Photochemical oxidation of benzothiophene in seawater

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮｐｈｏｔｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｏｘｉｄａｔｉｏｎｏｆｂｅｎｚｏｔｈｉｏｐｈｅｎｅｉｎｓｅａｗａｔｅｒｉｎｏｒｄｅｒｔｏｌｅａｒｎｍｏｒｅａｂｏｕｔｔｈｅｒｅｍｏｖａｌｐａｔｔｅｒｎｏｆｔｈｉｓｐｏｌｌｕｔａｎｔｉｎｍａｒｉｎｅｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｓ.Ｂｅｎｚｏｔｈｉｏｐｈｅｎｅｗａｓｃｈｏｓｅｎｆｏｒｔｈｉｓｓｔｕｄｙｓｉｎｃｅｉｔｉｓｔｈｅｓｉｍｐｌｅｓｔ　　Ｔｈｅｈｉｇｈ -ｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅｍｅｒｃｕｒｙｌａｍｐｕｓｅｄｉｎｔｈｉｓｓｔｕｄｙｃｏｕｌｄｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｌｉｇ…     

Sorption behavior of o-nitrophenol on marine sediment

Systematic study on sorption behavior of o-nitrophenol on marine sediments was conducted.Isotherms of sorption of o-nitrophenol on marine sediments could be described by Freundlich model; and the isotherm of sorption of o-nitrophenol on HCl-treated sediment could be described by Langmuir model. The sorption behavior was affected by various factors including organic carbon content, aqueous solution salinity,temperature, and acidity. The sorption amount of o-nitrophenol increased when salinity and acidity of the aqueous solution increase, but decreased with increasing temperature. Organic carbon content in sediments had apparent effect on the behavior except for HCl-treated sediments.     

ANALYSIS AND DISTRIBUTION FEATURES OF BENZOTHIOPHENE IN SEDIMENTS OF NANSHA ISLANDS SEA AREA

unomicrroNTherearereportedstudisoninorganicsulfurcomPoundsinrnarinesedtritS(Song,l99(),Stefan,l994),butfeWonorganicsulfurcomPounds.Itwasshownthatthroughoilspthe,mnoffandatmosphdriproasses,manyanthropogedcorganicsulfurcomP0undsrnaybethenspotalintothemarineenvirorstWheretheycanbeeventuallydePositalalongwithnatamlorganicstilfUrcomPoundsinseddritSraateSetal.,l979).ResearchesonorganicstilfurcomPoundsinrnarinesedirnentSareofpotentialenvirornnentalchdricalshoilicanceforhaherunderstandingofthege…     

Phosphorus sorption-desorption characteristics of ditch sediments from different land uses in a small headwater catchment in the central Sichuan Basin of China

Investigation of phosphorus (P) sorption-desorption characteristics of drainage ditch sediments is important for better understanding on sediment P transport behaviors in ditches. Surface ditch sediment samples were collected from headwater sub-catchment of forestland, sloping cropland, paddy field, and residential area in a representative catchment in the central Sichuan Basin. These sediment samples were used for determination of P sorption-desorption characteristics by a batch equilibrium technique. Results showed that the maximum P sorption capacities (Qm) in the sediments ranged from 159.7 to 263.7 mg/kg, while higher Qm were observed in the ditch sediments from the paddy fields. The Qm was significantly and positively correlated with oxalate-extractable Fe and Al oxides (r=0.97 and 0.98, p < 0.01), clay fraction (r = 0.78, p < 0.05) and organic matter (r = 0.95, p < 0.01). Sediment pH, clay and organic matter influenced the P sorption through amorphous Fe and Al oxides. CaCO3 content was negatively correlated with the Qm (r = -0.83, p < 0.05), implying that saturated CaCO3 (> 50 g/kg) would not increase P sorption capacity in the ditch sediments. The ditch sediments featured a linear desorption curve, suggesting that P release risk would be enhanced with the increase of the P adsorption. The P desorption rate was positively correlated with Olsen P (r = 0.94, p < 0.01), but negatively related to the fine particle-size fractions (r = -0.92, p < 0.01), the sum of the amorphous Fe and Al oxides (r = -0.67, p < 0.05) and the P sorption capacity (r = -0.59, p < 0.05). The ditch sediments from residential area had a higher P release risk than that from the other ditches of forestland, sloping cropland and paddy field. The P sorption index (PSI) derived from single-point measurement was significantly correlated with the P sorption capacity (r = 0.99, p < 0.01), and could be used for estimating Qm as 1.64 times PSI plus 24.0 (Qm = 1.64 PSI + 24.0) for similar sediments with highly calcareous soils and sediments. Ditch cleaning and sediment removal for the ditch in residential area were recommended in this area to reduce the P release risk.     

