唐山市海岛沙滩受损海岸整治修复方案探讨

砂质海滩对于海岛旅游及可持续发展具有不可估量的价值,伴随着沿海开发进程的推进,海岛砂质海滩的稳定性逐渐受到考验,与其相关的海滩侵蚀问题日益凸显。文章通过对唐山市沿海一线海岛沙滩的踏勘,结合卫星影像资料,分析了2010—2016年唐山海岛沙滩的长度、面积变化,结果表明受陆域来沙减弱及海洋动力诸如风暴潮的作用及人工构筑物(虾池)等原因,唐山海岛沙滩长度、面积每年在以较快的速度不断缩减。同时,以唐山湾三岛(祥云岛、菩提岛、月岛)为例,提出了对三岛及周边环境进行综合整治修复相应的方案,包括退养还滩、沙滩整治修复、防浪促淤工程、生态廊道构建等工程,以期为当地决策者提供可行的建议。     

吕宋海峡M2内潮生成与传播数值模拟研究

本文在z坐标海洋数值模式HAMSOM中引入了内潮黏性项(Internal-tide viscosity term),将之运用到吕宋海峡M2内潮的生成与传播过程的数值模拟研究。研究结果表明:(1)在250 m以浅,吕宋海峡产生的M2内潮振幅于温跃层处最大,岛坡附近的内潮明显强于别处,且最大振幅可达到40 m左右;(2)M2内潮的生成源主要集中在伊特巴亚岛西北、巴丹岛西南以及巴布延群岛西北的岛坡;(3)海峡产生的M2内潮向东西2个方向传播。巴丹岛以西的西向能量在吕宋海沟斜向下传播,在到达恒春海脊附近发生反射返回海面,到达海面后再次反射回海底,在此过程中,有高模态的内潮被激发,不同模态间有相消干涉的现象产生。西传的内潮能量分为2支进入南海,产生于巴布延群岛西北的能量分支直接向西南折转进入南海海盆,而产生于伊特巴亚岛和巴丹岛岛坡附近的主要能量则以束状向南海陆架传播,在到达118°E后部分能量折向西南的海盆,其余的能量则沿西北方向传入中国近岸,陆架陆坡地形起着重要的耗散作用。伊特巴亚岛西北有最大的能量产生,向东北传入太平洋。在122°E以东,能量主要以束状向东南传入太平洋。     

台风“巴威”对威海楮岛沙滩的侵蚀研究

为进一步探究台风作用下滨海沙滩滩面变化过程,揭示台风过程对滨海沙滩的影响,本文通过分析楮岛沙滩台风影响前后9个剖面的高程测量数据以及采集的滩面沉积物样本,对比研究台风前后海滩剖面冲淤特征和滩面沉积物粒径变化,探讨台风“巴威”对楮岛沙滩影响。结果表明：在台风“巴威”影响下楮岛沙滩表现出中间淤积、两边侵蚀的特征,由于沙滩西南侧滩肩宽、坡度缓等特点,侵蚀程度明显弱于沙滩东北侧。在台风浪的冲击之下,沙滩状态朝更消散的方向发展,滩面沉积物粒径变粗、分选性变差。     

青岛市无居民海岛旅游开发适宜性分级评价

文章在对青岛市27个面积大于500m2功能定位为旅游娱乐用岛的无居民海岛野外调查的基础上,综合资源和环境等特征,采用AHP和Delphi评估方法,构建了无居民海岛旅游开发适宜性评估模型,确定了无居民海岛旅游开发适宜性分级。研究结果表明:小青岛、小麦岛、驴岛等6个无居民海岛属于非常适宜开发;马龙岛、里连岛、即墨牛岛等9个无居民海岛属于较适宜开发;试刀石,高沙顶、涨岛等12个无居民海岛属于适宜开发。最后提出了无居民海岛开发利用建议,为青岛市无居民海岛旅游开发提供科学依据。     

