低周反复荷载下钢筋钢纤维混凝土连梁的斜截面承载力

通过低周反复荷载下5个钢筋钢纤维混凝土连梁和1个普通钢筋混凝土连梁的抗剪性能试验,研究了钢纤维对钢筋混凝土连梁裂缝和破坏形态的影响,探讨了钢筋钢纤维混凝土连梁的斜截面承载力随钢纤维掺量的变化规律,结合普通钢筋混凝土连梁斜截面承载力的计算方法,提出了钢筋钢纤维混凝土连梁斜截面承载力的计算公式,比较结果表明,计算值和试验值吻合较好。     

Evaluation of plastic energy dissipation capacity of steel beams suffering ductile fracture under various loading histories

The energy dissipation capacity of a structure is a very important index that indicates the structural performance in energy‐based seismic design. This index depends greatly on the structural components that form the whole system. Owing to the wide use of the strong‐column weak‐beam strength hierarchy where steel beams dissipate the majority of earthquake input energy to the structures, it is necessary to evaluate the energy dissipation capacity of the beams. Under cyclic loadings such as seismic effects, the damage of the beams accumulates. Therefore, loading history is known to be the most pivotal factor influencing the deformation capacity and energy dissipation capacity of the beams. Seismic loadings with significantly different characteristics are applied to structural beams during different types of earthquakes and there is no unique appropriate loading protocol that can represent all types of seismic loadings. This paper focuses on the effects of various loading histories on the deformation capacity and energy dissipation capacity of the beams. Cyclic loading tests of steel beams were performed. In addition, some experimental results from published tests were also collected to form a database. This database was used to evaluate the energy dissipation capacity of steel beams suffering from ductile fracture under various loading histories. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Seismic collapse capacity of basic inelastic structures vulnerable to the P‐delta effect

The collapse capacity of earthquake‐excited inelastic nondeteriorating SDOF systems, which are vulnerable to the destabilizing effect of gravity loads (P‐delta effect), is evaluated. In this paper, the collapse capacity of the system subjected to a ground motion is defined as spectral acceleration at its initial structural period, at which the structure becomes unstable. Characteristic structural parameters, which affect the collapse capacity, are identified. Ground motion records of the ATC 63 far‐field set characterize severe earthquake excitation. In extensive incremental dynamic analyses studies, the impact of these parameters and of aleatory uncertainties on the collapse capacity is assessed and quantified. Median and percentile collapse capacities are plotted against the initial structural period leading to collapse capacity spectra. Nonlinear regression analyses are applied to derive analytical expressions of the design collapse capacity spectra and collapse fragility curves. The ultimate objective is to provide collapse capacity spectra for easy application and yet sufficient accurate assessment of the dynamic stability of flexible multistory buildings. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

方钢管混凝土柱-不等高钢梁框架节点抗剪承载力分析

为研究方钢管混凝土柱-H型不等高钢梁框架节点的抗剪承载力,分析其破坏机理,建立适用于不等高钢梁节点的抗剪计算模型,提出了节点的抗剪承载力计算公式,比较了基于不同抗剪模型建立的抗剪承载力计算值与试验值的差异性。结果表明:节点域的破坏模式主要为上核心区的剪切斜压破坏;节点域抗剪承载力主要由钢管腹板、核心区混凝土主斜压杆及约束斜压杆共同承担。对比分析表明:提出的节点屈服抗剪承载力和极限抗剪承载力理论公式计算值更为接近试验值,验证了方钢管混凝土柱-不等高钢梁框架节点传力机理和承载力计算公式的正确性。     

Consolidation of inelastic clays under rectangular cyclic loading

This paper presents a semi-analytical solution for one dimensional consolidation problem of inelastic clays under cyclic loading considering the effect of the change of the consolidation coefficient of the soil layer. Due to change of the consolidation coefficient, and time-dependant loading, Terzaghi's theory would not be applicable in cyclic conditions. In this research, a method based on the time variable exchange along with the superimposing rule is employed to overcome these shortcomings. Changes in the consolidation coefficient are applied in the solution by modifying the loading and unloading durations introducing a Virtual Time. Based on the superimposing rule a set of continuous static loads in specified times are used instead of the cyclic load in the transformed time space. Each full cycle of loading is replaced by a pair of static loads with different signs. Based on the Terzaghi's theory the pore-water pressure distribution and the degree of consolidation are calculated for each static load and the results are superimposed. A set of laboratory consolidation tests under cyclic load and numerical analysis are performed in order to verify the presented method. The numerical solution and laboratory tests results showed the accuracy of the presented method.     

