近断层地震动作用下输电塔-导线体系反应分析

首先在考虑了导线的几何非线性基础上,建立了输电塔-导线体系的简化空间有限元分析模型.其次对体系按纵向和侧向分别进行了自振特性分析.最后在近断层地震动、人造波和El Centro波作用下,利用非线性时程分析法研究了体系的地震反应特性.文中给出的输电塔的计算结果表明：（1）导线明显增加了输电塔的纵向基本自振周期,而对侧向振动周期几乎没有影响;（2）近断层地震动和其它地震动作用相比,输电塔的反应相差不大;（3）近断层地震动显著增大了导线的位移反应,尤其是侧向;（4）导线对体系纵向地震反应影响较大,对侧向地震反应影响较小.     

内磁层电流体系的地磁效应

对Ⅱ区场向电流及其伴随的部分环电流和电离层电流组成的内磁层三维电流体系（PRFI电流系）的磁场效应进行了数值计算.这一三维电流体系在中低纬度地面产生的磁场呈现出特殊的纬度分布:X分量几乎不随纬度变化,Y分量随纬度增高近似呈线性变化.这些特征明显不同于对称环电流的磁场分布特征（X∝ cosφ,φ是纬度,Y=0）,也不同于DP2、S_q、L等电流体系的磁场分布特征.利用这一特征我们可以从地磁台子午链观测到的磁场扰动中分离出PRFI电流系的贡献.用1989年3月磁暴的实例检验了上述模型,观测结果与理论结果符合得很好.分析结果还表明,最大的D_st指数并不一定对应着最强的对称环电流.     

多层垂直对称轴横向各向同性介质精确走时计算

给出了计算多层垂直对称轴横向各向同性（VTI）介质精确射线路径和走时的方法,所用的体波相速度公式、群速度公式和Snell定律都是严格的显式解析公式. 任意基本波的射线路径和走时计算问题都可以转化成一个等效的透射问题,再用文中的公式来计算,具体实现方法用一个多次波和一个首波的实例给出. 最后分别用精确公式和Thomsen近似公式计算了相同模型相同基本波的走时曲线. 比较两者计算结果可发现, 近似公式反复使用会使误差积累,同时揭示了近似公式适用范围的局限性,强调了使用近似公式需要注意其适用范围的重要性.      

含水溶洞的地面核磁共振响应数值模拟研究

针对目前水平层状含水层的地面核磁共振响应特征已研究的比较透彻,而含水溶洞的响应特征却鲜有涉及的现状,本文给出含水溶洞地面核磁共振响应的计算方法.在文中,作者使用华军对双重Bessel函数无限积分的计算方法,实现了大回线源激发磁场的快速计算.再通过对地面核磁共振正演公式的离散化,实现了三维结构含水体的地面核磁共振正演计算...     

用传输函数构建的大气重力波传播理论模式

本文根据考虑大气热传导和黏滞的重力波复色散关系,采用传输函数的概念,基于重力波的线性理论,构建了用于研究对流层内重力波激发源与电离层响应之间的传输函数数值模式.在相空间中讨论了传输函数振幅的分布特性,并以地面单位脉冲源为例,分析了从地面到300 km高空的响应,得到了物理量的时空分布特征.结果表明：（1）对内重力波的传播而言,大气相当于一个滤波器,只有波动周期在15～30 min,水平波长在200～450 km之间的重力波扰动才最容易到达300 km电离层高度;（2）电离层的响应主要在与地面的激发源之间相隔较远的水平距离上发生;（3）黏滞和热传导系数在低层对上传重力波的影响较小,随着高度的增加它们对重力波的影响越来越大;（4）在低层计算的波动频率与Row理论的计算结果比较一致,然而到了高层却相差较大.     