吕宋海峡M2内潮生成与传播数值模拟研究

本文在z坐标海洋数值模式HAMSOM中引入了内潮黏性项(Interhal-tide viscosity term),将之运用到吕宋海峡M2内潮的生成与传播过程的数值模拟研究.研究结果表明:(1)在250 m以浅,吕宋海峡产生的M2内潮振幅于温跃层处最大,岛坡附近的内潮明显强于别处,且最大振幅可达到40 m左右;(2)M2内潮的生成源主要集中在伊特巴亚岛西北、巴丹岛西南以及巴布延群岛西北的岛坡;(3)海峡产生的M2内潮向东西2个方向传播.巴丹岛以西的西向能量在吕宋海沟斜向下传播,在到达恒春海脊附近发生反射返回海面,到达海面后再次反射回海底,在此过程中,有高模态的内潮被激发,不同模态间有相消干涉的现象产生.西传的内潮能量分为2支进入南海,产生于巴布延群岛西北的能量分支直接向西南折转进入南海海盆,而产生于伊特巴亚岛和巴丹岛岛坡附近的主要能量则以束状向南海陆架传播,在到达118°E后部分能量折向西南的海盆,其余的能量则沿西北方向传入中国近岸,陆架陆坡地形起着重要的耗散作用.伊特巴亚岛西北有最大的能量产生,向东北传入太平洋.在122°E以东,能量主要以束状向东南传入太平洋.     

浅谈金山区国家级海洋公园建设设想

文章解读国家海洋公园的概念及建区条件,阐述国内外海洋公园建设现状,结合金山区现有资源,探讨在金山区建立海洋公园的设想,并提出金山区在创建海洋公园过程中的挑战及对策,得出以下结论:在金山建立国家级海洋公园可以合理开发利用金山三岛海洋生态自然保护区,并发挥城市沙滩等滨海旅游资源效用,达到集国民科普教育和休闲娱乐为一体、带动经济发展的目的;建立金山区国家级海洋公园,要建立健全海洋公园管理体系,增强国民保护生态资源意识,加大管理机构管理力度,使其发挥应有作用。     

山东省滨海沙滩现状调查

为了揭示山东滨海沙滩现状,为合理开发、利用和保护沙滩资源提供科学依据,项目组与2019年6月—8月,通过现场观测沙滩现状,收集沙滩的生态环境和其开发状态的资料,利用RTK-GPS高程仪获取沙丘-海滩剖面数据,并结合卫星遥感资料调查分析可知：滨海沙滩总个数为148个,沙滩岸线总长度约335 km,主要分布在烟台、威海、青岛和日照。74%的沙滩受人工干预,干预的方式主要以旅游型开发和渔业性开发为主,其中旅游型开发占比61.5%,渔业性开发占比35.6%。26%的沙滩保持自然状态,主要分布在乡村。在现场调查中发现,沙滩侵蚀较严重的大多为自然形态的沙滩渔业性开发的沙滩。多数沙滩的沙丘以及植被带上已经被建起养殖厂房、度假场所、娱乐设施及抛石护岸等,建筑垃圾、生活垃圾、养殖垃圾、微塑料垃圾等在滩面上屡见不鲜。结合数据及现场调查结果来看,山东省多数滨海沙滩已经处于开发状态,但是由于缺乏科学合理的规划,滨海沙滩的平衡系统已经受到严重威胁,沙滩面临消失的危险,严重影响了滨海沙滩的持续利用与发展。     

楮岛沙滩不同时间尺度变化特征与波能流密度相关性探讨

在波浪和水流的作用下,泥沙在不同时间尺度下的运动会引起沙滩的冲淤演变,对海岸资源有重要的影响。因此,了解沙滩季节性演变规律,并采取针对性的防护措施,是近岸沙滩亟须解决的问题。目前,现场观测是研究沙滩剖面冲淤演变的重要方法,通过沉积物组成、岸滩坡度及波浪动力的时空变化,了解沙滩剖面的变化特性,对于沙滩管理和海岸保护具有十分重要的意义。基于2017年9月—2019年11月在荣成楮岛南岸沙滩每个月采集一次的剖面数据,以及波浪动力数据,分别探究了沙滩在不同时间尺度下的变化特征,并对沙滩变化特征与波浪动力因素的相关性进行了探讨。研究发现：楮岛南岸沙滩形态变化具有较强的季节性特征,春季沙滩比较稳定;夏季沙滩受台风影响侵蚀严重,但在风暴过后的短时间内,沙滩泥沙恢复较快;冬季沙滩恢复速度逐渐减缓并趋于稳定。在夏季和冬季期间,波能流密度的向岸分量对楮岛南沙滩的演变产生重要作用,而且波能流密度向岸分量的均值（选取数据采集前15 d的波浪条件参与计算）与沙滩体积的相关性最好,并给出了两者的线性拟合公式。     

