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1.
本文简要论述了2010年4月14日青海玉树7.1级地震所处大地构造背景、区域地震活动性和区域地震构造特征,最后对玉树地震发震构造——甘孜—玉树断裂的展布、分段性和活动性进行概述。 相似文献
2.
2010年4月14日7时49分在青海省玉树藏族自治州玉树县发生7.1级地震,地震灾区的恢复重建工作受到隐伏断裂段和余震活动等因素的严重制约,尤其是NW走向的甘孜—玉树断裂的空间展布位置对选址重建及断裂合理避让起着决定性作用.本研究以甘孜—玉树断裂南段为探测目标,在探测工作中采取了小道间距、小偏移距、多道短排列接收、共反... 相似文献
3.
2010年4月14日青海省玉树发生了7.1级地震,造成了严重的人员伤亡和重大的经济损失。发生该地震的甘孜-玉树断裂是川滇菱形块体的边界断裂,晚第四纪左旋走滑运动强烈。震中所处的甘孜-玉树断裂中段,震前历史地震活动与东南段相比较弱。本文利用玉树地震的基本参数资料和地震破裂反演结果,综合历史地震法和地震矩率法估算出了玉树地震的复发周期约为200年。 相似文献
4.
利用双差定位方法对玉树地震序列2010年4月14日至10月31日间发生的ML≥1.0地震进行双差定位,得到1545个地震的重定位结果.综合分析地震双差定位结果和玉树地震序列中强地震震源机制解,发现玉树MS7.3地震发震构造由北西向和北东东向两条相交断层组成,主震发生在北西走向的甘孜—玉树断裂带上,5月29日的MS5.9余震序列发生在北东东走向的一条隐伏断裂上,两条断裂均接近直立.甘孜—玉树断裂是羌塘地块和巴彦喀拉地块的构造边界,由于羌塘地块和巴颜喀拉地块的差异运动使甘孜—玉树断裂强耦合段应力高度积累,在应变能超过岩石强度时破裂失稳发生了MS7.3地震.主震断层的左旋滑动导致北东东向断层的正应力减小,库伦应力增加,45天后触发了MS5.9余震序列的活动. 相似文献
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滑动速率是研究断裂运动学特征、地震活动性和区域应变分配的重要参数和依据。前人关于甘孜-玉树断裂带滑动速率的研究结果存在较大差异,因此,其晚第四纪滑动速率有待进一步调查研究。本文基于卫星影像解译和野外实地考察,对甘孜-玉树断裂带西段(玉树断裂)上典型断错地貌点进行测量分析,得到玉树断裂晚第四纪走滑速率为6.6±0.1-7.4±1.2mm/a。通过与前人对甘孜-玉树断裂带东段(甘孜断裂)滑动速率的研究结果进行对比,发现甘孜-玉树断裂带东、西段滑动速率不一致,其原因是甘孜断裂的左旋滑移在向西传递的过程中,一部分应变被分配到了巴塘盆地南缘断裂上。巴塘盆地南缘断裂的存在很好地解释了玉树断裂的走滑速率比甘孜断裂偏低的原因。但是,从区域变形来看,巴塘盆地南缘断裂分配的滑动速率恰好说明了甘孜-玉树断裂带东、西段及鲜水河断裂带的水平构造变形是协调一致的。 相似文献
