中国镍矿成矿规律初探

我国镍矿可分为岩浆型、海相沉积型和风化壳型3种预测类型.矿床形成时代较为连续,最早形成于中—新元古代,最晚形成于新生代,其中中—新元古代和晚古生代是形成矿床的两个高峰期;中—新元古代矿床主要分布在华北地块和扬子地块周缘,晚古生代镍矿主要分布在中亚造山带、峨眉山和塔里木大火成岩省范围内.岩浆型镍矿主要形成于大陆边缘裂解、造山带后碰撞伸展以及地幔柱3种构造背景,根据不同构造背景并结合主要岩浆作用特点,将与幔源基性—超基性岩有关的镍-铜-钴-铂族元素矿床成矿系列类型划分出与大陆裂解边缘幔源基性—超基性岩浆作用有关的镍-铜-钴-铂族元素矿床成矿亚类型、与地幔柱基性—超基性岩浆作用有关的镍-铜-钴-铂族元素矿床成矿亚类型、与造山带俯冲作用下幔源基性—超基性岩有关的镍-铜-钴-铂族元素矿床成矿亚类型、与造山带后碰撞伸展背景下幔源基性—超基性岩有关的镍-铜-钴-铂族元素矿床成矿亚类型等4种亚类型.分别对中—新元古代与大陆边缘裂解有关的镍铜(铂)矿床、寒武纪与黑色页岩有关的海相沉积型镍钼钒矿床、早二叠世与造山带伸展背景有关的镍铜矿床、晚二叠世与大火成岩省有关的镍铜(铂)矿床、新生代与风化壳有关的镍金矿床及其对应的典型矿床特征和成矿模式进行了叙述;认为大陆裂解边缘、地幔柱、造山带后碰撞伸展是我国镍矿形成的有利成矿地质背景,与邻近深大断裂、镁铁—超镁铁岩体、高MgO的原生岩浆(高镁玄武质岩浆)、深部岩浆作用、硫饱和与硫化物熔离共同组成岩浆型镍矿的6个重要地质条件.     

新疆锰矿成矿规律研究

最近新疆西昆仑地区锰矿勘查实现重大突破,伴随大型优质锰矿的发现和勘查,锰已成为新疆区域优势金属矿种之一。通过系统收集资料,总结新疆锰矿成矿类型及区域时空规律。指出寒武纪、二叠纪、石炭纪是新疆锰矿成矿的3个重要时代,西昆仑-昆盖山裂谷带、塔里木陆块北部边缘活动带是新疆锰矿成矿的重要构造单元,以海相沉积型锰矿为主要成矿类型。同时,对比中国南方重要锰矿成矿特征,指出新疆奥尔托喀讷什、穆呼锰矿与广西下雷超大型锰矿在地质构造背景、成矿时代、含矿建造、矿石类型等方面均有相似之处,在成矿空间上具某种“亲缘性”。新疆西昆仑穆呼-玛尔坎苏锰矿带具超大型锰矿成矿潜力。     

秦岭造山带金属成矿系统

秦岭造山带是一个多旋回复合大陆碰撞造山带，是我国重要的多金属成矿带之一，自太古代以来秦岭经历了四大构造演化阶段及多种构造体制的转化，导致了多期构造热事件和成矿作用的发生，形成了多个构造成矿旋回，为秦岭金属元素的大规模富集成矿创造了条件，根据构造，建造，成矿作用及矿床组合特征，从早到晚可将秦岭区域成矿划分为六大成矿系统。其中，中晚元古代与海相火山岩及岛弧菌浆活动有关的成矿系统，早古生代与海相火山热液有关的成矿系统，海西期与海底热液及岩浆作用有关的成矿系统及中生代与陆内造山体制构造一岩浆活动有关的成矿系统对成矿的贡献最大，成矿系统的叠加是区内大多数大型，超大型矿床形成的前提。     

二郎坪地体火山成因块状硫化物床体的成矿规律和找矿预测

东秦岭二郎坪地体夹持于瓦穴子断裂和朱夏断裂之间,主要由早古生代弧后盆地环境的火山沉积建造和晚古生代以来的花岗岩类侵入体组成。近期地质调查表明,二郎坪地体蕴涵重要的银、金、铜、铅、锌等矿床,是一个新的矿集区。本文总结了近几年实施的国土资源大调查项目成果,将矿床划分为铜锌型矿床、铅锌铜型矿床、铁(铜)型矿床、金(银)矿床和黄铁矿层等五大类,它们成矿物质同源,且与火山沉积作用时空关系密切,总体形成于早古生代二郎坪弧后盆地发育阶段的海底喷流沉积作用,与古生代活动大陆边缘成矿系统相关。作者按成矿系统的形成、发展和演化观点,总结了矿床的时空分布规律、找矿标志,认为二郎坪地体资源潜力较大,提出了6个找矿预测远景区。     