Experimental study on the bidirectional inelastic deformation capacity of U‐shaped steel dampers for seismic isolated buildings

Hysteretic dampers are used to dissipate earthquake‐induced energy in base‐isolated structures by acquiring inelastic deformations, rendering their hysteretic behavior of vital importance. The present paper focuses on investigating the behavior of U‐shaped steel dampers under bidirectional loading; this is significantly different from their corresponding uniaxial behavior. Two main sets of loading tests on full‐scale specimens are conducted in this regard: (i) quasi‐static tests with simple histories and (ii) dynamic tests with realistic loading histories. Based on the results obtained in the quasi‐static tests, an interaction curve that accounts for the reduction of the cyclic deformation capacity is proposed. However, the fidelity of this relation must be assessed under loading conditions similar to those of a seismically isolated structure subjected to an earthquake, which represents the goal of the second set of tests. The results of the dynamic tests validate the proposed interaction curve for estimating the deformation capacity of U‐shaped steel dampers under bidirectional loading. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effect of types of reinforcement on plastic hinge rotation parameters of RC beams under pushover and cyclic loading

Experimental evaluation of reinforced concrete beam specimens with different characteristics of reinforcement subjected to pushover and cyclic loading is presented.Plastic hinge rotation parameters are determined based on the idealization of pushover and hysteresis curves of reinforced concrete beam specimens constructed in two percentage of reinforcement(0.471%and 0.71%) with different ductile characteristics.The experimental test results provide a clear demarcation of the effect of types of loading and the types of reinforcement on the nonlinear performance characteristics of beam specimens.These results are helpful to update the nonlinear modeling parameters of beam components for the specific type of reinforcement used in the construction of a structure.The updated non-linear modeling parameters of beam components in lumped plasticity model are compared with the values of ASCE/SEI 41-06(2007) used for the performance based design of structures.     

Earthquake collapse analysis of steel frames

The non-linear response of planar moment-resistant steel frames is investigated with regard to P-Δ-type collapses under severe earthquake ground motions. The frame model employs configuration updating, fibre-type beam-column members with geometric stiffness, panel zone elements at the beam-to-column junctions, and realistic hysteretic relations which are used for both the fibres and panel zones. Frame design follows the 1991 Uniform Building Code, and three panel zone designs are considered. It is found that P-Δ collapse of the 20-storey frame examined results from the formation of a collapse mechanism involving the lowest few stories. Column hinging occurs even though the code requirement that column strength exceed beam strength is satisfied. Among the different panel zone designs, the weakest one proved most resistant to developing a collapse mechanism in the frame.     

Effect of gravity framing on the overstrength and collapse capacity of steel frame buildings with perimeter special moment frames

This paper investigates the effect of the gravity framing system on the overstrength and collapse risk of steel frame buildings with perimeter special moment frames (SMFs) designed in North America. A nonlinear analytical model that simulates the pinched hysteretic response of typical shear tab connections is calibrated with past experimental data. The proposed modeling approach is implemented into nonlinear analytical models of archetype steel buildings with different heights. It is found that when the gravity framing is considered as part of the analytical model, the overall base shear strength of steel frame buildings with perimeter SMFs could be 50% larger than that of the bare SMFs. This is attributed to the gravity framing as well as the composite action provided by the concrete slab. The same analytical models (i) achieve a static overstrength factor, Ω_s larger than 3.0 and (ii) pass the collapse risk evaluation criteria by FEMA P695 regardless of the assigned total system uncertainty. However, when more precise collapse metrics are considered for collapse risk assessment of steel frame buildings with perimeter SMFs, a tolerable probability of collapse is only achieved in a return period of 50 years when the perimeter SMFs of mid‐rise steel buildings are designed with a strong‐column/weak‐beam ratio larger than 1.5. The concept of the dynamic overstrength, Ω_d is introduced that captures the inelastic force redistribution due to dynamic loading. Steel frame buildings with perimeter SMFs achieve a Ω_d > 3 regardless if the gravity framing is considered as part of the nonlinear analytical model representation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

