陕西山阳县黑色岩系中中村—银花钒矿床地质特征

秦岭黑色岩系中带的钒矿构成超大型规模,中村-银花钒矿是大型钒矿的典型代表,产于下寒武统水沟口组中段硅质板岩-泥板岩-粘土质泥板岩岩性转换过渡层位中.矿石根据岩性划分为硅板岩型、粘土质泥板岩型和硅质泥板岩型3种类型.矿层延长及厚度稳定,V2O5品位为0.70%～1.17%.研究查明,钒与粘土质、泥质板岩密切相关,钒在粘土泥板岩中相对富集.钒与铝、钾、铁存在较密切的地球化学共生关系.钒以钒酸盐、磷酸盐及吸附状态存在于高岭石、水云母中.研究认为,含钒黑色岩系是扬子大陆向华北大陆俯冲启动下,于早寒武世扬子大陆北缘斜坡出现在拉伸裂谷式沉积环境,发育滞留深水环境下的炭-泥-灰-重晶石-硅质含钒沉积建造,含钒的炭质硅板岩-炭质泥板岩层具有热水沉积产物的特征.     

南秦岭东段早寒武世黑色岩系金钒成矿特征与找矿方向——以夏家店矿床为例

南秦岭东段广泛分布着寒武系黑色岩系,中村钒矿、银花钒矿、千家坪钒矿等大中型矿床产于其中。夏家店金钒矿床的发现与勘查,揭示钒矿具有鲜明的层控和岩控特征,矿体产在下寒武系水沟口组底部,沉积成矿与寒武系的缺氧事件有关,而金的成矿过程不但受其制约,重要的是受到造山后期构造的叠加形成。在勘查过程中注重综合找矿,北东向的断裂构造与黑色岩系的叠加部位,是找金的有利部位。     

湖南古丈县双溪钒矿床地质特征及成矿机制初探

湖南双溪钒矿床产于寒武系下统木昌组,赋矿岩层为一套富含有机质的硅、磷、碳组合的黑色岩系.钒矿（V₂O₅）的品位为0.61%~1.51%,矿石主要分为3种类型：黑色碳硅质岩-页岩型、含磷结核页岩型及页岩型.钒的赋存状态主要有吸附态和类质同象态.通过对成岩、成矿的研究,初步认为双溪钒矿为海底喷气热水溶液同生沉积生成.     

云南省寒武系黑色岩系含矿性研究及钼镍多金属矿找矿前景

黑色岩系及黑色岩系型矿床的找矿是当前地质学界研究的热点之一。本文在资料收集与野外地质调查的基础上, 全面分析了云南省寒武系黑色岩系的分布与特征, 系统研究了云南省寒武系黑色岩系的含矿性, 认为云南省寒武系黑色岩系具有寻找钼、镍、钒等多金属矿产的有利地质条件和空间, 指出了找矿的重点区域。通过进一步工作, 有望找到多处规模以上的矿床, 实现找矿突破。文章对在云南省寻找寒武系黑色岩系型矿床具有现实的借鉴和指导意义。     

秦岭造山带黑色岩系与金属矿床类型及成矿系列

秦岭造山带黑色岩系划分为南、北、中三个带,北带分布于北秦岭,以秦岭杂岩为基底的岛弧火山岩与花岗岩带到二郎坪弧后边缘海盆带,形成于活动大陆边缘类似的沟、弧、盆构造体系,产出沉积-变质-构造-热液改造型镍-钼小型矿床.中带分布于南秦岭北部,环绕岛链古隆起形成深水-半深水滞留断陷局限盆地,发育与热水沉积有关的黑色岩系,赋存沉积轻微改造型超大型钒矿床和沉积-构造-热液改造型大型金-钒矿床.南带分布于南秦岭南部,扬子板块北缘早古生代沉积区局部拉张环境发育裂谷式断陷盆地,发育巨厚的硅质-泥质-重晶石互层岩系,形成沉积改造中型含钼-钒矿床和热水沉积大型毒重石-重晶石矿床等.解剖了秦岭黑色岩系容矿的典型矿床特征与成矿作用,划分了矿床成因类型,建立了黑色岩系容矿的金属矿床成矿系列.     

