滇西腾冲大硐厂Pb-Zn矿床成因：来自稀土元素地球化学的证据

腾冲大硐厂Pb-Zn矿床是西南“三江”成矿带腾冲地块东部具有代表性的矽卡岩型矿床之一,其成矿过程可划分为矽卡岩期(早、晚矽卡岩阶段)和石英-硫化物期(早、晚硫化物阶段)。方解石是该矿床中最主要的脉石矿物,其形成与铅锌矿密切相关。本文对主成矿期(石英-硫化物期)不同阶段方解石的REE特征与成矿早期(矽卡岩期)符山石、绿帘石以及大弯山单元花岗岩、大理岩和灰岩的REE特征进行对比研究。结果表明,主成矿期2个阶段方解石REE配分模式均为右倾型,∑REE分别为84.68×10^-6～125.58×10^-6和35.08×10^-6～38.24×10^-6,LREE/HREE值为1.59～2.04和4.36～5.38,(La/Yb)_N值为1.12～1.81和4.01～5.72,(La/Sm)_N值为2.62～3.16和5.09～6.38,(Gd/Yb)_N值为0.64～0.97和1.22～1.30。2个阶段方解石的Yb/La-Yb/Ca投点位于岩浆成因与热液...     

滇西北衙超大型斑岩-矽卡岩-浅成低温热液成矿系统关键金属及其成因分析

作为高新产业重要原材料的关键金属,在地壳内平均含量低和分布不均匀,使得其优势矿床类型尚不清晰,尤其是多类型多金属的共存储库—斑岩-矽卡岩-浅成低温热液成矿系统内共(伴)生的关键金属值得深入关注。北衙多金属矿是金沙江-哀牢山成矿带内与喜山期富碱斑岩有关的斑岩型铜金钼-矽卡岩型铁金铜-浅成低温热液型铅锌银金复合成矿系统。在系统梳理前人有关主体金属矿物原位微量元素研究的基础上,本次研究初步查明共伴生的关键金属包括四种：(1) Re：赋存于斑岩型和矽卡岩型矿化的辉钼矿中,含量为2.51×10^-6～62.64×10^-6;(2) Co：以类质同象替代形式赋存于矽卡岩型矿化的磁铁矿中,含量为0.13×10^-6～41.1×10^-6;(3) Bi：以铋化物形式赋存于斑岩型和矽卡岩型矿化中,包括铋铅矿、Bi-Cu硫盐、Bi-Pb硫盐、Bi-Ag硫盐、Bi-Cu-Pb硫盐、Bi-Pb-Ag硫盐和含Bi硫族化合物,其中辉铋矿是主要含铋矿物;(4) Te：赋存于斑岩型、矽卡岩型和浅成低温热液型矿化的硫化物(碲含量：80×10...     

滇东南南秧田钨矿床白钨矿原位Sr同位素对成矿的指示

南秧田钨矿床位于滇东南老君山W-Sn矿集区,地处扬子地块和印支地块的结合部位,地质背景复杂并遭受了多期岩浆活动和区域变质事件,其成矿时代和成因一直存在争议。本文对矽卡岩型和长石-石英脉型白钨矿开展了年代学、原位微量元素、Sr同位素研究,分析了两类白钨矿年龄、成因以及物质来源的差异。结果表明,长石-石英脉内与白钨矿共生辉钼矿的Re-Os同位素等时线年龄为151.0±1.3Ma,明显晚于矽卡岩矿体年龄,属于后期成矿事件。矽卡岩型白钨矿的轻稀土富集、重稀土强烈亏损,Eu呈明显负异常(δEu=0.46),∑REE平均含量为65.60μg/g,Mo平均含量为240.16μg/g,Sr平均含量为883.43μg/g;长石-石英脉型白钨矿稀土呈Eu正异常(δEu=2.8)的平坦型,∑REE平均含量为194.40μg/g,Mo平均含量为16.01μg/g,Sr平均含量为129.26μg/g。以上两者微量、稀土元素含量的差别显示它们具有性质明显不同的流体来源,Eu异常指示矽卡岩型白钨矿形成于氧逸度较高的环境,长石-石英脉型白钨矿形成于还原性环境。矽卡岩白钨矿~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr值相对较低,并且比较均一,介于0.71319～0.71491之间,表明成矿流体主要来自岩浆热液;长石-石英脉型白钨矿~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr值较高且变化范围大,介于0.71537～0.72803之间,平均0.72079,呈现出变质流体特征。两种不同类型白钨矿Sr同位素都具有二元混合的特征,显示长石-石英脉型白钨矿对矽卡岩型白钨矿有叠加改造作用,成矿流体与围岩的强烈交代作用是白钨矿形成的关键。     