针铁矿和蒙脱石对菲的吸附解吸行为与热力学研究

采用批量振荡吸附平衡法设计针铁矿和蒙脱石对菲的吸附解吸试验,对比研究了针铁矿和蒙脱石对菲的吸附解吸行为,并考察了不同K+浓度的溶液对蒙脱石吸附菲的影响,比较分析了线性吸附模型和Freundlich吸附模型描述矿物吸附等温线的准确性,并从吸附热力学角度探讨了矿物的吸附机理。结果表明:针铁矿和蒙脱石对菲的吸附解吸均表现出明显的非线性和解吸滞后现象;相对于线性吸附模型来说,针铁矿和蒙脱石对菲的吸附解吸更符合Freundlich吸附模型;与蒙脱石相比,针铁矿对菲的吸附更为显著,且具有更好的稳定性;溶液中软阳离子K+的存在使蒙脱石对菲的吸附能力得到显著提高;菲在蒙脱石和针铁矿上的吸附过程是一个自发放热,同时伴随着熵值减小的过程;随着温度的升高,蒙脱石和针铁矿对菲的吸附能力均减弱。     

BACKGROUND STUDY ON NON-RESIDUAL PHASE OF ELEMENTS IN CHANGJIANG AND HUANGHE ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS

Analysis of Zn, Cu, Pb, Co, Cr, Li, Ni, K, Al, Fe extracted by 1 mol/L HCl or 0.5 mol/LHCl/H_2O_2, showed concentrations of Zn, Cu, Pb, Co, Cr, Fe, Ni were significantly correlated with Li, Al,K, and clay. Two methods are used to indicate the background value of the non-residual phase of elementsin sediments, and are the same as the methods used to indicate the background value of totalconcentrations in sediments. The first method uses correlograms and regression equations,the second usesthe mean element concentrations normalized with grain size. Li, Al, K can be used as reference elements to determine the background value of Zn, Cu, Pb, Co,Cr, Ni, Fe, while the clay concentration's correlation with some extractable concentrations can be used tocalculate the background value of the non-residual phase of elements as a percentage of clay concentrationin the sediments. Based on this study, the concept of using the background value of the non-residualphase of elements to compare the pollution level in differ     

SORPTION AND DESORPTION CHARACTERISTICS OF CADMIUM BY FOUR DIFFERENT SOILS IN NORTHEAST CHINA

1IN TR O D U C TIO NA s a persistentand toxic pollutant, cadm ium (C d) canresultin m any adverse health effects in a variety oftis-suesand organssuch asthe lung,kidney,urinary,blad-der,pancreas,breast and prostate (SA TA R U G etal.,2003).C adm ium in so…     

Heavy metal distribution in sediments of Muthupettai mangroves, south east coast of India

Core sediments from the Muthupettai mangroves on the southeast coast of India were analyzed for soil texture,total nitrogen,organic carbon,phosphorus and heavy metals(Fe,Mn,Cr,Cu,Ni,Pb,Zn and Cd).The distinct seasonal variation in the distribution of metals in the sediments was observed.The minimum concentration was recorded in river mouth and the maximum was in lagoon.High metal concentration in sediment was observed during monsoon and low concentration in summer.The total nu-trient in lagoon and river mouth was recorded in the range of 4.528 to 8.526 mg g-1 for organic carbon,2.213 to 10.5 mg g-1 for nitro-gen and 0.824 to 7.22 mg g-1.     