中国锡矿成矿规律概要

我国锡矿资源丰富,矿床类型比较齐全。在锡矿资源储量中占有较大比重的主要是锡石—硫化物型、矽卡岩型和石英脉型;从开采和利用角度来说,最为重要的是锡石—硫化物型和石英脉型。锡石—硫化物型主要集中在桂北、滇东等地,矽卡岩型集中分布在南岭中段湘南等矿集区、石英脉型则主要集中在华南地区的闽西、赣中、粤北、湘南等地;成矿时代以中生代最为重要;成矿大地构造背景以造山运动之后的大陆环境为主,构造变动剧烈,深大断裂纵横交错,岩浆活动频繁,特别是与锡成矿作用关系密切的中生代花岗岩类非常发育,最具特色。本次在对全国873处锡矿矿产地资料进行系统梳理的基础上,深入总结了全国锡矿的成矿规律,厘定出20个以锡为主或锡较为重要的矿床成矿系列,认为锡石—硫化物型、矽卡岩(—云英岩型)、石英脉型和岩体型4类锡矿类型,应该作为重点预测类型,并划分出44个成锡带,提出了19个重要工作部署区,并编制了中国成锡带图、中国锡矿成矿规律图等系列图件,为潜力评价预测工作提供了理论依据。     

A Preliminary Review of Metallogenic Regularity of Tin Deposits in China

China is rich in tin resources,and contains many types of tin deposits.Among the tin deposit types,the cassiterite-sulfide type,skarn type and quartz vein type occupy a large proportion of tin resources and reserves.From the aspect of exploitation and utilization,the most important types are cassiterite-sulfide type and quartz vein type.The cassiterite-sulfide type tin deposits are mainly located in Northern Guangxi and Eastern Yunnan,skarn type deposits are mainly distributed in the ore-concentration areas of South Hunan in Middle Nanling,and the quartz vein type tin deposits are mainly distributed in South China,such as Western Fujian,Middle Jiangxi,Northern Guangzhou and Southern Hunan.The most important metallogenic epoch for tin deposits is the Mesozoic era.The metallogenic geotectonic background is mainly continental environments after orogeny process,with strong tectonic changes,interlaced deep fracture and frequent magmatism.And the most distinctive feature is the well developed Mesozoic granites,which have a close relationship with tin mineralization.Based on the detailed study of the data from 873 tin deposits in China,this paper summarized the metallogenic regularity of tin deposits,classified 20 important metallogenic series of tin or tin-associated deposits,and inferred that the cassiterite-sulfide type,skarn type,quartz vein type and greisen type are the main prediction types of tin resources.Forty-four tin-mineralization belts were divided,among which,19 belts are the most important.In addition,a series of maps about tin metallogenic belts and tin metallogenic regularity were compiled,aiming to provide theoretical basis for potential estimation and prediction of tin mineral resources.     

A Preliminary Review of Metallogenic Regularity of Copper Deposits in China

Copper resources in China are rich, but imported copper products are still required. Researches on metallogenic regularity of major types of copper deposits by geologists have involved in worldwide classification, significant copper belts, representative copper deposits, etc. Studies on metallogenic regularity of copper deposits in China also have made achievements with a long-term work. Combined with latest exploration advances obtained in recent ten years, this review aims to conclude the achievements of researches on copper metallogenic regularity in China. Based on data of 814 copper deposits and other ore (mineralized) occurrences, ten prediction types of copper deposits have been suggested. Porphyry and skarn copper ores are taken as the key targets. Porphyry copper deposits are the most important one which concentrate in Gangdese, Changdu-Sanjiang, Dexing and East Tianshan. The Cenozoic and Mesozoic are the major metallogenic epochs. Four main metallogenic epochs are been studied based on the copper ore geochronological data including Precambrian Era (Archean and Proterozoic), Paleozoic Era, Mesozoic Era and Cenozoic Era. Based on the study of metallogenic series of ore deposits in China, twenty-seven metallogenic series of copper deposits are proposed. This is suggested to deepen the study of metallogenic regularity of copper ore and provide the theory guide for copper resources prediction in China.     

