共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Atmospheric turbulence theory applied to GPS carrier-phase data 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
Turbulent irregularities in the lower atmosphere cause physical correlations between Global Positioning System (GPS) carrier-phase
measurements. Based on turbulence theory, a variance–covariance model is developed in this paper that reflects these correlations.
The main result shows that the obtained fully-populated variance–covariance matrices depend not only on the satellite-station
geometry, but also on the prevailing atmospheric conditions, which are parameterised by, e.g., the von Karman spectrum of
refractivity fluctuations and the wind velocity vector. It is shown that the amount of the correlation between two GPS carrier-phase
observations is inversely related to the separation distance of the corresponding ray paths through the turbulent atmosphere.
Furthermore, the wind velocity and direction play a key role in the correlation. 相似文献
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Estimating the motion of atmospheric water vapor using the Global Positioning System 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Water vapor is both an important component in the atmosphere for the transport of energy and a noise source for space geodetic
observations of the Earth's surface, such as from GPS and interferometric SAR (InSAR) measurements. GPS data collected from
ground receivers are sensitive to the total amount of water vapor above the antenna and data from continuously operating GPS
receivers are routinely used to estimate delays caused by atmospheric water vapor. Using these time series of atmospheric
delay, we have estimated the motion of atmospheric water vapor above GPS networks. The motion above each site is determined
by comparing the time series from different sites and estimating relative time offsets in these time series. These are then
used to determine the velocity field of the atmospheric delays as they move across the network. We have compared the results
with similar estimates inferred from geostationary satellite data and found clear correlation on several occasions. Such results
can be useful for improving the understanding of the energy transport in the atmosphere, the spatial interpolation of water
vapor, and for calibrating InSAR observations for delays caused by water vapor.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
4.
采用ISO国际标准大气模型和Owens大气折射系数算法,根据大气层内不同纬度和海拔高度处的大气折射系数分布规律,把地球大气简化为对流层和同温层的双层均匀球形大气,从在轨光学卫星CCD探元视线出发,使用视线跟踪几何算法,计算不同侧视角下大气折射产生的几何位置偏差。结果表明,大气折射几何偏差随卫星观测角的增加而非线性迅速增加。当卫星运行在650km的太阳同步轨道,侧视30°成像时,大气折射产生约2.5m的几何偏差;卫星侧视45°成像时,大气折射产生约9m的几何偏差。在高分辨率敏捷卫星成像和宽视场卫星遥感图像的严密几何定位处理中,使用本文提出的大气折射几何偏差算法和严密几何定位大气折射校正模型,在地心地固坐标系下补偿严密几何模型中存在的大气折射偏差,能够进一步提升高分辨率卫星遥感图像的无控几何定位精度,应用于我国高分系列卫星遥感图像地面几何定位处理。 相似文献
5.
基于大气湍流理论,严密推导出折射系数、折光角、折光曲率等折光公式。这些折光公式综合考虑了普热通量、云量、地面潮湿度等多种气象参数,更能贴切地反映大气折光的影响。最后,通过采集数据对公式进行了验证,所得结果符合湍流理论。 相似文献
6.
提出了针对ASTER数据同时反演大气水汽含量与地表温度的三通道算法,即利用ASTER数据的第12,13,14三个热红外波段建立三个热辐射传输方程。再利用MODTRAN软件分别模拟ASTER 12,13,14波段透过率与大气水汽含量的关系,通过分析可知ASTER三个热红外波段的透过率与大气水汽含量的关系可用近似线性方程表示,从而得到另外三个方程。这样就构成了一个包含六个未知数、六个方程的方程组,形成了针对ASTER数据同时反演大气水汽含量与地表温度的三通道算法。由于各参数都可以通过方程组计算出来,所以,这种算法仅需要ASTER数据就可反演出大气水汽含量与地面温度,且关键参数大气透过率的计算精度提升到了AS-TER数据一个像元(15×15)m2的程度。 相似文献
7.
多暗像元大气校正方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对Landsat TM影像,设计了一种适用于非均质大气的大气校正方法。该方法以暗目标减法(DOS)为基础,结合大气辐射传输模型,通过选取TM影像上多个暗像元,并计算其所对应的大气校正系数对整幅图像进行大气校正。该方法不依赖任何外部信息,并且考虑了大气的非均质性,校正精度较高。 相似文献
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Mª Selmira Garrido Mª Clara de Lacy Ana Mª Rojas 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2018,11(9):880-896
The troposphere affects Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals due to the variability of the refractive index. Tropospheric delay is a function of the satellite elevation angle and the altitude of the GNSS receiver and depends on the atmospheric parameters. If the residual tropospheric delay is not modelled carefully a bias error will occur in the vertical component. In order to analyse the precise altimetric positioning based on a local active network, four scenarios in Southern Spain with different topographical, environmental, and meteorological conditions are presented, considering both favourable and non-favourable conditions. The use of surface meteorological observations allows us to take into account the tropospheric conditions instead of a standard atmosphere, but introduces a residual tropospheric bias which reduces the accuracy of precise GNSS positioning. Thus, with short observation times it is recommended not to estimate troposphere parameters, but to use an a priori model together with the standard atmosphere. The results confirm that it is possible to achieve centimetre-scale vertical accuracy and precision with real time kinematic positioning even with large elevation differences with respect to the nearest reference stations. These numerical results may be taken into consideration for improving the altimetric configuration of the local active network. 相似文献
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三角高程测量中大气折光改正的教学研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
三角高程测量因大气折光影响而使精度受损。介绍从测定大气温度、压强入手,确定大气折射率、求出大气折光差角,从而消除大气折光对三角高程测量的影响的方法。 相似文献
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主要介绍了地基合成孔径雷达,阐述了干涉测量成像系统IBIS-L的结构和基本原理,将IBIS-L系统应用于国内外几个大坝的变形计算与分析,获得了较为准确的大坝位移量,认为IBIS-L系统可以应用于大坝的变形监测,同时认为大坝变形监测时受大气的影响较大,如何有效地进行大气影响改正和提高IBIS-L技术的变形监测精度是值得深入研究的课题。 相似文献
13.