上扬子台区下寒武统黑色岩系中的钒矿床

我国南部早寒武世黑色岩系中，蕴藏丰富的金属和非金属矿产。而位于扬子地台东南缘的钒矿床尤其令人瞩目。本文以湘西为例，剖析该类钒矿地质特征和成矿规律。矿床产于下寒武统黑色岩系底产的碳系页岩、硅岩及黑色页岩组合。矿层呈层状、似层状，产权稳定，埋藏浅，储量大。矿石主要由水云母（伊利石）和石英组成，含有机质及藻类化石。成矿受地层、岩性、古构造和古地理条件控制。矿床具有微生物成矿与海底热水沉积双重特征，成因应属生物地球化学积积矿床范畴。     

贵州省镍钼钒多金属矿成矿地质特征及其控制因素

贵州省的镍钼钒多金属矿分为岩浆熔离型铜镍矿、热液型多金属矿床中的镍钼钒矿、沉积型镍钼钒矿和次生淋滤型镍钼矿等4种矿化类型。文章重点介绍了沉积型镍钼钒矿的成矿地质特征,分析了其成矿条件及找矿标志,探讨了黑色岩系底部镍钼钒多金属矿层的成因机理,提出了"白烟囱"型的成硅(磷)、成矿、生物爆发的形成机制和被动大陆边缘构造、岩相古地理、深部岩浆岩及断裂构造等控制因素。     

堰沟地区钒矿地质特征及成因

从矿床产出特征、成矿物质来源、沉积环境与岩相、赋矿层位与含矿岩系及区域钒矿的对比等方面,对堰沟钒矿成矿地质背景等特征进行研究。结果表明,堰沟钒矿是赋存于早志留世大贵坪组黑色岩系中的沉积型钒矿,广泛分布于平利古陆北缘早志留世大贵坪组黑色岩系中,具有良好的成矿条件和找矿前景。     

湘西北下寒武统黑色岩系中贵金属镍-钼-钒矿床的有机成矿作用

湖南西北部广泛分布的下寒武统木昌组黑色岩系中富含Ni、Mo、V，多处形成了镍-钼-钒多金属矿床（点）。主要可划分的Ⅱ类含矿岩性序列为：①含磷黑色岩系——镍-钼矿床；②碳硅质黑色岩系——钒矿床。研究认为，有机成矿作用对镍-钼-钒矿床的形成起了主导作用。     

贵州施秉新城黑色岩系型钒矿地质特征及成因浅析

新城地区下寒武统黑色岩系分布广泛,蕴含着丰富的矿产资源,其中钒矿资源尤为丰富.钒矿体赋存于下寒武统牛蹄塘组的黑色炭质黏土岩中,钒矿（V₂O₅）的平均品位为0.64%,矿石主要类型为砂屑钒矿石.通过对成岩、成矿的研究,初步认为新城钒矿为海相化学及生物化学沉积生成,但可能也存在有淋滤成因.钒矿化受地层、岩性、岩相控制.     

The formation of low-temperature sedimentary pyrite and its relationship with biologically-induced processes

This contribution is an updated review on sedimentary pyrite and on its role in well-consolidated research topics, such as the biogeochemical cycles and the studies on sediment-hosted ore deposit studies, as well as new frontiers of research, such as astrobiology. Textural and compositional information preserved in sedimentary pyrite from sediment-hosted ore deposits has contributed to elucidate their environment of forzmation. In particular, the content of redox-sensitive elements such as Ni, Co, Mo, and V has implications for defining the syn- and post-sedimentary conditions. In addition, the stable isotope compositions are useful indicators of the pathways of both biogenic and abiogenic pyrite formation. Despite the longstanding research on pyrite and the mechanism of its formation, there are still significant gaps in our knowledge. In this nonexhaustive review, we briefly touch on different current aspects of research on sedimentary pyrite, exemplifying how sedimentary pyrite remains relevant to geoscientists, and becomes more and more relevant in understanding some basic aspects of knowledge, such as the origin of life and the search for extraterrestrial life, as well as aspect of classical applied science, such as the implications for ore deposition.     

湘西北下寒武统黑色岩系钒镍钼矿微量元素地球化学

湘西北下寒武统黑色岩系是中国南方下寒武统黑色岩系的重要组成部分,富含钒镍钼等多金属元素。文中对湘西北下寒武统黑色岩系钒镍钼矿进行了微量元素研究,研究区内Ni、Cd、Mo、Sb、V、Zn、W、Ba等元素特别富集,高含量的Sb和Ba表明其为热水沉积;Mo含量极高说明其为缺氧的还原环境;高的V/（V+Ni）、V/Cr、Ni/Co以及δU值表明其沉积环境为缺氧环境;高的 U/Th表明本区有热水沉积作用;稀土元素配分模式、Ce和Eu异常及La/Yb Ce/La和La/Yb ΣREE图解投点表明其沉积环境为还原环境,并有热水沉积作用。可见黑色岩系形成于缺氧环境,热液活动为其提供了丰富的热液来源。     