Does wetland watershed land use influence amphibian larval development? A relevant effect of agriculture on biota

Agriculture practices have been widely proposed as the major cause of amphibian population decline. However, the majority of these results have been based on laboratory experiments. The present study was conducted to test the repercussion of wetland sediment provenance on amphibian larval development. Bufo bufo larvae were used in two different treatments in an outdoor experiment, the first one using sediment from one wetland surrounded by intensive agricultural practices, and the second using sediment with no record of agrochemical uses. A negative effect was observed in the agricultural treatment, from subcellular to individual level. The results showed that the sediment from agricultural practices watershed generates a reduction in survival. Furthermore, individuals that developed under this treatment showed a lower total length and a delay in the time necessary to complete metamorphosis; these features are connected with recruitment success. In the same way, biochemical analysis showed high values of lipid peroxidation in metamorphs developing in sediments from an agricultural area. Finally, the results obtained highlight the importance of considering the sediments, not only the water, as origin treatment, allowing us to understand the consequences on amphibian populations that inhabit areas affected by intensive agriculture.

     

琼东南盆地南部梅山组丘状体沉积特征及成因机制

琼东南盆地南部梅山组具有独特的丘状反射特征,关于其成因机制引起了广泛关注和讨论。以琼东南盆地大量二维地震资料和高分辨率三维地震资料解释为基础,在深水钻井标定下,从地震相特征、沉积物物源、沉积搬运通道、古地貌特征以及海平面变化和构造活动6个方面,阐明了梅山组丘状体的沉积特征,并讨论了其成因机制。研究结果表明,中中新统梅山组沉积时期,受强制性海退影响,琼东南盆地范围内海平面下降至低水位,南部隆起局部暴露剥蚀,提供了大量沉积物源;上中新统黄流组沉积时期,盆地局部构造活动使得南部隆起物源发生重力失稳,通过深水水道向盆地中央以重力流方式搬运沉积物。琼东南盆地梅山组地层的丘状反射特征是黄流组沉积时期以南部隆起沉积物为物源的浊流侵蚀下伏梅山组地层所致。对该丘状体成因机制的深入研究,不但有助于丰富对丘状地震反射现象的认识,而且揭示了其沉积构成为粗碎屑沉积物而非生物礁滩沉积,对深水油气勘探储层特征及评价具有重要意义。      

沉积物岩性及水化学性质对水土界面氟迁移行为的影响

水土界面氟的迁移对高氟地下水的形成具有重要影响。以大同盆地典型氟中毒区为例,分析了不同岩性沉积物中的氟质量分数和形态分布特征,并通过室内静态实验,探究了水溶液的pH值、Ca2+、HCO-₃以及H₂PO-₄质量浓度对水土界面氟迁移的影响。研究结果表明,沉积物中不同形态氟按含量由高到低的顺序依次为:残余态氟≥铁锰氧化态氟>水溶态氟>有机束缚态氟>离子交换态氟;各形态氟在不同岩性沉积物中含量大小均表现为:黏土>粉质黏土>粉砂;在沉积物中,黏土矿物和方解石是主要的固氟矿物成分。溶液的pH值、Ca2+、HCO-₃以及H₂PO-₄质量浓度与氟在沉积物表面的吸附-解吸和沉淀-溶解平衡密切相关,沉积物对氟的吸附量随溶液pH值和HCO-3质量浓度增大而降低,随Ca2+和H₂PO-₄质量浓度增大而增大。      

Chromosome Behavior of Heat Shock Induced Triploid in Fenneropenaeus Chinensis

INTRODUCTIONTriploidanimalsareusefulbecausetheyaresterile ,characterizedbypositivegrowthinthere productiveseason ,usefulfortesting ,forintroductionofnon nativespecies ,andforprotectionofde velopedstrains.Theinductionoftriploidyhadbeenreportedinmanyaquaculturespecies .Triploidshavebeensuccessfullyinducedinshrimpusingtemperatureshockorchemicalshock (CB ,6 DMAP)in 4species :Sicyoniaingentis (Xiangetal.,1 991 ) ,Fenneropenaeuschinensis (Xiangetal.,1 992 ;Daietal.,1 993;Baoetal.,1 993;Li…     