针对欧洲中程天气预报中心实时大气数据中由于水平及垂直分辨率变化所引起的大气压跳跃,利用再分析大气数据(ERA-Interim)及去平滑球谐分析方法计算重力恢复与气候实验卫星(gravity recovery and climate experiment,GRACE)大气去混频模型,从谱域、空域角度及利用主成分分析方法比较其与标准大气与海洋去混频模型的差距,并采用星间距离变率残差作为标准衡量两种模型的优劣。结果表明:两种模型之间精度相近,用于计算时变重力场模型时其影响可忽略,但在用于计算下一代卫星重力场模型时,需考虑其影响。 相似文献
14.
大气负荷响应计算误差估计模型 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
罗少聪 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2001,26(3):217-221
用数理统计技术,建立格林函方法计算大气变化引起重力和形焦等效应的精度评定模型,并利用中国及其邻区的大气观,蛭大气误差常数和一个计算方案的精度估计,其结果与固体潮汐检测在不同气候条件下的响应情况相一致,该系统也可应用于格林函数积分形式的其它物理模型的误差估计。 相似文献
15.
. The excess radio-path delay due to the atmospheric water vapor, the wet delay, can be derived from water vapor radiometer
(WVR) measurements. WVR data used for external calibration of space geodetic measurements are not always acquired in the directions
of the space geodetic signal sources, thus extrapolation and interpolation methods for the wet delay are needed. We evaluate
three different methods using approximately 10 days of WVR measurements. Two methods, the gradient method and turbulence method,
use the directional information in the data, while the third method used is linear regression in time regardless of the direction
of the observations. The turbulence method yielded at least 10% less RMS estimation error than the errors from the other two
methods.
Received: 20 May 1997 / Accepted: 15 December 1997 相似文献
16.
本文针对近地卫星所受摄动力的特点,详细分析了大气阻尼系数、大气模式、地球重力场模型、系统性误差等对定轨的影响。利用待估大气阻尼系数及其变率,可有效地消除大气模型差的影响,提高定轨精度。在得克萨斯大学空间研究中心编制的精密定轨软件UTOPIA86的基础上,重新编制和调试出能有效处理近地卫星定轨的实用软件。 相似文献
17.
用GPS观测反演大气中水汽的含量 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍用GPS测量提取水汽的原理和过程,讨论如何提高其精度和实时性,并提出构造三维水汽分布的方法。通过用GPS观测量反演大气的影响,从而提取大气中水汽的含量,这对气象研究和天气预报有很好的作用。 相似文献
18.
利用传感器成像时刻对应的观测区域气象参数,结合大气光学湍流参数化模型和气溶胶MTF估计模型,分别计算湍流MTF和气溶胶MTF,再由二者的乘积得到大气MTF,进而采用一种改进的维纳滤波算法实现遥感影像的大气模糊去除。实验结果证明,恢复后影像的客观评价指标以及主观视觉效果均有明显改善,验证了本文算法的有效性和可行性。 相似文献
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Atmospheric Angular Momentum Time-Series: Characterization of their Internal Noise and Creation of a Combined Series 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The atmosphere induces variations in Earth rotation. These effects are classically computed using the “angular momentum approach”. In this method, the variations in Earth rotation are estimated from the variations in the atmospheric angular momentum (AAM). Several AAM time-series are available from different meteorological centers. However, the estimation of atmospheric effects on Earth rotation differs when using one atmospheric model or the other. The purpose of this work is to build an objective criterion that justifies the use of one series in particular. Because the atmosphere is not the only cause of Earth rotation variations, this criterion cannot rely only on a comparison of AAM series with geodetic data. Instead, we determine the quality of each series by making an estimation of their noise level, using a generalized formulation of the “three-cornered hat method”. We show the existence of a link between the noise of the AAM series and their correlation with geodetic data: a noisy series is usually less correlated with Earth orientation data. As the quality of the series varies in time, we construct a combined AAM series, using time-dependent weights chosen so that the noise level of the combined series is minimal. To determine the influence of a minimal noise level on the correlation with geodetic data, we compute the correlation between the combined series and Earth orientation data. We note that the combined series is always amongst the best correlated series, which confirms the link established before. The quality criterion, while totally independent of Earth orientation observations, appears to be physically convincing when atmospheric and geodetic data are compared 相似文献