导线对电瓷型电气设备地震反应的影响

本文利用杆单元大变形有限元方法,探讨了导线对电瓷型电气设备抗震性能的影响,以及通过导线相连的电气设备之间的相互作用。计算分析结果表明：导线会加大设备的应变反应;导线的跨度不同,其对设备动力反应的影响也不同,导线跨度越小,其影响程度越小;导线在振动过程中,内部不但有拉应力,而且存在压应力;导线两端设备相同与不同时,导线对设备动力反应影响程度不同,对频率较高的设备而言,2种情况影响程度差异不大,而对频率较低的设备来讲,2种情况影响程度差异较大。     

基于二级近似离散复镜像法的低频电磁格林函数计算

本文讨论了利用二级近似离散复镜像法实现低频格林函数快速、精确的计算.通过数值分析,给出了在低频电磁场计算中该方法近似参数的选取原则.(1)二级近似的积分区间里谱格林函数采样个数N为十倍的近似多项式的个数M;(2)总的积分区间L2大小约为40/r,r为收发距离;(3)两个积分区间的分界值L1为总的积分区间大小L2与第二个...     

区分地磁局部异常的源场理论

本文根据在柱座标系中近地面空间磁场解的普遍形式,建立了区分地磁局部异常源场理论的基本公式。与已有的工作比较主要不同点是: （1）与普拉爱斯等人的结论相反,从理论上普遍地证明了:不可能直接由水平面内单一分量的观测结果,区分垂直分量的内外源场; （2）证明了全部源场区分的理论公式是收敛和唯一的,保证了理论结果的完整性; （3）普拉爱斯和韦弗的理论方法对于三维和二维问题,必须分别独立地建立,而本文所建立的源场区分的基本公式,对于二维问题同样适用,可由此直接过渡到二维场的结果; （4）给出了一种由单一水平分量观测结果,区分垂直分量源场的间接近似方法。这在实际应用中是重要的。     

偶极子假设引起的大回线源瞬变电磁响应偏差分析

偶极子假设下的场点近似解与场点的瞬变电磁精确解存在一定的误差,文中对偶极子假设引起的误差进行了探索性研究.首先分析了由恒定电流偶极子公式“比拟”出的谐变偶极子位函数解.分别计算了静态场中磁偶极子和电偶极子的近似解与各自对应的未做偶极子假设的电流环和载流导线的精确解之间的误差值,然后分析了谐变偶极子微元与点电荷微元的误差...     

直流输电线路对航磁测量的影响及ΔT磁场计算

500千伏直流输电线路产生的航磁异常强度在500 nT左右,宽度500 m左右,严重地影响了输电线路经过区域的高精度航磁测量结果.本文介绍了2008年在输电线路区域进行的高精度航磁测量结果,使用新推导的直流导线磁场简化计算公式,模拟计算了导线磁场.通过对比理论计算与空中、野外地面查证结果,证实线性异常条带是直流输电线路...     

Transient electromagnetic modelling of an isolated wire loop over a conductive medium

A large closed wire loop is generally used in field experiments for testing airborne electrical exploration equipment. Thus, methods are required for the precise calculation of an electromagnetic response in the presence of a closed wire loop. We develop a fast and precise scheme for calculating the transient response for such a closed loop laid out at the surface of a horizontally layered conductive ground. Our scheme is based on the relationship between the magnetic flux flowing through a closed loop and the current induced in it. The developed scheme is compared with 2D and 3D finite‐element modelling for several positions of an airborne electromagnetic system flying over a closed loop. We also study the coupling effect between the current flowing in the closed loop and the current flowing in the horizontally layered conductive medium. The result shows that for the central position of the transmitter, the difference between axisymmetrical finite‐element modelling and our scheme is less than 1%. Moreover, for the non‐coaxial transmitter–receiver–loop system, the solution obtained by our scheme is in good agreement with full 3D finite‐element modelling, and our total simulation time is substantially lower: 1 minute versus 120 hours.     