The sediments of lake on the Ardley Island, Antarctica:Identification of penguin-dropping soil Sun Liguang

During CHINARE-15(Dec. 1998 - Mar. 1999), a lake core 67. 5 cm in length, was sampled in Y2 lake, which is located on the Ardley Island, Antarctica.The concentrations of some chemical elements in Y2 lake sediments were analyzed.According to comparative research on elementary characters of sediments in Antarctic West Lake, fresh penguin dropping as well as guano soil on the Ardley Island and Pacific Island in South China Sea, it presents that the Y2 lake sediments were ameliorated by penguin dropping. The result of element cluster analysis shows that the type elements in the sediment impacted by penguin dropping include Sr, F, S,P,Ca,Se,Cu, Zn and Ba. This can provide a base for further interpreting the climatic and environmental event recorded in the sediment.     

神农架大九湖PAHs多介质归趋模拟

选择美国环境保护署EPA优控污染物NaP（萘）、Phe（菲）、Fla（荧蒽）、BaA（苯并蒽）、Chr（屈）、Pyr（芘）和BaP（苯并芘）7种多环芳烃（polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,简称PAHs）作为研究对象,采用Level Ⅲ逸度模型对神农架大九湖地区PAHs多介质归趋进行了模拟,并利用神龙架大九湖大气、土壤、水体和沉积物中PAHs的实际监测数据对模型进行了验证;同时,将气候因素（温度、降水）对环境介质中PAHs转化的影响整合进模型中,探讨了气候变化对PAHs归趋的影响。结果表明:模型计算值与研究区PAHs监测值吻合良好,说明模型参数的选取合理可靠;不同PAHs的相间迁移通量具有一定差异,2环和3环PAHs则以沉积物向水体、水体向大气迁移为主,表现出由沉积物向水体和大气释放的特点,而4环和5环PAHs以大气向土壤和水体向沉积物迁移为主,体现出由大气向土壤和沉积物沉降的特点;温度与水-气、土-气和水-沉积物界面交换净通量存在明显的正相关关系,降水量与水-气、土-气界面交换净通量呈负相关关系,但与水-沉积物界面交换净通量呈正相关关系。本研究结果表明应重视因气候变化而引起的土壤、水体、沉积物的内源释放所造成的二次污染。      

STUDY ON THE ISOTHERMS OF THE INTERACTION BETWEEN SUSPENDED PARTICLES AND Cu (Ⅱ) IN THE HUANGHE RIVER

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｖａｒｉｏｕｓｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌａｎｄｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎｓｔｈａｔｏｃｃｕｒｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｔｈｅｓｕｓｐｅｎｄｅｄｐａｒｔｉｃｌｅｓ,ｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔｓ,ｅｔｃ.ａｎｄｈｅａｖｙｍｅｔａｌｓｉｎａｎａｔｕｒａｌａｑｕａｔｉｃｓｙｓｔｅｍｐｌａｙｅｘｔｒｅｍｅｌｙｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｐａｒｔｓｉｎｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｌｉｎｇｔｈｅｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｐａｔｔｅｒｎ,ｍｉｇｒａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｔｒａｎｓｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｏｆｈｅａｖｙｍｅｔａｌｓｔｈｅｒｅ.Ｓｉｎｃｅ…     

Freeze-thaw effects on sorption/desorption of dissolved organic carbon in wetland soils

The effects of freeze-thaw cycles on sorption/desorption of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in two wetland soils and one reclaimed wetland soil were investigated. DOC concentrations added were 0-600 mg/L. Laboratory incubations of sorption/desorption of DOC had been carried out at -15℃ for 10 h, and then at +5℃ for 13 h. Soil samples were refrozen and thawed subsequently for 5 cycles. Initial Mass model was used to describe sorption behavior of DOC. The results indicate that freeze-thaw cycles can significantly increase the sorption capacity of DOC and reduce the desorption capacity of DOC in the three soils. The freeze-thaw effects on desorption of DOC in soils increase with the increasing freeze-thaw cycles. The conversion of natural wetlands to soybean farmland can decrease the sorption capacity and increase the desorption capacity of DOC in soils. Global warming and reclamation may increase DOC release, and subsequently increase the loss of carbon and the emission of greenhouse gas.     