遵义黄家湾镍钼多金属矿成矿特征与成因

贵州遵义地区黄家湾镍钼多金属矿是寒武系底部的黑色页岩型矿床。黑色岩系中微量元素特征显示镍钼多金属矿层的Ni,Mo,Cd,V,Cu,Zn明显富集,而高场强元素Nb,Th,Hf,Zr,Ti亏损。稀土元素显示多金属矿层的艿（Eu）呈正异常,中稀土富集,重稀土亏损。结合镜下观察发现的有机质、红藻囊果与金属硫化物之间密切的共生关系和前人研究结果,分析了黑色岩系镍钼多金属矿的成因,认为镍、钼、铜、锌等金属元素的来源与热液有关,通过生物作用聚集并在缺氧的还原沉积环境下大量堆积,富集形成Ni—Mo金属硫化物矿床。     

湘西震旦—寒武纪交替时期古海洋环境的恢复

前寒武纪至寒武纪的交替时期是地质史和生命史的重要转折。中国南方地区广泛发育了上震旦统、下寒武统的黑色岩系。文中运用沉积学和沉积地球化学的理论和方法对湘西黑色岩系的岩石类型、矿物组成、元素地球化学特征、干酪根的结构以及碳同位素的组成等方面进行了研究 ,讨论了黑色岩系的形成条件 ,恢复了震旦纪 /寒武纪地史转折期的古环境。研究认为 ,湘西地区在晚震旦世和早寒武世地史转折期的生物爆发和高有机质的产率是形成缺氧环境的重要因素之一。     

湘中地区二叠纪镁质粘土初步研究成果

湘中地区几个主要晚古生代向斜内,二叠系茅口组底部的各种镁质粘土岩分布广泛。在湘潭、湘乡一带该层位主要为海泡石粘土岩,而娄底往西到新化一带变为以蒙皂石族为主的粘土岩。它们对研究该区的沉积环境具有指相作用,并具找矿意义。     

湘中地区中奥陶统“桃江式”锰矿的成矿作用研究

湘中地区“桃江式”锰矿产于中奥陶统磨刀溪组斜坡相-盆地边缘相沉积之中。发育锰矿层１～２层,锰矿层具有粒序层理、平行层理、斜纹层、水平纹层及角砾状等构造,夹于深水低能的暗色泥岩之中,是一种碳酸盐重力流沉积。其形成受区域构造、岩相古地理、沉积事件及水介质物理化学条件等的影响。其沉积学和地球化学特征显示锰质主要由海底热水补给,是一种热水成矿作用的产物。     

Multiple Sources of Metals of Mineralization in Lower Cambrian Black Shales of South China: Evidence from Geochemical and Petrographic Study

Black shales of the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation in southern China (Huangjiawan mine, Zunyi region, northern part of the Guizhou Province) host regionally distributed stratiform polymetallic Ni‐Mo‐platinum group elements (PGE)‐Au phosphate‐ and sulfide‐rich ores. These are confined to a ≥0.2‐m thick ore horizon composed of mineralized bodies of algal onkolites, phosphate nodules, and sulfide and shale clasts in a mineralized phosphate‐ and organic matter‐rich matrix. Compared to footwall and hanging wall shales, the ore bed is strongly enriched in Ni (up to 100‐fold), As (up to 97‐fold), Mo (up to 95‐fold), Sb (up to 67‐fold), Rh (up to 49‐fold), Cu (up to 37‐fold), Pd (up to 33‐fold), Ru (up to 24‐fold), Zn (up to 23‐fold), Pt (up to 21‐fold), Ir (up to 15‐fold), Co (up to 14‐fold), and Pb (up to 13‐fold). Even footwall and hanging wall black shales are significantly enriched by Mo (21‐fold) and Ni (12‐fold) but depleted in Cr in comparison to average Cambrian black shale. Organic matter is represented by separate accumulations dispersed in the rock matrix or as biotic bitumen droplets and veinlets in ore clasts. Similar organic carbon (C_org) values in an ore bed and enclosing footwall and hanging wall shales of little mineralization indicate that metal accumulation was not controlled only by biogenic productivity and organic matter accumulation rate. Evaporitic conditions during sedimentation of the basal part of the Niutitang Formation were documented by an occurrence of preserved Ni‐, V‐, Cr‐, and Cu‐enriched phosphate‐rich hardground with halite and anhydrite pseudomorphs on the paleosurface of the underlying Neoproterozoic carbonates. Neoproterozoic black shales of the Doushantuo Formation are characterized by increased metal concentrations. Comparison of metal abundances in both hardground and Doushantuo black shales indicate that black shales could have become a source of metal‐rich hardground during weathering. The polymetallic Ni‐Mo‐PGE sulfide‐rich ore bed is interpreted to represent a remnant of shallow‐water hardground horizon rich in metals, which originated in a sediment‐starved, semi‐restricted, seawater environment. During the Early Cambrian transgression an influx of fresh seawater and intensive evaporation, together with the hydrothermal enrichment of seawater in a semi‐restricted basin, resulted in the formation of dense metalliferous brines; co‐precipitation of metals together with phosphates and sulfides occurred at or above the oxic–anoxic sediment interface. Metal‐enriched hardground was disintegrated by the action of waves or bottom currents and deposited in a deeper part of the anoxic basin. Contemporaneously with the formation of a polymetallic Ni‐Mo‐PGE‐Au sulfide ore bed, economic sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX)‐type barite deposits were forming in a stratigraphically and geotectonically similar setting. The results of geochemical study at the Shang Gongtang SEDEX‐type Ba deposit indicate that concentrations of Ag, As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, V, Zn and other metals decrease from top of the barite body toward the hanging wall black shale. Lower Cambrian black shales of the Niutitang Formation above the barite body also display similar element abundances as Neoproterozoic black shales of the Doushantuo Formation, developed in the footwall of the barite body. But the geochemical composition of the sulfide layer is different from the Ni‐Mo ore bed, showing only elevated Pb, Cu, Ni and Mo values. It is suggested that hydrothermal brines at Shang Gongtang might have leached metals from footwall Neoproterozoic sequences and became, after mixing with normal seawater, an additional source of Ag, Cr, Cu, Pb, Sb, Zn, Ni, PGE, V and other metals.     