The potential of a noise-reducing antenna for surface NMR groundwater surveys in the earth's magnetic field1

A method of non-invasive NMR in the earth's field has been developed and is now used for groundwater surveys to depths of investigation of 100 m or more. A circular wire loop of diameter 100 m, laid out on the ground, is employed to excite and receive the NMR signal in the earth's field. However, in areas with high electromagnetic noise, the NMR measurements may be inaccurate. To overcome this problem, a noise-reducing figure-of-eight-shaped antenna, consisting of two touching coils each of diameter 50 m, has been utilized. Using this antenna, the NMR signal has been calculated for different depths of water-saturated layers with various inclinations of the geomagnetic field. The model calculations and experimental data have been compared and found to be mutually consistent. The two-coil antenna is shown to be suitable for studies at depths of up to 30–40 m, which is of practical importance for engineering geology.     

低阻区利用地回路标定航空TEM系统的理论研究

本文针对吊舱式航空TEM系统,建立了基于地回路的系统参数标定模型,并分别计算了自由空间模型响应(TLR)、均匀大地模型响应(TER)、地回路与大地耦合模型响应(TELR和TLER).由于TER响应表现为幅度沿测线不变,据此提出通过增加拟合参数的方法实现系统标定,消除了TER响应对标定的影响.TELR和TLER早期响应具...     

EFFICIENT COMPUTATION OF TRANSIENT SOUNDING CURVES FOR WIRE SEGMENTS OF FINITE LENGTH USING AN EQUIVALENT DIPOLE APPROXIMATION1

Calculations of emf induced in a vertical axis coil by a current step in a straight wire segment of finite length were carried out using an equivalent dipole placed along the source wire. An approximation is valid for homogeneous and layered earth models. The location of the equivalent dipole is calculated by forcing the early- and late-time asymptotes of the transient sounding curve of the equivalent dipole to match those of the finite wire. This approximation works because the early-time asymptote of the emf depends on the component of the receiver position which is parallel to the wire while the late-time asymptote does not. Analytical integration of the early-time asymptote yields an expression for the equivalent dipole location in closed form. The coil can be placed anywhere in the vicinity of the finite wire. Square or rectangular loop sources can be simulated by one or more finite wire segments depending on the source-receiver geometry. The equivalent radius calculated for central loop soundings agrees well with the value derived using a circular loop with the same area as the square loop. Results show that acceptable sounding curves can be generated by the equivalent dipole for coils placed as close as 0.5 source lengths from the finite wire segment. Higher accuracy can be obtained by splitting the finite wire into two or more subsegments. Results for layered models are slightly better than homogeneous earth models when the resistivity increases with depth and slightly worse for models with resistivity decreasing with depth. Approximate calculations are about 10 times less expensive than exact calculations depending on the method used for the numerical integration.     

地震观测台站接地及其降阻措施

对地震台站接地装置进行了分析和研究,重点探讨了台站接地电阻偏高的问题,提出了解决措施。     

Magnetic resonance sounding applied to aquifer characterization

Magnetic resonance sounding (MRS) is distinguished from other geophysical tools used for ground water investigation by the fact that it measures a magnetic resonance signal generated directly from subsurface water molecules. An alternating current pulse energizes a wire loop on the ground surface and the MRS signal is generated; subsurface water is indicated, with a high degree of reliability, by nonzero amplitude readings. Measurements with varied pulse magnitudes then reveal the depth and thickness of water saturated layers. The hydraulic conductivity of aquifers can also be estimated using boreholes for calibration. MRS can be used for both predicting the yield of water supply wells and for interpolation between boreholes, thereby reducing the number of holes required for hydrogeological modeling. An example of the practical application of MRS combined with two-dimensional electrical imaging, in the Kerbernez and Kerien catchments area of France, demonstrates the efficiency of the technique.     

穿云飞机电磁噪声的实验分析

利用高灵敏度和高时空精度的三维雷电观测系统LMA(Lightning Mapping Array)分析穿云飞机的观测资料,发现这一系统在地面可探测到穿云飞机产生的60～66MHz带宽内的电磁辐射,其强度在1W～10kW之间,甚至更高,且与所探测到的辐射源数成线性反比,辐射是由飞机上的尖端放电产生的. 穿云飞机在10～12km高度上产生的辐射最强,且在靠近发生闪电的对流区比远离这一区域强. 飞机穿过不同云系时,辐射强度不同,其中穿过层状云系时,辐射最弱.     

