdao.Crossway as an example.     

凡纳滨对虾快速生长家系选育的初步研究

采用群体选择和家系选择相结合的方法,收集有代表性的优良群体103个,经过2代的群体选育,保留5个基础群体进行家系选育,育出全同胞家系180个,半同胞家系60个,选留其中的35个家系作为下一代的亲本,选育的D2家系生长速度与进口F1代相接近,养殖有效积温2 000℃时体重分别为26.17 g和26.47 g,抗WSSV能力较进口F1代强,感染WSSV 5 d死亡率分别为53.57%和72.73%。提出用等同的有效积温的体重来比较不同家系的生长,用生长速度、存活率和个体均匀度作为家系选育的指标。     

福州土地利用变化及其驱动力多元综合分析

运用地球信息技术对福州土地利用变化特征和驱动力进行了深入分析。主要以TM数据作为信息源获取两时相土地利用状况及其变化信息:用GPS快速提供变化区准确的空间位置信息和野外调查时的快速定位;并利用GIS对多种数据进行处理、集成管理、空间统计和相关分析;对土地利用变化驱动力进一步研究。     

安庆湿地信息系统结构与功能分析

湿地是一种重要的土地资源,也是人类生产、生活资料的重要源泉。利用GIS、RS、GPS技术研究湿地资源具有重要意义。安庆湿地由龙感湖、黄大湖、泊湖、菜子湖等组成。该区生物多样性和物种稀有性方面有其独特的意义,对研究人为活动影响下,湖泊湿地的发展变化及恢复有重要作用。建立湿地信息系统,为加强安庆湿地资源的开发利用和规划管理提供决策服务。     

德州市城乡一体化地籍管理系统建设初探

以山东省德州市为例,系统阐述了不动产统一登记背景下的城乡一体化地籍管理信息系统建设,基于ArcGIS图形平台和Oracle数据库平台,对已有农村集体土地所有权、集体土地使用权和城镇国有建设用地使用权登记信息数据等进行整合,设计开发了城乡一体化土地登记管理子系统、地籍图形变更子系统、地籍信息系统社会化应用系统,初步建成了不动产登记中的地籍信息数据中心。     

马氏珠母贝幼虫假单胞菌病的初步研究

马氏珠母贝人工育苗过程中幼虫经常发生一种严重的病害。发病幼虫症状如下：消化盲囊颜色由正常的均匀的黄绿色变成不均匀的茶褐色或无色;胃中的食物长时间不能消化并变成茶褐色;幼虫趋光性差,活力弱,不能集群,不久即大量下沉死亡。对发病幼虫进行了细菌的分离和纯化,得到3株纯化的菌株,对“D”型幼虫的人工感染试验证实：9401和9402两株菌株是致病菌,通过对细菌进行群体及个体形态观察、生化实验,鉴定9401和9402两株菌株均属假单胞菌（Pseudomonas）。对这2株菌株进行了药物敏感试验、药物预防试验,结果表明,2株菌株对氯霉素、痢特灵、氟哌酸敏感,2×10－6氯霉素可达到预防的目的。     

牙鲆出血性败血病病原的初步研究

经病原菌的分离、纯化、人工感染和生理生化测定 ,认为变异微球菌为牙鲆出血性败血病的病原菌。菌体为圆形或椭圆形 ,单个、成对排列或成短链、四联及不规则的堆团。单个菌大小为 0 .5～ 1.8μm。无鞭毛 ,不运动 ,无牙孢 ,无荚膜。革兰氏阳性 ,不抗酸。好氧菌、葡萄糖 O- F试验为氧化型。测定的2 2种糖苷醇类中 ,仅葡萄糖、D-果糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖、甘油为好氧产酸 ,D-甘露糖弱产酸 ,且均不产气。氧化酶、过氧化氢酶阳性 ,硝酸盐还原、美兰还原为阳性。甲基红、V- P反应为阳性。能水解明胶、马尿酸钠 ,不能水解七叶苷、淀粉。不产生硫化氢、吲哚。不能利用柠檬酸盐、丙二酸盐。精氨酸双水解酶、赖氨酸脱羧酶、鸟氨酸脱羧酶、脲酶阴性 ,卵磷脂酶、凝固酶阳性。不溶血。先锋霉素、氯霉素、青霉素、红霉素为该病原菌的敏感药物     

P波初动包络线增长率区域特征的初步讨论

使用B-Δ方法对日本东北地区265个地震事件进行分析,得到该地区P波初动包络线增长率,研究其区域差异特性。利用P波初动2～3 s的数据,通过经验公式预测地震震中距;通过对P波初动波形拟合公式Bt·exp(－At)得到拟合参数A和B;在确定公式斜率值后,得到经验系数c值。结果显示,该地区记录到的地震波P波包络线增长率存在一定的深度依赖性,深度较小的地震得到较小的c值,即表现出较为平缓的P波包络线增长率;深度较大的地震得到较大的c值,即表现出较为陡峭的P波包络线增长率。     

中越北部湾红树林差异性研究

红树林是一种能够同时适应海洋和陆地的一种特殊植物种类,分布在约30°S~30°SN之间的热带、亚热带海岸和河口交界的潮间带上。红树林的分布除了受自然条件和气候的制约,还受一定程度的人为活动的干扰。本文选取了地貌、气候相似和经济发展不同的中国广西段和越南北部段的2个相邻海岸作为研究区,基于Landsat TM遥感影像,采用监督分类和人工解译的方法,获取了研究区1988、2000和2015年3个时期的红树林分布数据,并对比分析了2个岸段红树林时空转化、景观格局变化及驱动力的差异。研究表明：① 1988-2015年,中国广西段红树林面积呈增长趋势,2000年比1988年增长18%、2015年比2000年增长了75%;越南北部段先减少后增加,2000年红树林面积比1988年减少了20%,2015年比2000年增加了50%;② 红树林景观格局方面,中国广西段红树林平均斑块面积相对较小、破碎程度高,斑块形状较规则,趋近于正方形,受人为因素干扰程度较大,而越南北部段红树林斑块面积大、破碎化程度低,斑块呈带状或条状分布,受人为因素干扰的程度较小。 ③ 主要人为驱动因素方面,影响中国广西段红树林变化的主要人为驱动因素是变化的,1988-2000年以围垦建造养殖池为主,2000-2015年则以城镇用地和工矿建设为主,而越南北部段在1988-2015年一直以围垦养殖池为主。