LNG储罐混凝土外罐竖向预应力筋的张拉顺序

针对某50 000 m3 LNG储罐(液化天然气储罐)外罐竖向预应力筋张拉顺序,根据混凝土和预应力钢绞线的本构关系,应用ANSYS有限元软件,建立LNG储罐混凝土外罐和预应力钢绞线有限元模型.通过等效降温法模拟预应力筋的张拉,实现四点、三点、二点对称张拉模拟实验,在不同张拉方法下得到储罐外罐应力、位移及其变化规律.结果...     

LNG储罐混凝土外罐环向预应力筋的张拉顺序

以某工程50 000 m3大型LNG储罐(液化天然气储罐)为例,利用ANSYS有限元软件对其进行模拟实验,对LNG储罐外罐预应力筋自上向下和自下向上2种张拉顺序进行数值模拟,得到不同张拉顺序下外罐混凝土应力、位移及其变化规律.结果表明:张拉过程中,自上向下张拉时混凝土的应力低于自下向上张拉的;应变基本相等,变化规律也相...     

敞口锚固式储罐壳液耦合有限元分析

为获得储罐的自振特性(频率和振型),建立2 000 m3敞口锚固式储罐有限元模型,分析储罐壳液耦合模态,得到储罐的前3阶储液晃动频率(0.247,0.418,0.517 Hz)、壳液耦合振动频率(6.087,12.748,21.77 Hz)及相应的振型,其中晃动频率与振动频率分别与文献对比最小和最大误差分别为1.2％,...     

JPL行星历表的发展及比较

基于DE405、DE421、DE430、DE440星历,计算各大行星在地球质心及太阳系质心惯性系中的位置,比较其他星历相对于DE440星历的行星位置精度。分析讨论各历表下月球的地心位置和速度精度,以及历表对于月球探测器的位置和速度从月心惯性系转为月固系的影响,并给出使用建议。结果表明,各大行星由于受观测数据等因素影响,位置精度差异较大,跨度从m级到10⁶ m量级。对于行星的位置精度,DE421和DE430相对于DE405有1~2个量级的提高,DE430相对于DE421提高50%。DE405历表的月球地心位置、速度精度分别为7 m和0.02 mm/s,DE421历表分别为1.5 m和0.004 mm/s,DE430历表分别为1.3 m和0.003 5 mm/s。对于星历用于月球探测器从月惯系转为月固系产生的坐标和速度误差,DE405分别为30 m和3 cm/s,DE421分别为1.3 m和1.2 mm/s,DE430分别为1 m和0.9 mm/s。历表对于月球坐标系转换的影响为m级。对于月球探测器导航及相关任务,推荐使用DE430或DE440行星历表。     

脉动气流对沸腾表面水分蒸发影响的数值模拟

【目的】考察脉动气流掠过沸腾水面时,流动参数对水分蒸发效果的影响,探究脉动气流强化蒸发过程的机理。【方法】建立二维物理与数学模型,采用商用软件ANSYS FLUENT 14.5进行数值模拟,研究正弦脉动气流掠过沸腾水面时水分的蒸发情况,分析一定蒸发时间内脉动气流的振幅、频率、气流速度以及温度对水分蒸发的影响。【结果】相比于匀速气流,气流脉动时沸腾表面水分的相对蒸发量提高了约50%;脉动气流的相对振幅从0增加至1.0时,沸腾表面水分的相对蒸发量提高了约1.8倍;脉动气流的频率从0 Hz增加至110 Hz时,沸腾表面水分的相对蒸发量呈现出先增加后减小的变化;气流速度从4 m/s增加至10 m/s时,沸腾表面水分的相对蒸发量提高了约15.3倍;脉动气流的温度对沸腾表面水分蒸发的影响不明显;气流脉动时,水分蒸发速率呈周期性变化。【结论】脉动气流周期性地对水面水蒸气浓度边界层进行扰动,强化了水面的对流传质,从而促进了水分蒸发。     

Impact of seasonal tide variation on saltwater intrusion in the Changjiang River estuary