A Preliminary Review of the Metallogenic Regularity of Nickel Deposits in China

The nickel deposits mainly distributed in 19 provinces and autonomous regions in China are 339 ore deposits/occurrences, including 4 super large-scale deposits, 14 large-scale deposits, 26 middle-scale deposits, 75 small-scale deposits, and 220 mineralized occurrences. The prediction types of mineral resources of nickel deposits are magmatic type, marine sedimentary type and regolith type. The formation age is from the Neoarchean to the Cenozoic with two peaks in the Neoproterozoic and the late Paleozoic. The nickel deposits formed in the Neoproterozoic are located on the margin of the North China Block and Yangtze Block, and those formed in the late Paleozoic are mainly distributed in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), Emeishan and the Tarim Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs). Magmatic nickel deposits are mainly related with broken-up continental margin, post-collision extension of the orogenic belt and mantle plume. According to different tectonic backgrounds and main characteristics of magmatism, the Ni-Cu-Co-PGE metallogenic series types of ore deposits related with mantle-derived mafic-ultramafic rocks can be divided into 4 subtypes: (1) the Ni-Cu-Co-PGE metallogenic series subtype of ore deposits related with mantle-derived mafic-ultramafic rocks in the broken-up continental margin, (2) the Ni-Cu-Co-PGE metallogenic series subtype of ore deposits related with mantle-derived mafic-ultramafic rocks in mantle plume magmatism, (3) the Ni-Cu-Co-PGE metallogenic series subtype of ore deposits related with mantle-derived mafic-ultramafic rocks in the subduction of the orogenic belt, and (4) the Ni-Cu-Co-PGE metallogenic series subtype of ore deposits related with mantle-derived mafic-ultramafic rocks in post-collision extension of the orogenic belt. We have discussed in this paper the typical characteristics and metallogenic models for Neoproterozoic Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposits related with broken-up continental margin, Cambrian marine sedimentary Ni-Mo-V deposits related with black shale, early Permian Ni-Cu deposits related with post-collision extension of the orogenic belt, late Permian Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposits related with Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs), and Cenozoic Ni-Au deposits related with regolith. The broken-up continental margin, mantle plume and post-collision extension of the orogenic belt are important ore-forming geological backgrounds, and the discordogenic fault, mafic-ultramafic intrusion, high MgO primitive magma (high-MgO basaltic magma), deep magmatism, sulfur saturation and sulfide segregation are 6 important geological conditions for the magmatic nickel deposits.     

A Preliminary Review of Metallogenic Regularity of Gold Deposits in China

Gold is one of the most important mineral resources in China with its rich mineral resources. In recent years,significant progress has been made on the process of gold resource exploration. Some large and giant gold deposits were newly found and some important expansions in the main mining regions were also been completed. Studies on metallogenic regularity of gold deposits in China also have made achievements with a long–term work. This review aims to conclude the achievements of research on gold metallogenic regularity in China. Based on the data of about 2000 gold deposits and other ore(mineralized) occurrences,gold deposits in China were classified into five prediction types: gold deposits genetically related to granite–greenstone formation,gold deposits related to sedimentary formation(including the Carlin type and the metamorphosed clastic rock related vein gold deposit),gold deposits genetically related to volcanic rocks(including the continental and marine types),gold deposits genetically related to intrusions(including the porphyry type and the inner intrusion and contact zone related gold deposit),gold deposits of supergenesis(including fracture zone–altered rock gold deposit,placer gold deposit,gossan type gold deposit and soil type gold deposit). Statistics on precise chronology data of gold deposits indicate that there occurred 5 main periods of gold–mineralization in geological history of China. They were Neoarchean to Paleoproterozoic,Meso–Neoproterozoic,Paleozoic,Mesozoic,and Cenozoic. Gold deposits in China mainly formed in the Mesozoic and the Cenozoic. On the studies of the spatial–temporal distribution characteristics of gold deposits,53 gold–forming belts were delineated in China. The metallogenic regularity of gold deposits was preliminarily summarized and 71 gold metallogenic series were proposed in China. This suggests that it is necceary to deepen the study on metallogenic regularity of gold deposits and to provide the theory guide for the ore–prospecting for gold resources in China.     

秦岭中段印支期花岗质岩浆作用与造山过程

据新测得的41个样品的秦岭中段花岗质岩石锆石U-Pb同位素年龄数据,结合近期发表的秦岭花岗岩年代学和岩石成因的研究资料,将秦岭中段印支期花岗质岩浆作用分为早期(248～216Ma)、中期(215～201Ma)和晚期(200～195Ma)3个阶段。早期阶段形成于勉略洋闭合过程,发育于洋壳向北俯冲到浅表地壳碰撞过程;中期阶段形成于扬子克拉通北缘与华北克拉通南缘北秦岭岛弧杂岩的同碰撞到造山带垮塌过程;晚期阶段形成于碰撞后造山带拆沉作用。因此,秦岭中段印支期花岗质岩浆作用较为完整地记录了造山带的演化过程。     

西秦岭成矿带成矿系列、成矿规律与找矿方向

青海省西秦岭成矿带成矿条件优越, 成矿带内金、铜、汞、钨、锑、砷、石灰岩等矿产主要分布在青海南山—泽库Au-Ag-Cu-Pb-Zn-W-Sb-Fe-As-石墨-花岗岩-盐类-干热岩成矿亚带(IV-28-2)和苦海—作母沟Hg-Au-Pb-Zn-Sb-W-泥炭成矿亚带(IV-28-3)内。金属矿产空间展布上主要产出于构造活动强烈, 深大断裂活动、火山活动、中酸性岩浆侵入活动和沉积地层变形-变质改造较为普遍的地区。并呈现出区域集中、带状、近等距性分布的特点。研究区内34个矿种的成因类型以岩浆作用矿床和含矿流体作用矿床为主, 其次为沉积作用矿床, 成矿时代以三叠纪和第四纪为主, 石炭纪—三叠纪古特提斯洋演化阶段形成了以接触交代型、岩浆热液型金(银)、铜、铅锌、钨、砷, 浅成中-低温热液型金、锑、铜、铅锌、汞、砷为主的内生矿床, 以化学沉积型石灰岩为主的外生矿床。以区内地质构造演化与成矿时空分布特点为基础, 依据成矿系列理论, 共厘定出西秦岭成矿带成矿系列组3个, 矿床成矿系列9个, 矿床成矿亚系列12个, 矿床式13个。在成矿远景区的基础上进一步指出了区内的找矿方向。     

Outline of Metallogenic Regularity of Bauxite Deposits in China

Among the abundant aluminum ore resources in China, bauxite is dominated, which is mainly distributed in 19 provinces and regions, including Shanxi, Henan, Guizhou and Guangxi. The major deposit type of bauxite is paleo-weathering crust sedimentary type, and the other one is the accumulation type. The main metallogenic period is the late Paleozoic Era followed by the Cenozoic Era. The metallogenic tectonic background is characterized by a cratonic environment. This paper summarizes the bauxite metallogenic regularity based on the characteristics of bauxite resources, bauxite deposit type, bauxite metallogenic belt and metallogenic series in China, and 15 bauxite metallogenic belts, 8 bauxite metallogenic series and 7 bauxite ore concentrated areas were identified in the study. This paper also provides a theoretical basis for the evaluation of the potential of bauxite resources.     

新疆石墨资源特征及成矿规律

石墨是高新技术产业发展中不可或缺的重要战略资源。我国石墨资源虽然储量丰富,但主要集中分布于东部地区。近年来,新疆新发现黄羊山、孔可热、达布逊、吐尔库里等一批大型石墨矿床,查明资源量超过1亿吨,使新疆一跃成为我国石墨大省,有望改变我国石墨资源分布格局。根据矿床成因特征,新疆石墨矿床可以划分为以下3种类型:(1)区域变质型,主要分布于古老地块周缘元古代深变质岩系中,成矿时代集中于新元古代和早古生代;(2)接触变质型,主要分布于东准噶尔古生代造山带中,含矿岩系为泥盆-石炭纪碎屑岩,成矿时代主要为晚石炭世-早二叠世;(3)岩浆热液型,赋矿围岩为海西期(320~270Ma)碱长花岗岩,成矿时代与岩浆侵入时代一致。根据石墨矿床成因类型、控矿因素及典型矿床特征,将新疆石墨成矿区划分为2个成矿区带,6个成矿亚带,为今后新疆石墨找矿提供理论依据。     