基于PCA-RBF神经网络的航空飞行几何参数拟合

采用地面异常线圈对直升机时域航空电磁探测系统进行标定时,发射-接收线圈姿态的变化将导致实测数据产生误差,影响标定的精度.本文基于时间域航空电磁系统,计算了发射-接收线圈姿态任意变化时异常线圈的电磁响应,提出了主成分分析-径向基神经网络(PCA-RBF)的拟合算法,采用主成分分析法提取飞行几何参数的贡献率,利用径向基神经网络法对电磁响应进行了测线剖面的批量数据拟合,并对理论仿真和河南桐柏直升机飞行试验数据进行拟合分析,单一异常体理论数据的绝对误差平均值小于20nV·m-2,双异常体理论数据绝对误差平均值为160nV·m-2.野外实测数据在异常线圈中心位置的拟合相对误差小于1%,整条剖面测线的拟合相对误差小于±6%,平均值为2.5%.结果表明PCA-RBF拟合算法能够较好地实现航空电磁系统飞行参数的拟合,为航空电磁系统海量实测数据的快速处理提供了新方法.     

Fast-decaying IP in frozen unconsolidated rocks and potentialities for its use in permafrost-related TEM studies

We investigate the early time induced polarization (IP) phenomenon in frozen unconsolidated rocks and its association with transient electromagnetic (TEM) signals measured in northern regions. The distinguishing feature of these signals is the distortion of the monotony or sign reversals in the time range from a few tens to a few hundreds of microseconds. In simulating TEM data, the IP effects in frozen ground were attributed to the dielectric relaxation phenomenon rather than to the frequency‐dependent conductivity. This enabled us to use laboratory experimental data available in the literature on dielectric spectroscopy of frozen rocks. In our studies we focused on simulating the transient response of a coincident‐loop configuration in three simple models: (i) a homogeneous frozen earth (half‐space); (ii) a two‐layered earth with the upper layer frozen; (iii) a two‐layered earth with the upper layer unfrozen. The conductivities of both frozen and unfrozen ground were assumed to exhibit no frequency dispersion, whereas the dielectric permittivity of frozen ground was assumed to be described by the Debye model. To simplify the presentation and the comparison analysis of the synthetic data, the TEM response of a frozen polarizable earth was normalized to that of a non‐polarizable earth having the same structure and resistivities as the polarizable earth. The effect of the dielectric relaxation on a TEM signal is marked by a clearly defined minimum. Its time coordinate t_min is approximately three times larger than the dielectric relaxation time constant τ. This suggests the use of t_min for direct estimation of τ, which, in turn, is closely associated with the temperature of frozen unconsolidated rock. The ordinate of the minimum is directly proportional to the static dielectric permittivity of frozen earth. Increasing the resistivity of a frozen earth and/or decreasing the loop size results in a progressively stronger effect of the dielectric relaxation on the TEM signal. In the case of unfrozen earth, seasonal freezing is not likely to have an appreciable effect on the TEM signal. However, for the frozen earth, seasonal thawing of a near‐surface layer may result in a noticeable attenuation of the TEM signal features associated with dielectric relaxation in a frozen half‐space. Forward calculations show that the dielectric relaxation of frozen unconsolidated rocks may significantly affect the transient response of a horizontal loop laid on the ground. This conclusion is in agreement with a practical example of inversion of the TEM data measured over the permafrost.     

同心补偿式直升机时间域航空电磁法吊舱校准装置研究

直升机间域航空电磁法(Helicopter-borne time-domain electromagnetic method,HTEM)的多次空中仪器校准可消除飞行过程中仪器系统受外界环境的时变影响.吊舱校准装置可解决地面环线方式无法实现的空中飞行过程中仪器校准问题.本文从研究同心补偿吊舱装置模型出发,提出了吊舱装置空...