钢框架异型节点核心区的受剪机理及承载力计算

为了研究钢框架异型节点的抗震性能以及节点两侧梁的截面高度比和轴压比对核心区抗剪承载力的影响,对6个强构件弱节点型式的异型节点进行了低周反复加载试验,获得了异型节点的破坏模式、滞回性能和承载能力。理论分析和试验结果表明,异型节点在加载过程中上核心区先发生屈服,紧接着下核心区屈服,最终破坏模式有4种;异型节点下核心区对上核心区有约束作用,使得上核心区屈服以后,其所受的剪力仍可以增大,直到下核心区屈服;常规节点核心区的抗剪承载力计算公式对异型节点核心区已不适用。根据试验结果,推导了异型节点核心区的抗剪承载力计算公式。     

往复荷载作用下矩形钢管混凝土压弯构件承载力计算

本文基于往复荷载作用下矩形钢管混凝土压弯构件的实验结果，比较了国内外比较典型的设计规范(程)，包括英国BS5400(1979)、美国ACI318—99(1999)和AISC-LRFD(1999)、日本AIJ(1997)、欧洲EC4(1994)、中国GJB4142-2000(2001)和福建省地方标准(送审稿)，及本文数值方法在计算往复荷载作用下矩形钢管混凝土压弯构件承载力的差异。结果表明，在进行往复荷载作用下矩形钢管混凝土压弯构件承载力计算时，各种计算方法获得的承载力都偏于安全，其中，数值计算结果与实验结果最接近，GJB4142—2000(2001)的计算结果与实验结果吻合程度稍差，ACI318—99(1999)，EC4(1994)和福建省地方标准(送审稿)的计算结果比实验结果约低20％，而BS5400(1979)、AISC—LRFD(1999)和AIJ(1997)的计算结果比实验结果总体上低30％以上。本文结果可供进行矩形钢管混凝土结构设计时参考。     

损伤谱在结构抗震性能评估中的应用

改进能力谱法可以较好地评估结构抗震性能,在工程中得到了广泛的应用.本文在此基础上指出,由改进能力谱方法求得的延性是结构的延性需求,并不是结构的实际延性能力,不能以此代表结构在罕遇地震作用下的实际抗震能力.其次,基于弹塑性损伤反应谱(简称"RD谱"),结合模态Pushover分析,提出了基于RD谱的能力谱分析方法,通过R...     

考虑结构构件退化特性评估大震下RC框架抗整体性倒塌能力

基于大震和特大震下倒塌率目标的抗震分析与设计是结构抗震领域的主要发展方向,而大震及特大震作用下结构抗整体性倒塌能力的准确评估是其中的关键科学问题。首先对国内外结构抗整体性倒塌能力的研究工作进行了总结,重点介绍了多种微观和宏观本构模型特性及大震作用下考虑结构构件退化特性对抗整体性倒塌能力的影响。在此基础上,详细阐述了通过增量动力分析获得结构抗倒塌能力易损性曲线及确定结构抗倒塌能力极限状态的方法。最后以一个RC单层单跨平面框架结构分析模型为例,利用OpenSees分析软件,研究了钢筋后期强度退化对结构抗整体性倒塌能力评估结果的影响,结果表明不考虑钢筋后期强度退化会明显高估结构的抗倒塌能力。     

Variance of collapse capacity of SDOF systems under earthquake excitations

The variance of collapse capacity is an important constituent of probabilistic methodologies used to evaluate the probability of collapse of structures subjected to earthquake ground motions. This study evaluates the effect of ground motion randomness (i.e. record‐to‐record (RTR) variability) and uncertainty in the deterioration parameters of single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) systems on the variance of collapse capacity. Collapse capacity is evaluated in terms of a relative intensity defined as the ratio of ground motion intensity to a structure strength parameter. The effect of RTR variability on the variance of collapse capacity is directly obtained by performing dynamic analyses of deteriorating hysteretic models for a set of representative ground motions. The first‐order second‐moment (FOSM) method is used to quantify the effect of deterioration parameter uncertainty. In addition to RTR variability, the results indicate that uncertainty in the displacement at the peak (cap) strength and the post‐capping stiffness significantly contribute to the variance of collapse capacity. If large dispersion of these parameters exists, the effect of uncertainty in deterioration parameters on the variance of collapse capacity may be comparable to that caused by RTR variability. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