淤泥质海岸人造沙滩工程评估:以启东碧海银沙沙滩为例

启东碧海银沙沙滩位于长江入海口北支口北侧启东嘴附近,是典型的粉砂淤泥质海岸,受长江江流、海水风暴潮和潮流等影响,海岸地质背景较为复杂,以海陆交互作用的潮间带和水下三角洲地貌为主,本身地质条件并不适合作为沙滩旅游项目的开发.自2011年起,恒大集团在这里使用泥岸人造沙滩技术,通过围堤筑坝、滤沙净水,成功建成了围海7.23...     

殖民者留下的历史印记——所罗门群岛外来地理名称的由来

所罗门群岛共和国是大洋洲上于1978年才宣告独立的年轻岛国,位于全世界最大的海一茫茫的珊瑚海以北与澳大利亚隔海遥望。它由10个主要岛群、900多个岩岛和环礁组成,宛如一条翠绿的链条长达1400余公里,呈东南一西北向延伸在一碧无垠的西南太平洋海面上。气象万千的所罗门群岛景色美丽悦目,白色的沙滩、多彩的环礁、平静如镜的     

Model of the post-Cenozoic evolution of the cryolithozone of the shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea

The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level.     

Investigation of the mechanism of the long-term evolution of the carbon cycle in the ecosystem of the Sevastopol bay

We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability.     

Contemporary state of the investigation of the influence of the discharge of rivers on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea

We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic regime of the sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Modelling of the ecosystem of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube

We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the shelf zone and open sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Dynamics of the ice cover and peculiarities of the ice transportation of the sediments at the tidal flats of the Kandalaksha Gulf of the White Sea

Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m³ from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m³ on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area.     

Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east

A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state.     

Variability of the nutrient runoff of the rivers of the Arctic Basin

The spatiotemporal variability of the hydrochemical composition of the riverine runoff in nearmouth areas is presented using the example of selected rivers of the Arctic Basin. The temporal dynamics of the riverine nutrient runoff are mainly determined by the seasonal and interseasonal variations in the drainage basins. The spatial variations in the chemical composition of riverine waters in the near-mouth areas are mainly caused by the dynamics of the water flow and the river bed relief and, to a lesser degree, by biochemical processes. It is shown that the variations in the nutrient composition of the waters in near-mouth areas are comparable in magnitude to those at the river-sea geochemical barriers.     

Parameters of the sediments of the deep-water basin of the Black Sea

The methodology and the first results of the computations of the volumes, masses, and growth rates of the sedimentary body of the buried Black Sea basin are presented. Their temporal evolution reflects the regional paleogeodynamics, in particular, the reorientation of the vector of the relative movement of the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates and the related intensification of their collision in the late Miocene-Pliocene.     

Modelling of the ecosystem on the shelf of the Republic of Guinea

Three mathematical models are considered: a two-dimensional model for calculating the concentration fields of the ecosystem components on the shelf of the Republic of Guinea, a pointwise model for the annual variation of the components, and a two predators-prey model. These models are used to study the effect of hydrodynamic conditions on the state of the shelf ecosystem and for research into the causes which distort the balance between marketable and unmarketable fish.Translated by Mikhail M. Trufanov.     

Evolution of the slope of the buried depression of the Black Sea

The first data on the temporal evolution of the slope of the buried depression of the Black Sea are obtained. The sharp change in the rate of the decrease in the slope steepness that occurred in the Late Miocene-Pliocene time reflects a reorientation of the vector of mutual movement and a related intensification of the collision between the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates.