碱性长石中Fe^3＋在四面体位置间交换动力学的EPR研究

在加热条件下,利用EPR方法研究了碱性长石中不同四面体位置间的Fe~(3+)、Al~(3+)交换。低温钠长石和透长石晶体分别在水热,1 kbar,500—900℃和干加热,1050℃条件下加热。在低温钠长石中,加热后Fe~(3+)线被加宽,当温度为800℃时,除T_1(o)位置外,没有出现其余四面体位置Fe~(3+)产生的谱线。透长石在1050℃加热1300h后,T_1和T_2线的相对强度发生了变化。实验表明,在碱性长石中不同四面体间Fe~(3+)、Ak~(3+)和Fe~(3+)、Si~(4+)交换与Al~(3+)、Si~(4+)交换比较,前者速度要缓慢得多。     

铬铁矿中的次近邻效应

本文使用穆斯堡尔效应对三个铬铁矿进行了研究,测量了铬铁矿L-1在150K和298K温度下的穆斯堡尔谱和铬铁矿L-2和L-3在298K温度下的谱。使用次近邻效应解释了铬铁矿中的多重Fe~(2+)双峰,并使用二项式分布计算了Cr~(3+)、Fe~(3+)和Al占据次近邻位置的几率。在穆斯堡尔面积和二项式分布计算的基础上做出了Fe~(2+)双峰的指派。铬铁矿L-1谱在150K下进一步分裂,表明用来解释铬铁矿谱的模型是正确的。     

地开石-高岭石混层矿物的电子顺磁共振(EPR)研究

本文首次利用EPR研究了我国北方石炭-二叠纪煤系地层粘土岩中的粗晶(1～2mm)。与粉末状地开石、高岭石、地开石-高岭石混合样的Fe~(3+)EPR谱对比证明,这些粗晶是一种地开石-高岭石(D-K)的非规则混层矿物,其单晶的EPR表明,Fe~(3+)离子有两种位置:低对称位置,引起弱各向异性的Ⅰ线,λ～0.30;高对称位置,给出强各向异性的E线,λ～0.24。这对历来认为高岭石的Fe~(3+)谱中Ⅰ线为各向同性的看法是一个有益的修正。Ⅰ呈双线(Ⅰ_1及Ⅰ_2)是鉴定这种粗晶属于D-K混层矿物的一个特征标志。     

高岭石的热稳定性和热处理产物的DTA IR和EPR研究

本文利用DTA、IR和EPR等方法研究了高岭石的热稳定性及100—900℃热处理产物的系统特征。高岭石的热稳定性会因为堆垛层错缺陷浓度的增大而降低。根据IR和EPR实验,所有高岭石热处理过程中的变化包括:脱羟前、脱羟和脱羟后三个阶段。小于400℃时,产物成分和结构同原高岭石相同,≥400℃开始产物的堆垛层错浓度增大并有利于继续升温后的脱羟过程。变高岭石可能介于晶质和非晶质之间。此外,高岭石Ⅰ位Fe~(3+)和变高岭石结构中的Fe~(3+)可能有某些相似的特征。     

矿物中的变石效应:金绿宝石,石榴石,刚玉,荧石

变石状(alexandrite-like)矿物的吸收光谱和它们的颜色起因作了概述。变石,是金绿宝石矿物的一个变种,它的颜色被认为是Cr~(3+)出现在金绿宝石结构中的Al~(3+)位置造成的,它进入Al_2位置比进入Al_1位置更为优先,因为它的Al—O间距较大。变石的吸收光谱显示出处于八面体配位的晶格位置中Fe~(3+)和Cr~(3+)的强带。Cr~(3+)光谱中较强组份的数量和偏振强度可用Al_2配位多面体(m对称)的畸变加以解释。在Al_1位置上的Cr~(3+)的谱带强度较低,并且只能看成Cr~(3+)(Al_2)带的台肩。变石状石榴石可被细分为富铬镁铝榴石和富锰铝榴石质的、含钒和(或)铬的镁铝榴石。在两个变石状石榴石族中,Cr~(3+)(4T_2←4A_2)和V~(3+)(3T_2←3T_1)的最大吸收大致位于17500Cm~(-1)的光谱区。这一事实可用两个石榴石族县有近似的晶体场强度解释之。变石状天然刚玉的光谱则用Cr~(3+)(V~(3+))、Fe~(3+)的d-d跃迁以及Fe~(2+)/Ti~(4+)和Fe~(2+)/Fe~(3+)的电荷转移带的迭加来解释。在变石状萤石谱中,可以观察到y~(3+)、Ce~(3+)和Sm~(2+)的吸收带。所有具有颜色变化的矿物和其它变石状相的吸收谱,除了在17300和17800cm~(-1)之间有一个最大的强吸收之外度还在1500和1600cm~(-1)之间以及19700和2IOOOcm~(-1)之间出现最小吸收。比色研究表明,将日光变为人造光时,色,图中主要波长向其红光区位移。在日光中是绿色的晶体,在人造光中通常变成红色,在日光中是蓝绿色或浅蓝色的晶体,在人造光中变成淡红紫色。     

磁铁矿中硅的赋存状态研究进展:兼论新疆雅满苏铁矿床中磁铁矿晶体化学特征

磁铁矿广泛出现于各种类型的岩石中,具有反尖晶石结构。Si与Fe无论是从离子半径还是从电子的获取能力上均存在较大区别,然而无论是利用电子探针分析还是湿化学法,很多研究均表明:磁铁矿晶体中含有一定数量的硅。目前,硅是否类似于Al、Mg、Ti等元素,以类质同象的方式进入磁铁矿晶格目前尚不明确。已有研究表明Si在磁铁矿中的含量对磁铁矿的生成环境(成矿环境)有较大的指示意义:热液环境中生成的磁铁矿晶体的SiO_2的含量可达6.19 wt%,而在一些正岩浆型的磁铁矿中,SiO_2的含量常常低于电子探针的检出限。结合实际研究资料,尝试阐明新疆哈密地区雅满苏矽卡岩型矿床磁铁矿晶体中硅的可能赋存状态。研究表明,新疆雅满苏矽卡岩型磁铁矿矿床中的磁铁矿中SiO_2的含量相对较高,而且Si的含量与Fe~(3+)含量呈明显的线性负相关关系;穆斯堡尔谱结果亦指示Si替换了四面体上Fe~(3+)的位置,并且在八面体位置上四极分裂愈大,类质同象替代愈加广泛。     

吉林省集安安绿玉矿物学特征

安绿玉产于吉林省集安地区,为胶状隐晶质蛇纹石矿物集合体,属岫玉一个新品种。安绿玉的化学成分与蛇纹石的理论化学组成接近。x射线、红外吸收光谱、电子显微镜、穆斯堡尔谱和吸收谱研究表明:安绿玉主要由利蛇纹石组成,含有一定量正纤蛇纹石。利蛇纹石为片状、正纤蛇纹石为管状、纤维状集合体。安绿玉具多种颜色,它取决于铁的含量、价态和位置,含Fe~3+呈黄色系列,而Fe~(2+)→Fe~(3+)电荷转移吸收呈蓝色系列。利蛇纹石的Fe~(2+)、Fe~(3+)在八面体M_1和M_2位置上分布是无序的。文中还论述了玉石特征及其与成分和结构的关系。     

莱河矿中阳离子的分布

在100—688K之间测量了河北莱河矿的穆斯堡尔谱。高温穆斯堡尔谱表明,莱河矿只显示一个Fe~(2+)双峰。没有测出铁榄橄石的存在。如果将莱河矿冷却到室温以下,则在240K首先出现磁分裂的谱线。从莱河矿的Fe~(2+)和Fe~(3+)双峰的面积比和化学成分能估算Fe~(2+)和Fe~(3+)的占位以及空位在M_1和M_2上的分布:对M_1来说为0.65Fe~(2+)+0.35□;对M_2来说为0.90Fe~(3+)+0.1□。Fe~(2+)和Fe~(3+)的同质异能位移随温度的变化率分别为-9.8×10~(-4)mm/s·K和-5.7×10~(-4)mm/s·K,计算了四极分裂与温度的相关性     

铝硅酸盐矿物和玻璃中Al的配位与局部结构

利用同步辐射的AlK边X射线吸收近进结构（XANES）谱研究了刚玉和铝硅酸盐矿物（蓝晶石,红柱石,夕线石和钠长石）中Al的配位与局部结构,证明该方法可以作为新的结构探针研究结构未知体系中Al的配位与局部结构。例如,Al的K边XANES谱证明在室温压条件,钠长石玻璃中的Al保持为四面体配位（AlIV）,局部结构与钠长石晶体中的Al相似;尽管硬玉晶体中的Al为八面体配位,但硬玉玻璃中的Al变为四面体配位（AlIV）。而在相同的高温压条件（4．4GPa,1575C）下制备的硬玉-钠长石玻璃系列中,压力引起四面体配位的Al变成五次（Alv）和六次配位（AlVl）,且五次和六次配位Al的比例随玻璃中硬玉含量的增加而增大。     

福建马坑铁矿中角闪石的谱学特征及成因意义

文章研究了马坑铁矿中角闪石的红外光谱、穆斯堡尔谱及热谱特征,特别是阐述了角闪石的(OH)伸缩振动红外光谱的A、B、C、D振动带随Fe~(2+)和Mg含量变化而产生的规律性变化。探索了谱学参数与Fe_2O_3、Al_2O_3、FeO、MgO、MnO的关系。应用(OH)红外光谱的四个振动带的相对强度和穆斯堡尔谱参数计算了Fe~(2+)和Mg在M_1、M_2、M_3晶位中的分配及占位顺序,进而讨论了角闪石的成因。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861