低周反复荷载下预应力高性能混凝土梁的抗震性能

基于预应力高性能混凝土梁的低周反复荷载试验，对其破坏形态、滞回曲线、延性、耗能能力、刚度退化、变形恢复能力等抗震性能进行了较为深入的研究。研究结果表明：预应力高性能混凝土梁具有较好的抗震性能。     

多层钢框架连续倒塌动力效应分析

为研究多层钢框架连续倒塌由于初始破坏引起的动力效应,本文采用集中塑性铰杆模型,以需求能力比(DCR)为参数,利用瞬时加载法对一榀多层平面钢框架和一个多层空间钢框架进行了弹塑性动力反应分析。分析结果表明:随着DCR的增大,各柱列沿竖向动力放大效应基本不变;当DCR≤0.5时,随着DCR的增大,各柱列动力放大效应基本不变,且一般情况下含失效构件的柱列动力放大效应最显著;当DCR>0.5时,含失效构件的柱列动力放大效应随着DCR的增大而增大,其余柱列动力放大效应随着DCR的增大而减小或基本不变。     

设置粘滞阻尼器的钢框架防连续性倒塌分析

为了研究设置有粘滞阻尼器的减震钢框架结构的防连续倒塌性能,对设置阻尼器的减震钢框架和未设置阻尼器的原钢框架分别进行了地震弹塑性时程分析,比较了两种情况下的层间位移角.分析结果表明,地震作用下,与原结构相比减震结构的层间位移角最大降低了64.3％.接着采用瞬时加载法对底层各柱失效时的减震钢框架和不设置阻尼器的原钢框架分别进行了动力倒塌分析,比较了减震结构和原结构防连续倒塌的能力,分析结果表明,底层柱失效时,减震结构各柱端点处位移均比原结构降低,最大处降低了63.5％.因此减震结构的阻尼器对结构防连续倒塌能起到较大的作用.     

Evaluating the inelastic displacement ratios of moment-resisting steel frames designed according to the Egyptian code

Seismic codes estimate the maximum displacements of building structures under the design-basis earthquakes by amplifying the elastic displacements under the reduced seismic design forces with a deflection amplification factor(DAF). The value of DAF is often estimated as ρ× R, where R is the force reduction factor and ρ is the inelastic displacement ratio that accounts for the inelastic action of the structure according to the definition presented by FEMA P695. The purpose of this study is to estimate the ρ-ratio of moment resisting steel frames(MRSFs) designed according to the Egyptian code. This is achieved by conducting a series of elastic and inelastic time-history analyses by two sets of earthquakes on four MRSFs designed according to the Egyptian code and having 2, 4, 8 and 12 stories. The earthquakes are scaled to produce maximum story drift ratios(MSDRs) of 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% and 2.5%. The mean values of the ρ-ratio are calculated based on the displacement responses of the investigated frames. The results obtained in this study indicate that the consideration of ρ for both the roof drift ratios(RDRs) and the MSDRs equal to 1.0 is a reasonable estimation for MRSFs designed according to the Egyptian code.     

Test on full‐scale three‐storey steel moment frame and assessment of ability of numerical simulation to trace cyclic inelastic behaviour

A test on a full‐scale model of a three‐storey steel moment frame was conducted, with the objectives of acquiring real information about the damage and serious strength deterioration of a steel moment frame under cyclic loading, studying the interaction between the structural frame and non‐structural elements, and examining the capacity of numerical analyses commonly used in seismic design to trace the real cyclic behaviour. The outline of the test structure and test program is presented, results on the overall behaviour are given, and correlation between the experimental results and the results of pre‐test and post‐test numerical analyses is discussed. Pushover analyses conducted prior to the test predicted the elastic stiffness and yield strength very reasonably. With proper adjustment of strain hardening after yielding and composite action, numerical analyses were able to accurately duplicate the cyclic behaviour of the test structure up to a drift angle of 1/25. The analyses could not trace the cyclic behaviour involving larger drifts in which serious strength deterioration occurred due to fracture of beams and anchor bolts and progress of column local buckling. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.