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如何获取构造形变微地貌所蕴含的定量参数,对于研究活动断裂、地震地表破裂带特征来说是至关重要的.甘孜—玉树断裂是广义鲜水河断裂带向北西延伸的羽列孳生断裂,具有新活动性.活动断裂新构造活动微地貌响应是研究构造形变微地貌的最佳对象之一.近年来,一些高精度仪器已经广泛应用于构造形变微地貌的测量中.天宝VX空间测距仪是一款集成了先进的光学测量技术、量测成像技术和3D扫描技术并能捕捉扫描数据、成像数据和测量数据,并把这些数据融合一体可执行所有任务的测量仪器.本文结合甘孜—玉树断裂邓柯段的构造形变微地貌特征,系统介绍天宝VX空间测距仪获取该段活动断裂的定量化形变参数,这些参数对我们深入了解甘孜—玉树断裂邓柯段活动性质有着重要的意义,并对天宝VX空间测距仪在构造形变微地貌测量中的应用提供了重要的参考资料. 相似文献
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2010年4月14日青海玉树MW6.9地震发震断层为甘孜-玉树断裂NW段.断裂错动速率的准确估计能够为认识发震断裂的结构和地震的孕震过程提供帮助,甘孜-玉树断裂周边地区(89°~103°E,28°-39°N)1999-2007年的GPS观测使之成为可能.去除受到断裂锁定效应或其他断裂位错影响的数据后,将跨断裂剖面上的台... 相似文献
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本文对2010年玉树Ms7.1级地震序列的横波分裂的时空变化现象进行了研究.通过在横波窗内S波质点运动图的分析,从位于甘孜—玉树断裂带台站的地震记录中提取了S波分裂的快波偏振方向和快慢波之间的时间延迟.断裂带上3个台站的S波分裂的结果显示了NEE向快波偏振方向,与区域内最大主压应力方向基本一致.观测到了快、慢波到时延迟的趋势性变化,空间上,位于震源区甘孜—玉树断裂带的北支断裂上L6304和YUS台的到时延迟大于位于南支断裂上的L6303的结果,同时YUS台的到时延迟又大于L6304台的;时间上,YUS台的到时延迟在主震后迅速增大,持续一段时间后又减小.横波分裂现象主要由台站下方岩层中随应力分布排列的微裂隙控制,本文结果揭示了主震和余震过程中区域应力场的变化,玉树地震主震区的应力在主震后得到了释放,地壳应力向东南转移,导致了YUS台的到时延迟大于L6304台的;玉树地震的发震断裂是甘孜—玉树断裂的北支断裂,而南支断裂对其影响较小;YUS台附近的地壳应力在主震后得到了增强,随着余震活动导致的应力释放,后期应力减小. 相似文献
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2021年5月22日青海果洛州玛多县发生MS7.4地震,震中位于( 34.59°N, 98.34°E) ,其震源机制解显示该地震为高倾角走滑型(张喆,许立生, 2021).玛多地震的发震构造为昆仑山口—江错断裂,是东昆仑断裂的一条分支断裂(王未来等, 2021).玉树地震台位于甘孜—玉树断裂附近.玛多地震震中和玉树地震台均位于巴颜喀拉次级地块内,玉树地震台位于巴颜喀拉地块的南边界.此次地震震中处于玉树地震台的NE方向,距巴颜喀拉地块北边界85 km (图1). 相似文献
10.