湘中杏枫山金矿床流体包裹体特征及其对矿床成因的指示

杏枫山金矿是湘中盆地典型的石英脉型金矿床,矿床位于白马山复式岩体的外接触带,主要赋存于新元古界板岩—千枚岩中。为了查明杏枫山金矿床的成矿流体特征,并揭示其矿床成因,本文在对该金矿的矿床地质特征、矿物共生关系进行了野外调查和室内镜下研究的基础上,利用岩相学、显微测温以及激光拉曼显微探针分析等技术手段,对该金矿的不同期次石英中的包裹体开展了系统研究。研究结果表明：成矿期石英脉呈席状产出,其流体包裹体以富液相为主,含少数富气相包裹体和CO2包裹体,流体包裹体的均一温度在220~420℃范围内,盐度为0. 35%~11. 94% NaCleqv;成矿后石英中流体包裹体的均一温度和盐度均明显小于成矿期。该金矿床的成矿流体属中高温、贫CO2的还原性H2O—NaCl(±KCl)—CO2—CH4—N2体系,减压沸腾作用造成成矿流体的氧逸度、pH值改变,是导致该区金矿石沉淀的主要原因。湘中杏枫山金矿的成矿温度高,成矿压力较小,成矿流体及地质特征均明显有别于国内外典型的造山型金矿床。结合其围岩蚀变类型和矿物共生组合等特征,可推断杏枫山金矿床属于与侵入岩有关的金矿体系(IRGS)。     

内蒙古林西水头萤石成矿带不同矿段地质地球化学特征对比研究

水头萤石成矿带位于内蒙古林西地区北部,矿体主要赋存于二叠系火山—沉积岩中,并严格受近SN向、NNE向断裂构造控制。本次研究基于野外地质调查、矿床地质特征、萤石稀土元素及流体包裹体综合研究,结合前人研究成果和探矿工程揭露情况,探讨带内成矿差异性的控制因素。研究区萤石和石英的ΣREE含量分别为5.84×10^-6～198.38×10^-6和0.71×10^-6～4.74×10^-6,ΣLREE/ΣHREE平均值分别为1.43和4.32,均呈现弱的Eu正异常和Ce负异常,指示三个矿床具有相似的成矿环境和物质来源,且三个矿床的成矿流体的运移距离从南到北逐渐增大。研究区萤石的流体包裹体以气液两相为主,均一温度集中于140～240℃,盐度集中于0.4%～3.4%NaCl_eqv,密度集中于0.86～0.93 g/cm³,从南到北三个矿床的成矿温度逐渐降低,成矿流体的盐度和密度逐渐下降。成矿带内矿体特征差异的控制因素包括控矿断裂的性质、成矿流体演化过程和后期构造活动对萤石矿体的影...     

云南羊拉铜矿矽卡岩形成时代与矿床成因：来自石榴子石和磁铁矿组分的约束

羊拉铜矿是金沙江缝合带中部已发现的规模最大的印支期铜矿床,矿体以层状—似层状产出于花岗闪长岩外围、变质砂岩与碳酸盐岩地层的层间破碎带中。该矿床在成因类型上存在喷流-沉积成因、复合成因、矽卡岩成因等多种观点。本文以矽卡岩矿石中石榴子石、磁铁矿为研究对象,利用LA-ICP-MS原位微区分析技术开展了石榴子石U-Pb年代学和石榴子石、磁铁矿成分测试分析,以进一步限定该矿床成矿时代和成因类型。分析结果显示,石榴子石中U、Th、Pb的含量分别为1.18×10^-6～6.69×10^-6、0.04×10^-6～1.43×10^-6、0.11×10^-6～1.16×10^-6,获得Tera-Wasserburg下交点年龄为231.0±5.3 Ma(2σ,n=32,MSWD=2.1),与矿区花岗闪长岩形成时代高度一致。结合磁铁矿微量元素组成与全球矽卡岩型矿床可类比等特征,明确羊拉铜矿床属于典型矽卡岩型铜矿床。石榴子石以钙铁榴石组分为主,具轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损的配分模式,这可能受晶体...     