Heavy metal content in coral reef sediments from Red Sea of Yemen and its significance on marine environment

In order to determine and assess the concentrations of trace elements in coral reefs sediments from Red Sea of Yemen, sediment samples were collected, treated and analyzed for cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, manganese, nickel, lead, iron, zinc and vanadium by the atomic absorption spectrometric analysis. The result is that cadmium, cobalt and lead concentrations were high and other elements are low or the same as natural background. It is concluded that the high cadmium, cobalt and lead levels in coral reefs sediments will have negative effects on marine life of the sites, so further researches are needed to characterize the sources fate, biogeochemical processes and impacts of these trace elements on coral reefs and marine of the region.     

Heavy metal content in coral reef sediments from Red Sea of Yemen and its significance on marine environment

In order to determine and assess the concentrations of trace elements in coral reefs sediments from Red Sea of Yemen, sediment samples were collected, treated and analyzed for cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, manganese, nickel, iead, iron, zinc and vanadium by the atomic absorption spectrometric analysis. The result is that cadmium, cobalt and lead concentrations were high and other elements are low or the same as natural background. It is concluded that the high cadmium, cobalt and lead levels in coral reefs sediments will have negative effects on marine life of the sites, so further researches are needed to characterize the sources fate, biogeochemical processes and impacts of these trace elements on coral reefs and marine of the region.     

Chromosome behavior of heat shock induced triploid in Fenneropenaeus chinensis

Triploidy was induced in Chinese shrimpFenneropenaeus chinensis by 30±0.5°C heat shock treatment (initiated at 20 min after fertilization) for 10 min to inhibit the release of PB2 at 18.0°C. The highest triploid rate obtained was 84.5% in nauplius stage. The effect of heat shock treatment on meiosis and cleavage of eggs was investigated in this work aimed to establish efficient procedures for triploid induction and to gain understanding of the mechanism of triploid production. Three pronuclei that could be observed in the treated eggs under fluorescence microscope developed into triploid embryos. Some abnormal chromosome behavior was observed in heat shocked eggs. Contribution No. 4407 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. This work was supported by Project under Major State Basic Development Program (G1999012009) and Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX 2-211)     

Acid volatile sulfide and simultaneously extracted metals in superficial sediments from Baihua Lake, China

The bioavailability of five divalent cationic heavy metals(Pb,Cd,Cu,Zn and Ni) in 10 superficial sediment samples from Baihua Lake was assessed based on the molar ratio of simultaneously extracted metals(SEMs) to acid volatile sulfide(AVS).Atomic absorption spectrometry(AAS) and X-ray powder diffraction(XRD) were used to determine the heavy metal concentrations and examine the mineralogy of the crystalline phases,respectively.The AVS loadings in sediments from Baihua Lake ranged from 64.30 to 350.08 μmol/g(dry weight).The corresponding SEM levels for the sampling sites varied from 1.770 to 14.660 μmol/g.The molar ratio of SEMs to AVS ranged from 0.014 to 0.084 with a mean value of 0.034.The XRD analysis also confirmed the presence of some metal sulfides in sediments from Baihua Lake.The SEMs/AVS ratios for all sampling sites were significantly lower than 1.0,indicating that AVS in the sediments was sufficient to bind the five heavy metals;thus,these heavy metals are currently not significantly bioavailable to benthic organisms.Comparing the SEMs results to published guideline values for metal toxicity to benthic organisms in sediments,however,suggests that Zn and Ni pose a risk at some sampling locations in Baihua Lake.