对历史记载的公元1738年玉树西北地震的震级及其发震构造目前仍存有争议。卫星影像解译和野外调查发现沿甘孜-玉树断裂当江段分布一条长约75km的左旋走滑地震地表破裂带,其最大同震水平位移约2.1m。综合分析该地表破裂带特征、探槽揭露信息、测年结果以及历史文献记载等资料,认为当江段应为1738年玉树西北地震的发震断层,基于震例类比和经验公式估算该次地震的震级为71/2级。沿甘孜-玉树断裂的历史地震破裂分布显示,玉树段在隆宝镇以西存在近50km长的破裂空段;当江段距1738年地震的离逝时间也可能已经接近其地震复发周期,上述两个段落未来均存在大震危险。 相似文献
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野外调查表明,青海玉树MS7.1地震发生在青藏高原中部甘孜—玉树断裂的玉树段上,在玉树县结古镇至隆宝镇之间产生了一系列包括剪切破裂、张剪切破裂、压剪切破裂、张性破裂及其不连续岩桥区出现的鼓包或陷落坑(拉分盆地)、高寒地区特有的冰裂缝等地表破裂单元,它们斜列组合成整体走向约300°、长约65 km、最大同震左旋位移2.4 m的地表破裂带,具有变形局部化的基本特征.玉树地震地表破裂带整体上可划分为长约15 km的结隆次级地表破裂带和长约31 km的结古次级地表破裂带,两者呈左阶羽列,其间无地表破裂段长约17 km,对应于MW6.4和MW6.9两个次级地震事件.地表破裂类型、基本组合特征等显示出甘孜—玉树断裂两盘块体的运动方式以纯剪切的左旋走滑为主,从一个方面反映了青藏高原物质存在着向东的逃逸和挤出现象. 相似文献
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The Ganzi-Yushu Fault, the boundary of Bayan Har active tectonic block, Qiantang active tectonic block and Sichuan-Yunan active tectonic block, is a sinistral strike-slip fault zone with intensive Holocene activity. Thus, the study of activity characteristics and rupture behavior of paleoearthquakes in the late Quaternary on the Ganzi-Yushu Fault is of fundamental importance for understanding the future seismic risk of this fault. The southeast section of Ganzi-Yushu Fault is made up of three segments of Ganzi, Manigange and Dengke, where a M S7.3 earthquake in 1866, a M S7.7 earthquake in 1854 and a M S7.3 in 1896 occurred, respectively. There is still lack of in-depth study on the active features and the cascading rupture possibility of these segments, which hindered the evaluation of seismic risk for the southeast section of Ganzi-Yushu Fault. By the means of field geological survey and micro topography measurement, this paper studied the geological and geomorphological features of the southeast section of the Ganzi-Yushu Fault. The results show that the Ganzi and Dengke segments show obvious extension movement, in addition to the left-lateral movement. For Manigange segment, the characteristics of the movement are mainly left-lateral strike-slip and thrusting, and the maximum vertical displacement of the Holocene strata is greater than 2m. In part areas, the movement is normal faulting, which perhaps relates to the left stepping zone in the local stress environment. Therefore, combining the research results such as the fracture distribution in different motion characteristics, rupture behavior of paleoearthquakes, and the distribution of historical earthquake surface ruptures, we divide the southeast section of Ganzi Yushu Fault into Ganzi, Manigange and