An improved 3-D ECOM-si model was used to study the impact of seasonal tide variation on saltwater intrusion into the Changjiang River estuary, especially at the bifurcation of the North Branch (NB) and the South Branch (SB). The study assumes that the river discharge and wind are constant. The model successfully reproduced the saltwater intrusion. During spring tide, there is water and salt spillover (WSO and SSO) from the NB into the SB, and tidally averaged (net) water and salt fluxes are 985 m3/s and 24.8 ton/s, respectively. During neap tide, the WSO disappears and its net water flux is 122 m3/s. Meanwhile, the SSO continues, with net salt flux of 1.01 ton/s, much smaller than during spring tide. Because the tidal range during spring tide is smaller in June than in March, overall saltwater intrusion is weaker in June than in March during that tidal period. However, the WSO and SSO still exist in June. Net water and salt fluxes in that month are 622 m3/s and 15.35 ton/s, respectively, decreasing by 363 m3/s and 9.45 ton/s over those in March. Because tidal range during neap tide is greater in June than in March, saltwater intrusion in June is stronger than in March during that tidal period. The WSO and SSO appear in June, with net water and salt fluxes of 280 m3/s and 8.55 ton/s, respectively, increasing by 402 m3/s and 7.54 ton/s over those in March. Saltwater intrusion in the estuary is controlled by the river discharge, semi-diurnal flood-ebb tide, semi-monthly spring or neap tide, and seasonal tide variation.     

SEAWATER FLUX THROUGH TAIWAN STRAIT

After the winter and summer current structures on two or three latitudinal sections in Taiwan Strait were obtained from the measured current data, the seawater flux through the sections were cal -culated. In summer, the currents in the central and northern part of Taiwan Strait normally flow northward at a net flux of 3.32×l06m3 /s. In winter, the high temperature and salinity Kuroshio and South China Sea water enter Taiwan Strait from the southern section at 1.69× 106m3/s and 0.59×10 m3/s respectively, while the East China Sea water enters Taiwan Strait from the northern section at 1.02×106m3/s. About 0.40×106m3/s of the seawater enters the South China Sea along the coast of Fujian and Guangdong; the other 0.62×106m3/s of the seawater is mixed with the Kuroshio water and the South China Sea water in the northern sea area . The net northward flux is 1.74×106m3/s in winter.     

新型螺旋管气液分离器分离性能数值模拟

采用计算流体力学方法,选择双流体模型和RNGκ-ε湍流模型对新型未开孔螺旋管气液分离性能进行数值模拟,分析螺距、管径等结构参数及液体黏度、入口速度、入口含气率等操作参数的分离效果.结果表明:在螺距为26.67和47.22 mm,在入口速度为1～30 m/s时,增加螺距或入口速度可以改善分离效果.当入口速度较大时,减小管...     

地下水封洞库单裂隙花岗岩纵波速度变化规律与预测模型

揭示裂隙岩体纵波速度变化规律对工程岩体质量分级与稳定性评价具有重要意义。以某地下水封洞库无充填型单裂隙花岗岩为研究对象,基于钻孔电视成像、水压致裂法地应力测试与声波全波列测井,获取了384组单裂隙花岗岩的几何特性、受力状态与纵波速度,构建起了预测单裂隙花岗岩纵波速度的进化-神经网络模型,分析了关键指标影响下单裂隙花岗岩纵波速度的变化规律。研究表明：该水封洞库单裂隙花岗岩纵波速度分布于4 300～5 330 m/s之间,82.3%的纵波速度在4 700～5 200 m/s之间;选取裂隙法向应力、平均张开度与倾角作为单裂隙花岗岩纵波速度的预测指标是合理可行的;将现场测试数据分为训练样本与测试样本,基于遗传算法优化神经网络权值、阈值的进化-神经网络模型构建出单裂隙花岗岩纵波速度预测模型,其测试误差最大仅为2.9%,85%的样本测试误差不超过1.5%,预测模型精度较高。分析了纵波速度变化规律,发现单裂隙花岗岩纵波速度随裂隙法向应力增大而增大,但当法向应力增至5 MPa后的纵波速度增大速率逐渐减小,纵波速度随裂隙张开度增大而逐渐减小,纵波速度在裂隙倾角小于40°时无明显变化,此后纵波速度随倾角增...     

用于混凝土管道结构性修复设计的Χ土荷载模型

混凝土管道在我国排水管网中广泛应用,受管道自身质量、施工质量和外荷载过大等因素的影响常产生 结构性破坏,其中较典型的结构破坏形式之一便是产生纵向裂缝.对混凝土管道进行结构性修复设计时,需要确 定管道破坏时的土荷载,综合考虑管道和土体的相互作用,目前国内外尚无这方面的研究.分析了管道新建、使 用、破坏３个阶段的土荷载变化规律,建立混凝土管道破坏后土荷载模型.建立的模型中管顶土荷载按土柱荷载 计算,管底土荷载按均布荷载计算,管侧荷载等于静止侧向土荷载与三角形分布荷载之和,并根据新建立的模型 计算管壁环向内力系数,为混凝土管道非开挖结构性修复设计提供参考.      