江西密坑山火山岩型铍矿的发现及其意义

火山岩型铍矿是金属铍重要的矿床类型,它每年提供了全球80%以上的铍资源量,因此,寻找和发现该类型矿床对于提高我国铍资源的安全供给能力至关重要。本文作者经过前期野外地质调查、分析测试和野外地质剖面测量等工作,在江西密坑山陆相火山盆地发现上湾、松岽和荣荆坝等三处火山岩型铍矿。按照赋矿围岩的不同,可以将它们分为碎斑熔岩中黄玉硫化物石英脉型和凝灰岩中破碎带蚀变岩型两种成矿类型。碎斑熔岩中黄玉硫化物石英脉型主要呈大脉、细脉和网脉状或团块状产出,矿石主要由黄玉、石英、白云母、黑云母、闪锌矿、方铅矿、锡石、黑钨矿、辉钼矿、硅铍石和羟硅铍石等矿物组成;已发现碎斑熔岩黄玉硫化物石英脉约20余条,Be含量一般在106×10^-6～850×10^-6之间。凝灰岩中破碎带蚀变岩型主要沿凝灰岩中的破碎带展布,矿石主要由石英、萤石、绿泥石、闪锌矿、方铅矿、锡石、绿柱石、硅铍石和羟硅铍石等矿物组成;已发现凝灰岩破碎带蚀变岩型矿化体4条,Be含量一般在40×10^-6～2790×10^-6之间,且随着蚀变强度的增强而升高。与铍矿化有关的热...     

豫西杨山萤石矿床成因：萤石稀土元素组成和流体包裹体热力学制约

杨山萤石矿床是豫西栾川地区一处大型花岗岩容矿型矿床,其成矿期次和成矿流体特征研究的不足长期制约着对萤石淀积机理和区域成矿规律的深化认识。本文基于杨山矿床萤石的稀土元素及流体包裹体研究,阐释了成矿物质来源、成矿流体属性及矿床成因。第Ⅱ阶段萤石的ΣREE含量为22.61×10^-6～287.94×10^-6,LREE/HREE比值为0.64～5.24,具Eu负异常(δEu=0.50～0.92)和Ce负异常(δCe=0.88～1.06)。随成矿深度的增大,萤石ΣREE减小,LREE/HREE和La_N/Yb_N增大,δEu和δCe无明显变化,指示总体成矿先后顺序为地下深部至地表浅部,且垂向上氧逸度较稳定。从紫色萤石到绿色萤石,ΣREE增大,LREE/HREE和La_N/Yb_N减小,δEu和δCe增大,表明萤石具有重新活化和重结晶的趋势。萤石的流体包裹体以气液两相为主,均一温度集中于80～155℃,盐度(NaCl_eqv.)集中于0.3%～6.3%。综合...     

吉黑东部矽卡岩型钨矿床白钨矿原位微量元素特征及其指示意义

矽卡岩型白钨矿矿床是吉黑东部重要的钨矿类型,以黑龙江省逊克县翠宏山钨多金属矿床和吉林省汪清县白石砬子钨矿床为典型代表。为确定区内矽卡岩型钨矿床中的成矿流体特征及成矿机制,选取2个代表性矿床中的白钨矿单矿物进行了原位微区微量元素分析。结果表明：翠宏山钨多金属矿床中的白钨矿具有左倾型的稀土元素配分模式和弱的正Eu异常,形成于富Na、Nb的流体环境中,白钨矿中REE³⁺通过2Ca²⁺=REE³⁺+Na⁺和Ca²⁺+W⁶⁺=REE³⁺+Nb⁵⁺机制替换Ca²⁺;白石砬子钨矿床中的白钨矿具有右倾型的稀土元素配分模式和正Eu异常,形成于贫Na、Nb的流体环境中,白钨矿中REE³⁺通过3Ca²⁺=2REE³⁺+Ca(是Ca的空位)机制替换Ca²⁺。两矿床中白钨矿Eu_N与Eu^*...     

南秦岭镇安棋盘沟钨矿床40Ar-39Ar年代学及其对印支末期成矿的指示

近年来,南秦岭镇安西部地区发现了棋盘沟、核桃坪、东阳等大中型钨多金属矿床。其中棋盘沟大型钨矿床以石英脉型为主,深部可见矽卡岩型矿化,前人仅对其中的石英脉型钨矿进行了年龄测试,深部的矽卡岩型钨矿尚未开展年代学研究工作。本文以棋盘沟钨矿床为研究对象,选取两类矿石中与白钨矿、辉钼矿密切共生的金云母进行³⁹Ar-⁴⁰Ar同位素测年。结果显示,矽卡岩型矿石中金云母坪年龄为190.1±0.6Ma(MSWD=1.28),石英脉型矿石中金云母坪年龄为188.6±0.6 Ma(MSWD=1.42),均为早侏罗世成矿,且石英脉型钨矿成矿时间略晚于矽卡岩型钨矿。该成矿期处于南秦岭成矿带陆内碰撞造山向伸展转变的转折期,代表着一期重要的、尚未被广泛关注的印支末期的岩浆热液钨钼成矿事件,应在今后的找矿工作中予以重视。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861