甘肃北山金、铜矿床红沙的植物地球化学特征及其找矿意义

北山地区植被属戈壁荒漠植被类型，主要植物群落为红沙，红沙中多数元素特别是成矿元素及其伴生元素的含量和变化系数矿区大于背景区，元素含量背景区呈对数正态分布，矿区呈偏对数正态或多峰分布，红沙中的元素组合分类背景区为Au,Cu,Pb,Zn,As,Sb,Mo,V,Mn和Ag,Sn,Sr,Ba及Ti,Cr,Co,Ni,金矿区为Au,Ag,As,Sb,Mo,Mn,Sr和Cu,Pb,Zn,Sn,Ba及Co,Ni,Ti,V,Cr,铜矿区为Cu,Pb,Zn,Mo,Au,Ag,Ba和As,Sb,Sn,Mn及Ti,V,Cr,Co,Ni,Sr，矿区红沙中浓集系数较大的元素多数在矿区岩石中的浓集系统亦较大，金，铜矿床红沙和岩石中的特征元素分别都有Au,Ag,Ag,Sb,Mo,(Mn)和Cu,Pb,(Ba,Ti,Cr)。在金，铜矿床（体上方分别发育有良好的Au和Cu的生物地球化学异常和元素组合及分带，根据红沙的地球化学特征能，判断金或铜矿种类型，并能对掩埋，隐伏金，铜矿床（体）进行定位预测。     

黔北下寒武统黑色岩系的沉积环境与地球化学响应

下寒武统黑色岩系在我国华北、华南及塔里木盆地等广泛发育,但富有机质泥页岩的分布特征及其控制因素未有定论.本文对黔北地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组(及同时期地层)不同沉积相带典型剖面中的富有机质泥页岩及其上下层位进行了地球化学分析,识别出寒武纪早期不同沉积相带氧化还原环境的明显差异.台内凹陷相主要岩性为黑色页岩,底部为不等厚的薄层...     

兰坪盆地白秧坪Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag多金属矿集区元素共生分异机制及物质来源

兰坪白秧坪Cu-Ag多金属矿集区夹持于金沙江和澜沧江断裂之间,属兰坪-思茅中新生代坳陷带之兰坪盆地北部,可分东矿带和西矿带二部分。本文通过对白秧坪金属矿集区东西2个矿带的矿石矿物电子探针分析、成矿元素含量和组合分析及S同位素的讨论得出:(1)东西2个矿带矿石矿物组合类型及微量元素组合特征具明显不同,前者矿石矿物组分较为简单,西带较为复杂,不仅有Pb、Zn和Cu的独立矿物,还存在Co和Bi的矿物;(2)东矿带Ag、As、Cd、Pb、Sb和Zn的富集从南到北依次减弱,Bi的富集依次增强,Cu的富集趋势越往北越富集,亏损元素为Co、Cr、Ni和V;西矿带Ag、Pb、Zn的富集属吴底厂和李子坪矿段最富集,而Cu则在小丫口和白秧坪矿段最富集。亏损元素为Ba、Co、Cr、Ni和V,但各个矿段这些元素的亏损程度有所不同,有的矿段部分元素有稍富集趋势;(3)Co、Ni和Cr等微量元素西带高于东带,而Sr、Pb、Zn和Ba元素则东带高于西带,与各自的矿物组合类型一致,且元素的共生分异机制与构造分带存在一定的耦合关系;(4)兰坪盆地火山岩为白秧坪多金属矿集区提供了主要物源,Mo、Co和Ni等元素显示其成矿可能与隐伏基性-超基性岩浆有关的深部来源有关;S同位素特征表明东西矿带金属硫化物硫源均以幔源为主。