水流速率对全缘马尾藻幼孢子体生长和生理活性的影响

在0、0.5、1、2、4、8 cm/s 等5 种不同水流速率下培养全缘马尾藻（Sargassum integerrimum）幼孢子体,研究水流速率对幼孢子体质量、叶绿素a 含量、SOD 活力、CAT 活力和蛋白质浓度等生理指标的影响.结果表明,以1、2、4 cm/s 流速的幼孢子体质量增长最快,3 种流速的增长差异不具统计学意义（P〉0.05）.在生理指标方面：叶绿素a 含量以1、2、4 cm/s 流速最高,3 种流速的含量差异不具统计学意义（P〉0.05）;SOD 比活性以流速0.5、1、2 cm/s 的活力最低,各组间差异不具统计学意义（P〉0.05）;CAT 比活性以流速1、2 cm/s 的活力最低,组间差异不具统计学意义（P〉0.05）;蛋白质含量以1、2、4 cm/s 流速最大,组间差异具统计学意义（P〈0.05）.水流速率对体质量增长和各生化指标均产生显著的影响,以流速1～4 cm/s 培育全缘马尾藻培幼孢子体较合适.     

锥直喷嘴淹没磨料射流场的数值模拟

利用计算流体力学(CFD)中的fluent软件对喷嘴淹没磨料射流进行数值模拟,研究锥直形喷嘴在不同射流靶距、不同磨料颗粒直径和颗粒浓度情况下液固两相射流场特性,给出水和磨料速度分布规律,考虑液固两相间的相互作用力.结果表明:液固两相速度在喷嘴收缩段迅速增加,水与磨料颗粒之间存在速度滑移;液固两相入口速度为170 m/s...     

联合GRACE卫星轨道及距离变率数据反演地球重力场方法研究

基于动力学法,研究联合GRACE卫星精密轨道及距离变率数据反演地球重力场的方法,该方法可对重力位系数及卫星初始状态误差同时进行有效校正。通过对各观测值模拟不同的随机误差,研究了不同精度观测值联合反演所能达到的精度,以及用相同精度的观测值进行联合反演时不同采样率对反演结果的影响,模拟计算结果表明：联合反演模式下,当距离变率精度为1 μm/s,卫星位置精度为2~3 cm,速度精度为0.1~0.5 mm/s时,加速度计精度为(1.0×10 ^-10~1.0×10^-9 m/s ²比较适合;将距离变率精度由1 um/s提高到0.1 um/s时,反演精度可获得相应提高;在观测值精度一定的情况下,联合反演算法宜采用5 s采样率。     

中国大陆科学钻探先导孔零偏VSP资料解释

用六级三分量检波器在中国大陆科学钻探先导孔中实施了零偏VSP测量.数据处理结果表明,中国大陆科学钻探孔区超高压变质岩石的地震波速度主要介于4500～7000m/s之间,显著高于一般的沉积岩地区,而且随深度变化不明显.声波测井速度系统地稍低于VSP层速度,可能是由于井壁处岩石的完整性受到破坏而造成的.地震波速度与岩石密度和岩性存在明确的对应关系,榴辉岩的密度和地震波速度均显著高于片麻岩类岩石;由榴辉岩退变生成的斜长角闪岩类岩石,其密度和地震波速度均呈现出较大的变化,主要与其退变质程度有关;超基性岩中的裂隙系统导致其密度和地震波速度大幅度下降.由于榴辉岩与其他岩石类型之间存在较大的波阻抗差异,因此用零偏VSP资料标定该区地震波的地质层位是有效的.关于地震波反射的原因,通过综合研究地震波(包括反射纵波、上行转换横波、井筒波)的特征、岩石速度和密度分布以及井径变化,认为主要是岩性分界面、韧性剪切带和断裂(带),但还有一些因素尚待进一步研究.     

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借助岩石破裂实验和理论研究中得到的变形失稳准则 ,探讨了岩体持续加速变形中地震短期前兆信息的定量检测方法 ,讨论了极值变形与地震三要素之间的关系。结合川滇地区倾斜、应变现有观测能力 ,得到了倾斜、应变失稳变化的速度阈值 K- Slope分别为 4 .5 m s/d和 5 0× 10 - 8d。对 1990年至 2 0 0 1年 5月间发生在川滇及临近地区的 9次 5 .8级以上地震 (未包括强震的短期前震和余震 )的统计结果表明 :持续时间在 2 0天以上、速度超过 4 .5 m s/d的加速倾斜之后 ,在 15 0天之内有 8次地震对应 (无虚报 ) ,1次漏报 ;而持续加速应变变化之后 ,有 5次地震对应 ,4次漏报。该结果一方面反映了连续变形对地震的监测能力 ,另一方面也表明持续加速变形中存在速度临界值 ,该临界值体现了自然环境的年变化与孕震条件下变形速度的差异性     

湖北省秭归ML3.6地震震源特征

利用三峡数字地震台网的数字记录,反演了2001年10月11日湖北省秭归(东经110.4°,北纬30.9°)ML3.6地震的参数,同时得到了三峡地区的地壳速度结构.反演得到的三峡地区的地壳速度模型和以前在该地区利用人工和天然地震获得的速度模型基本一致.该地震发生在走向为NE,倾向为NW的断层上,地震主要产生以滑动为主的错动,持续时间从开始到结束约为0.16 s.这次地震断层面的长度约780 m,宽度约330 m,滑动量约为41.9 cm.     