河西走廊成矿带区域成矿规律及找矿方向

河西走廊成矿带是分布于祁连地区最北部的Ⅲ级成矿单元(全国统一编号为Ⅲ-20), 目前共有235处矿产地, 形成了石油、煤、凹凸棒石黏土、萤石、石膏、芒硝、石灰岩、天然石英砂、铁、铜、金、钨等40余种矿产。该成矿带以沉积成矿作用为主, 其次为流体、岩浆、变质和表生成矿作用, 可分为11种矿床类型, 主要成矿期为华力西期、加里东期、燕山期和喜马拉雅期。河西走廊成矿带可进一步划分为2个成矿亚带, 分别为玉门—民乐成矿亚带和山丹—中卫—泾源成矿亚带。根据构造空间、成矿时间、成矿作用和矿种等四要素的耦合关系, 河西走廊成矿带厘定了10个矿床成矿系列, 包括4个沉积作用有关矿床成矿系列、3个流体作用有关矿床成矿系列、1个岩浆作用有关矿床成矿系列、1个变质作用有关矿床成矿系列和1个表生作用有关矿床成矿系列。通过细分成矿时段和细化成矿地质作用, 进一步解析出16个矿床成矿亚系列, 并建立了47个矿床式。根据区内地质、矿产、物探、化探和遥感信息, 河西走廊成矿带共圈出5个综合预测区, 为下一步找矿工作指出了方向。     

A Preliminary Review of Metallogenic Regularity of Molybdenum Deposits in China

Molybdenum is one of the dominant minerals in China because of its rich reserves.In recent years,outstanding breakthroughs have been made in molybdenum prospecting in China,and the distribution of molybdenum deposits in China is found to have a "planar pattern".In general,the molybdenum deposits are concentrated in eastern China,including the largest molybdenum reserves of Henan Province.In terms of the scale of molybdenum deposits,the identified resources of the superlarge deposits are the most important,which account for about 53% of the whole country,and those of the large deposits account for about 30%,those of the medium-sized deposits account for about 14%,those of the small-sized deposits,mine spots and mineralization account for about 3%.The molybdenum deposits are mainly classified as porphyry type,skarn type,hydrothermal(vein) type and sedimentary(metamorphic) type in genesis,and the identified resources of these types account for 85.75%,8.83%,2.79%and 2.63% of the total resources respectively.Based on the statistics of precise chronology data of molybdenites Re-Os,Mo-mineralization can be divided into 6 periods in Chinese geological history,which are Precambrian(800 Ma),Cambrian-Silurian(540-415 Ma,Caledonian),Devonian-Permian(400-290 Ma,Hecynian),Triassic(260-200 Ma,Indosinian),Jurassic-Cretaceous(195-70 Ma,Yanshanian) and Paleogene-Neogene(65-10 Ma,Himalayan).Mo mineralization during the Yanshanian period is the strongest one,in which about 76.69% of the Chinese total identified resources was formed.The second is the Himalayan period.According to spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of molybdenum deposits,the metallogenic regularity of molybdenum deposits was preliminarily summarized,and 41 level-Ⅲ molybdenum-forming belts,13 level-Ⅱ molybdenum-forming provinces and 4 level-Ⅰ molybdenum-forming domains were ascertained in the mainland of China.There are 39 metallogenic series of and 60 sub-series of molybdenum deposits with molybdenum as the dominant metal and corresponding representative molybdenum deposits proposed.Metallogenic lineages of molybdenum deposits were also established.Spatial-temporal evolution of different types of molybdenum deposits,and the relationship between Mo-mineralization and tectonic evolution have been discussed in this paper.On this basis,the authors think that element Mo is an effective tracer for recording the crustal evolution history of China.At present,there are some problems in the exploration of Mo deposits in China,such as uneven exploration degrees in eastern and western China,shallow exploration depth,low and uneven grade,complex associated components,difficulty of mineral development and utilization,increasing costs of prospecting,and so on.According to successful experience of superficial and deep prospecting and considering also the discussion above,some suggestions are proposed for the prospecting of molybdenum deposits in the future.     

华南地区钦杭成矿带地质特征和矿床时空分布规律

钦杭成矿带位于华南板内,尽管是扬子与华夏古陆在新元古代拼接部位,但绝大多数矿床形成于中晚侏罗世至白垩纪.本文在梳理前人工作成果的基础上,将钦杭带及旁侧矿床归纳为两个成矿系列和三个成矿亚系列,即:新元古代海底喷流沉积型铜锌矿床成矿系列和燕山期与花岗岩有关的钨锡铜铅锌多金属矿床成矿系列,后者可以进一步分为中晚侏罗世斑岩-矽...     

Mineralization during Collisional Orogenesis and Its Control of the Distribution of Gold and Other Deposits in the Junggar Orogen, Xinjiang, China

The Junggar orogen, Xinjiang, China, is an important part of the Ural-Mongolian orogen.The collisional orogenesis in this region occurred primarily in the Carboniferous and Permianwith an evolutional process of early compression and late extension. Mineralization of gold andother metals in the Junggar orogen occurred mainly in the Permian and in a few cases in theLate Carboniferous. The deposits are largely distributed in areas where collisional orogenesiswas intensive and formed in a transitional stage from compression to extension. Therefore, goldmineralization in the Junggar orogen is fully consistent with the collisional orogenesis in time,space and geodynamic setting. This indicates that the mineral deposit model of collisionalorogenesis is applicable to prospecting and study of ore deposits in the Junggar orogen.Furthermore, the factual distribution of gold and other deposits in this region is just the same asthe collisional orogenic model presents.     

Review of the Metallogenic Regularity of Magnesite Deposits in China

China has abundant reserves of magnesite, making it the world’s leading source of this strategic mineral. Sparry magnesite is the main type of magnesite deposit, and is easy to exploit. It occurs mainly as the sedimentary-metamorphic type. Production is centred on eastern Liaoning Province, where a world-class large to super large magnesite ore processing and production facility has been developed. Hydrothermal metasomatic deposits, associated with ultramafic complexes and eluvial deposits produced by weathering, are two other important types found in China. The Western section of the Bangonghu-Nujiang metallogenic belt is an important target region for prospecting lake-sedimentary magnesite deposits. Based on a systematic analysis of material from 62 magnesite production areas, this study investigated the metallogeny of magnesite and delineated 13 magnesite metallogenic belts. Maps were produced showing metallogenic regularities in magnesite deposits, the metallogenic system of the magnesite deposits, and the distribution of the metallogenic belts of Chinese magnesite deposits. It provides a theoretical basis for forecasting the location of potential magnesite resources in China. Finally, it explores some key scientific issues, including the formation processes of ultra magnesite ore-concentrated areas, and their sources of magnesium.     

西秦岭成矿带矿床成矿系列概论

对西秦岭成矿带总结了11个矿床成矿系列：①早古生代沉积作用有关钼-钒-锰-磷-石煤-石灰岩矿床成矿系列。②晚古生代沉积作用有关铅-锌-铁-磷-石灰岩-白云岩-石膏-煤-黏土-砚石矿床成矿系列。③晚古生代岩浆作用有关铜-铅-锌-锡-铬-饰面超基性岩矿床成矿系列。④中生代沉积作用有关白云岩-石灰岩-煤-油页岩矿床成矿系列。⑤中生代变质作用有关大理岩-红柱石-饰面角岩矿床成矿系列。⑥中生代岩浆作用有关铁-铜-铅-锌-金-银-钼-钨-锡-锑-砷-饰面花岗岩矿床成矿系列。⑦中生代流体作用有关铁-铜-铅-锌-金-锑-汞-硫矿床成矿系列。⑧中生代晚期-新生代早期流体作用有关金-铀矿床成矿系列。⑨新生代沉积作用有关砂金-砂钨-黄土-石膏-盐-泥炭矿床成矿系列。⑩新生代表生作用有关铁-铅-锌矿床成矿系列。B11新生代流体作用有关地下水-矿泉水-地热水矿床成矿系列。     

南秦岭柞山地区铜矿成矿类型、成矿规律及找矿预测

[摘 要]南秦岭柞山地区位于陕西省东南部,其西起柞水县,东到山阳县,面积约3000km²。其地处南秦岭海西-印支褶皱带东段,主体夹持于商丹缝合带与凤镇-山阳大断裂之间。作者总结了区域成矿地质背景,对热卤水喷流沉积型铜(银铅)矿、沉积-改造层控型铜矿、热液脉型铜(镍)矿、矽卡岩型铜(铁)矿、震裂岩型铜矿、斑岩型铜(钼、金)矿等6 种铜矿成矿类型的特征进行了探讨,在此基础上阐述了柞山地区铜矿的成矿规律,指出热水喷流型铜矿、斑岩型铜矿、沉积-改造层控型铜矿最具找矿潜力。目前已知的矿床(点)均受具导浆、导热、导流、导矿功能的区域性凤镇-山阳大断裂控制,并沿其两侧展布。未来一段时期,柞山地区铜矿找矿主攻类型为热水喷流型铜矿、斑岩型铜矿、沉积-改造层控型铜矿。找矿靶区首推柞水县银洞子矿床深部、山阳县池沟铜矿点、柞水县冷水沟铜矿点,次为柞水县张家坪铜矿点、山阳县色河铺铜矿点。通过进一步勘查有望取得铜矿找矿的重大突破。