1993年10－12月的全球地震动态

１９９３年第四季度，全球地震活动为中等水平，三个月内共发生三次７．１级浅源地震。新几内亚东部发生６－７级地震多次。美州地震带地震活动表现不强。堪察加以东近海发生７．１级地震。亚欧带于１０月２日发生中国新疆南部（若羌）地震。全球浅源地震相对活跃。     

1999年7～12月全球地震综述

１９９９年下半年,全球发生了两次７．７级以上大地震,地震活动水平显著增强。半年内共发生６级以上地震５３次,比上半年多１３次,其中大洋岛弧和西北太平洋地区分别发生１９次和１７次,占前两名。最大的３次地震是：８月１７日土耳其西北部地震、９月２０日中国台湾地震和９月３０日墨西哥近海地震。本年度地震活动为高水平,扭转了连续３年的下降趋势。２０００年全球地震将进入一个关键时期,未来数年内的震情需要密切注视。     

1996年10～12月的全球地震动态

１９９６年第四季度全球地震活动又上升为高水平，共发生４次７级以上地震，其中１１月１２日的秘鲁近海地震，震级已超过７．７级，日本九州海岸附近发生３次６￣７级地震，塞浦路斯和克什米尔接连发生７级以上地震，亚欧带地震进一步活跃，全球深源地震震级趋向降低。     

1994年全球地震活动综述

１９９４年全球地震活动属于高水平，有４次大深震和４次浅源大地震。全球全年共发生６级以上地震１３４次，超过１９９３年。全球地震活动中心仍在太平洋西北边缘地震带。１０月４日的千岛群岛地震是最大的浅源地震；６月９日的玻利维亚地震是最大的深源地震。１９９４年全球地震活动开始转折，揭开强烈活动期的序幕。各大地震带的Ａ（ｂ）值几乎按同一比例上升，显示全球地震整体性增强。全球地震Ａ（ｂ）值在６月和１０月有两次高     

东地中海地区最近3次强震的余震衰减

对东地中海地区最近３次强城的余震序列进行了研究。这３次强震分别是：１９９５年１１月２２日Ｍｗ＝７．１地震、１９９３年８月３日ＭＬ＝５．８地震和１９９６年１０月９日ＭＷ＝６．８地震。前两次地震发生在亚喀巴湾,最后一次发生在塞浦路斯西南海岸的近岸。修正的大森公式对所有事件余震活动的衰减都给出了很好的拟合。亚喀巴湾两个序列的ｐ值相对较低（１９９３年,ｐ＝０．９０;１９９５年,ｐ＝０．７５）,这反映了余震     

1999年11月1日大同-阳高Ms5.4级地震预报纪实

１９９９年１１月１日在山西省大同－阳高地区发生了一次Ｍｓ５．４级地震。这次地震前笔者采用测震学方法对华北地震活动性进行分析研究,结果发现华北缺震曲线,华北地震曲线、频度曲线都出现低值异常。邢台震区月频度曲线６月份小震活动增强。北京地区缺震曲线、频度曲线都出身低值异常。１９９９年６月份在晋冀蒙三省交界地区的大同附近小震活动丛集、频度与蠕变加速,并于９月１２日发生了左云ＭＬ４．７级信号震。据此,笔者在     

1993年7—9月的全球地震动态

１９９３年第三季度，全球地震活动水平为中等偏高，明显高于上半年平均水平。日本北海道西南近海发生７．６级浅源地震，但不属于日本海沟地震。埃及西奈半岛发生５．７级地震，为今年亚欧带西段之最大地震。马里亚纳群岛发生８．１级中深震，使西北太平洋地区地震水平达到全球第一。兴都库什地区接连发生三次较大中深震，可能对我国西部地区地震活动有影响。墨西哥恰帕斯州近海发生７．３级地震，美洲带新的地震活动轮回正式开始。印度南部发生６．３级中强震，属于板内地震。     

近期海啸研究对地震研究的启发

近期海啸研究对地震研究的启发佐竹健治在一年当中，３次重大破坏性海啸给尼加拉瓜（１９９２年９月２日）、印度尼西亚弗洛勒斯岛（１９９２年１０月１２日）和日本北海道（１９９３年７月１２日）的沿海地区造成了灾害。每次海啸的浪高度均达到１０ｍ以上，共造成１５０...     

台湾海峡南部7.3级地震的地质构造背景

在我国辽阔的渤海、黄海、东海和南海，只有渤海发生过７级以上地震，而面积狭小的台湾海峡却发生４次７－８级地震，数十次５－６．９级地震。是我国大陆近海地震活动强度最大，频度最高的地区。台湾海峡位于欧亚大陆板块和太平洋菲律宾海板块的结合地带，地壳运动强烈。海峡中北东、北西向断裂发育，第四纪以来，上述断裂均有强烈的活动。在这种地质构造背景下，发生了历史上一系列强烈地震和这次７．３级地震。     

本世纪初我国大陆7级大震危险性研究

地震大形势研究结果表明，我国大陆地区（含边境）１９９９年已进入为期１２年的相对平静幕，幕内可能发生３次７级地震，最大震级不超过７．２级。首发７级地震为２０００年６月８日缅甸７级（位于中缅边境）。预计第二个７级地震危险时间在２００５±０．５年。第三个在２００８年前后。分析了我国主要地震区强震概率增益，给出了３个危险地点。未来３年即２００１～２００３年是相对安全时段，我国大陆不会发生７级以上破坏性地震。２０１１～２０２０年可能进入新世纪第一个７级大地震相对活跃幕，预计该幕持续１０年， 可发生１０次７～７.６级大震。     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Aims And Scope

正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States.     

WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RESEARCH(WASER)

正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study     

Enhancing remote sensing research on global change to improve our understanding on Earth system processes

正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases     

SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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