Observed water current and transport through Qiongzhou Strait during August 2010

The velocity structure of the residual current across an entire section of the Qiongzhou Strait(QS) in summer is presented for the fi rst time. Shipboard Acoustic Doppler Current Profi le measurements, from the mid-region of the QS(110.18°E), were collected on 1–4 August 2010. The diurnal tidal currents had their maximum amplitudes between 4.24 and 20.24 m. Their amplitude along the major axis ranged from approximately 0.55 m/s in the middle part of the strait(20.15°N) to 0.84 m/s in the north part of the strait(20.20°N). Both anticlockwise and clockwise tidal current rotations exist in the QS. During the observation period(neap tide), a signifi cant westward residual current occupied almost the entire study section. Two velocity cores of westward current were observed at the northern part and near the deepest trough, although an eastward current appeared in the middle part of the transect. The deepest core was located near 62 m at 20.13°N, with a maximum velocity of-0.34 m/s. The shallower core was located at approximately 16 m at 20.20°N, with a maximum velocity of-0.33 m/s. The estimated total volume of water transported through the QS was-0.16 Sv. This value is an important boundary condition, applicable to numerical models studying coastal ocean circulation in the northwestern South China Sea.     

Numerical simulation of wave field in the South China Sea using WAVEWATCH III

Wave fi elds of the South China Sea(SCS) from 1976 to 2005 were simulated using WAVEWATCH III by inputting high-resolution reanalysis wind fi eld datasets assimilated from several meteorological data sources. Comparisons of wave heights between WAVEWATCH III and TOPEX/Poseidon altimeter and buoy data show a good agreement. Our results show seasonal variation of wave direction as follows: 1. During the summer monsoon(April–September), waves from south occur from April through September in the southern SCS region, which prevail taking about 40% of the time; 2. During the winter monsoon(December–March), waves from northeast prevail throughout the SCS for 56% of the period; 3. The dominant wave direction in SCS is NE. The seasonal variation of wave height H s in SCS shows that in spring, H s ≥1 m in the central SCS region and is less than 1 m in other areas. In summer, H s is higher than in spring. During September–November, infl uenced by tropical cyclones, H s is mostly higher than 1 m. East of Hainan Island, H s 2 m. In winter, H s reaches its maximum value infl uenced by the north-east monsoon, and heights over 2 m are found over a large part of SCS. Finally, we calculated the extreme wave parameters in SCS and found that the extreme wind speed and wave height for the 100-year return period for SCS peaked at 45 m/s and 19 m, respectively, SE of Hainan Island and decreased from north to south.     

基于软件接收机的BDS/MEMS IMU深组合导航性能分析

针对BDS/MEMS IMU深组合导航全物理实验难度较大的问题,提出一种基于软件接收机的BDS/MEMS深组合导航系统仿真分析方法。给出BDS软件接收机结构,介绍深组合导航系统结构设计及滤波算法,最后基于仿真数据进行验证。结果表明,在高动态条件下,就BDS/MEMS IMU导航系统而言,其深组合的导航精度较紧组合有较大提高,位置误差小于1 m,速度误差小于0.01 m/s。     

Effects of salinity, light and temperature on growth rates of two species of Gracilaria (Rhodophyta)

Effects of temperature, salinity and light intensity on growth rates of Gracilaria lichenoides and G tenuistipitata var. liui Zhang et Xia were tested. Eight to ten levels of each factor were first tested separately. The best growth rate was obtained under the conditions of 32～C, 30 and 240 μmol/(m2·s) for G. lichenoides, and 24℃, 20 and 200 μmol/(m2.s) for G. tenuistipitata, respectively. Then a uniform design was used to evaluate the optimal combinations of the three factors. The best conditions for the highest daily specific growth rates (% increase in wet weight) are determined to be 31.30℃, 32.10, and 287.23 μmol/(m2·s) for G. lichenoides (16.26%/d), and 25.38℃, 21.10, and 229.07 μmol/(m2·s) for G. tenuistipitata (14.83%/d), respectively.