Dengke segment, and consider the Yakou and the Dengke Basin as the stepovers and the segments' boundaries. As the small scale of impermanent barriers including Dengke Basin and the ridge near Yakou, of which the width is about 1~2km, they may be broken through in great earthquake rupture in future. A trench was excavated in Zhuqing township to investigate the paleoearthquakes on the Manigange segment, radiocarbon dating was employed and 3 paleoseismic events were revealed in the Zhuqing trench, which are the seismic events occurring respectively at 3875~3455BC, after 775BC, and the latest one that ruptured the surface. Compared with the previous results of paleoseismology in the southeast section of Ganzi-Yushu Fault, it is found that the paleoseismic events in the Manigange segment are obviously different with that in Ganzi segment and Dengke segment. Due to the lack of sufficient data on the southeast section of the Ganzi-Yushu Fault, it still needs further discussion whether the cascade-rupturing between these segments exists. 相似文献
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2022年1月8日01时45分, 在青海省海北州门源县(N37.77°, E101.26°)发生了MS6.9地震, 震源深度约10km.震后现场考察确认, 本次地震震中位于祁连—海原断裂带中段的冷龙岭断裂与托勒山断裂之间的构造转换部位, 上述断裂均为全新世活动的左旋走滑断裂.地震形成了两条地表破裂带, 总长度约31km.其中, 北侧主破裂带主要沿冷龙岭断裂西段分布, 东起硫磺沟脑, 向西穿过道沟, 至下大圈沟止, 长度约22km, 野外测量并经无人机高分辨率影像校核后, 最大水平位错量约2.6±0.3m, 并向两端逐渐衰减, 宏观震中位于硫磺沟大拐弯至道沟以东一带.南西侧的次级破裂带分布在托勒山断裂东段上, 东自大圈窝, 断续向西过羊肠子沟, 至大西沟止, 长度约9km, 最大水平位错量约1.0±0.1m, 二者之间呈左阶斜列, 最小阶距约1.0km.本次地震地表破裂习性以左旋走滑为主略具逆冲分量, 各次级破裂呈左旋左阶拉张或左旋右阶挤压的雁列式组合, 形成了典型的走滑断错地貌, 如左旋断错纹沟、河床、牧区铁丝网围栏、道路路基、车辙、便道和动物脚印等, 同时还形成了典型的挤压脊或鼓包、张性裂隙和断层陡坎等, 其走滑破裂样式典型而丰富.综合本次地震地表破裂展布和余震活动所反映的深部构造特征表明, 其发震构造应以冷龙岭断裂西段为主, 托勒山断裂东段参与, 在其构造转换部位形成不连续的Y字型分叉的地震地表破裂图像.这次地震是继1986年门源MS6.4和2016年门源MS6.4地震沿冷龙岭北侧次级断裂活动之后, 发生在冷龙岭主干活动断裂带上的一次强烈地震, 未来应重点关注祁连—海原断裂带尤其是西段的大震活动. 相似文献
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由于2010年玉树地震(Ms=7.1)产生了超剪切地震破裂,所以地震灾害特别严重.国内外地球科学家对该地震产生超剪切破裂过程的物理机制一直非常关注,但至今没有给出满意的解答.为此,文中根据玉树地震发震断层的实际几何构建有限单元数值模型,模型中的断层由2个断层段构成,它们之间有约10°的夹角,形成断层拐折.模拟结果表明,玉树地震的破裂由2个子事件组成;当破裂在震源所在的断层上成核后,先在第一个断层段上传播,其速度为亚剪切波速度;当破裂一旦越过断层拐折,在第二个断层段上传播时,破裂速度就立即转变为超剪切波速度.计算结果显示,当断层发生超剪切破裂时,断层上的位错幅度、破裂产生的地震波速度及加速度都会显著增大,从而造成地震灾害大大增加,这很可能是玉树地震的震害特别严重的重要原因.从模拟实验中还看到,若是模型中的断层没有发生拐折,在模型的其他参数都保持不变的情况下,破裂速度不会发生变化.但是,若初始应力场的方位与断层之间的夹角发生变化,这时断裂系统中尽管存在断层拐折,也不是一定能产生超剪切破裂.只有当初始应力方位与断层之间的夹角以及断层走向变化的偏角二者之间的关系恰到好处时,断层拐折才有可能促使断层破裂由亚剪切转化为超剪切破裂.所以,玉树地震之所以能产生超剪切地震破裂,恰恰是发震断层几何与初始应力场方位之间的关系达到某种"最佳状态"的结果.这也可能是天然地震中超剪切破裂事件稀少的原因之一.因此,研究超剪切地震破裂过程的动力学机制,对于深入研究地震震源过程、地震灾害评估等有着非常重要的科学意义. 相似文献
15.
Living with disaster is an objective reality that human must face especially in China. A large number of earthquake case studies, such as the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, 2010 Yushu earthquake, 2014 Ludian earthquake, have demonstrated that earthquake heavy damage and casualties stem from ground-faulting or rupturing along seismogenic active fault, near-fault high ground accelerations and building catastrophic structural failure. Accordingly, avoidance of active faults may be an important measure to effectively reduce earthquake hazard, which may encounter in the future, but how to avoid an active fault and how much a setback distance from the active fault is required to ensure that the ground faulting and rupturing has no any direct impact on buildings. This has been the focus of debate both for domestic and foreign scholars. This paper, first of all, introduces the definition of active fault. Then, quantitative analyses are done of the high localization of earthquake surface ruptures and relationship between the localized feature of the coseismic surface ruptures and building damages associated with the measured widths of the historical earthquake surface rupture zones, and an average sstatistic width is obtained to be 30m both for the earthquake surface rupture zones and heavy damage zones along the seismogenic fault. Besides, the widths of the surface rupture zones and spatial distribution of the building damages of the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake and 2008 Wenchuan earthquake have also been analyzed to reveal a hanging-wall effect:Width of surface rupture zone or building damage zone on the hanging-wall is 2 or 3 times wider than that on its foot-wall for a dip-slip fault. Based on these latest knowledge learnt above, issues on avoidance object, minimum setback distance, location requirement of active fault for avoidance, and anti-faulting design for buildings in the surface rupture zone are further discussed. Finally, we call for national and local legislatures to accelerate the legislation for active fault survey and avoidance to normalize fault hazard zoning for general land-use planning and building construction. This preventive measure is significantly important to improve our capability of earthquake disaster reduction. 相似文献
16.
Abstract The earthquake surface ruptures on the northern side of Awaji Island accompanying the 1995 Southern Hyogo Prefecture Earthquake in Japan consist of three earthquake surface rupture zones called the Nojima, Matsuho, and Kusumoto Earthquake Surface Rupture Zones. The Nojima Earthquake Surface Rupture Zone is - 18 km long and was formed from Awaji-cho at the northern end of Awaji Island to Ichinomiya-cho. It occurred along the pre-existing Nojima geological fault in the northern segment and as a new fault in the southern segment. The northern segment of the Nojima Earthquake Surface Rupture Zone is composed of some subparallel shear faults showing a right-step en echelon form and many extensional cracks showing a left-step en echelon form. The southern segment consists of some discontinuous surface ruptures which are concentrated in a narrow zone a few tens of meters in width. This surface rupture zone shows a general trend striking north 30°-60° east, and dipping 75°-85° east. The deformational topographies and striations on the fault plane generated during the co-seismic displacement show that the Nojima Earthquake Surface Rupture Zone is a right-lateral strike-slip fault with some reverse component. Displacements measured at many of the outcrops are generally 100-200 em horizontally and 50-100 em vertically in the northern segment and a few em to 20 em both horizontally and vertically in the southern segment. The largest displacements are 180 em horizontally, 130 em vertically, and 215 em in netslip measured at the Hirabayashi fault scarp. The Matsuho Earthquake Surface Rupture Zone striking north 40°-60° west was also found along the coastline trending northwest-southeast in Awaji-cho for ~1 km at the northern end of Awaji Island. The Kusumoto Earthquake Surface Rupture Zone occurred along the pre-existing Kusumoto geological fault for ~ 1.5 km near the northeastern coastline, generally striking north 35°-60° east, dipping 60°-70° west. From the morphological and geomorphological characteristics, the Nojima Earthquake Surface Rupture Zone can be divided into four segments which form a right-step en echelon formation. The geological and geomorphological evidence and the aftershock epicenter distributions show clearly that the distributions and geometry of these four segments are controlled by the pre-existing geological structures. 相似文献
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北京时间2022年1月8日,青海省门源县发生了M S6.9地震,震中位于冷龙岭断裂西端与托莱山断裂过渡区。地震发生后,文章利用亚米级分辨率的高分7号卫星影像对本次地震产生的地震破裂带进行详细解译,并与野外调查结果进行对比,获得此次地震地表破裂带分布及组合特征。结果显示,此次地震形成两条破裂带,长度分别约21 km和5 km,分别沿冷龙岭断裂西段和托莱山断裂东段展布。地震破裂带由一系列雁列式地震裂缝、挤压鼓包及拉张凹陷组成,破裂带组合特征反映出发震断裂明显的左旋走滑特征,但利用影像并未识别出同震位错等定量数据。在此基础上,文章对比冷龙岭断裂东段存在的历史地震破裂带,讨论了冷龙岭断裂未来地震危险性问题。 相似文献
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