INHIGEO： The International Commission on the History of Geological Sciences

INHIGEO is a long-standing Commission of the International Union of Geological Sciences (lUGS) and an Affiliate of the International Union for the History and Philosophy of Science (Division of History of Science) (IUHPS (DHS)). Of late, its activities are funded by these two bodies in a ratio of about 4:1.     

Application research of landscape ecology on eco-environment impact assessment of road construction project

As a comprehensive study on interaction between type form, spatial collocation of landscape unit and ecology process, landscape ecology emphasizes the interaction between spatial pattern, ecology process and scale. Thereby, landscape ecology is the same with whole assessment and function plan to ecology environment. Combining the eco-environment impact assessment of Wu-Kun highway, this essay discusses the application technique and method of landscape ecology in eco-environment impact assessment of highway project. This highway is not only a part of Lan-Mo （Lanzhou to Mohan） highway and Bei-Kun （Beijing to Kunming） highway, but also a section of ＂9210 framework highway net＂ Kun-De （Kunming to Deqin） highway. Numbers and areas of landscape patch in the assessment region after highway construction show that the land use pattern is changed after highway construction in the assessment region, but construction and operation of the highway project has little influence on landscape quality in the assessment region. The landscape diversity in the assessment region of Wu-Kun highway is 1.125 calculated by formula. The result showed landscape diversity in the assessment region of highway project descends despite its small scope of change. Therefore the influence of highway construction on landscape diversity is very small. Landscape patched index in the assessment region is 204.42 calculated by formula, which influences ecology environment and survival of rare and endangered wildlife to a certain extent. Wildlife mostly refer to birds whose living environment is not very strict, thus reinforcement of landscape patched degree will not bring important influence on wildlife in the assessment region of highway.     

Simulation Studies on the Settlement of Composite Foundation with Contact Element of Zero Thickness

INTRODUCTIONCurrently, the contact element is a problematicpoint problem in the mechanics of rock and soil engi neering. In the tenth international conference onComputer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics,held in America in January, 2001, the …     

Environmental study on a long history of Cu mining in Hubei, central China

The Tonglushan Cu mine situated in a densely populated, humid temperate ecoregional domain, so called the Birthplace of the Bronze age in the world, has been mined for over three thousand years. However, there is no significant pollution in surrounding area yet. To understand the mechanism controlling the environment the geological controls, including regional geology, deposit type, deposit size, host rocks, mineralogy, texture, alteration, ore controls, were studied by re-evaluating data from mineral exploration and mining activities; the geochemical factors including soils both in rice field and dry land, underground water and rice were investigated in 2003-2004. The results show that the ground water around the mine is not contaminated,     

Research on the direction of secondary migration of oil by making use of nitrogen compounds as tracers in the No. 6 area of the Melut Basin

1 IntroductionThe application of isomeric-nitrogen compounds astracers to oil-migration research is a piece of innovatorywork, and also a newbreakthrough made in non-hydro-carbon geochemistry research. At present, a lot ofwork has been done on nitrogen co…     

Sequential Extraction on Oil Sandstones from TZ401 Well——A Case Study on Filling History of Hydrocarbon Reservoir

Sequential extraction was performed on two oil sandstones from the Upper Carboniferous oil columns of TZ401 well.The free oils of these two oil sandstones and a crude oil from the Lower Carboniferous oil column of this well have low ratios of C28/C27+C28+ C29) steranes and gammacerane/C31 hopanes,ranging of 0.11-0.16 and 0.09-0.15,respectively,similar to those from the Middle-Upper Ordovician source rock.However,these two ratios for the adsorbed and inclusion oils of these two oil sandstones are relatively high,ranging of 0.29-0.31 and 0.26-0.40,respectively,similar to those of the Cambrian-Lower Ordovician source rock.This result demonstrates that the initial oil charging the reservoirs was derived from the Cambrian-Lower Ordovician source rock,whereas the later charging oil was derived from the Middle--Upper Ordovician source rock.     

The International Commission on the History of Geological Sciences （INHIGEO） Symposium on the historical relationship between geology and religion

The 32nd INHIGEO Symposium was held between 28 July and 5 August 2007 in Eichstatt, northeast Bavaria. This part of Bavaria is celebrated for many things, not least its diverse Jurassic fossils. Amongst the latter, the most famous is one of the great ＂missing links＂ in paleontology, the feathered Archaeopteryx with its reptilian teeth. Equally renowned is the lithographic limestone from Solnhofen that was used to produce the early illustrations of Archaeopteryx along with other countless maps and figures in publications well known to historians of geology. It was fitting that the symposium theme was ＂The Historical Relationship of Geology and Religion＂.     

The Geological History of the Kerch–Taman Area Based on a Reconstructed Regional Balanced Section

The geological framework and tectonics of the East Black Sea region is characterized through balancing a geological cross-section and paleoreconstruction during the Paleogene–Neogene period. The studied area includes the Kerch–Taman trough, the Anapa Swell (a continuation of the immersed part of the Greater Caucasus Orogen), the Tuapse trough, and the Shatsky Swell. This paper is mainly focused on the Russian shelf zone of the Black Sea. The results are important for understanding the trap formation time and the preservation of hydrocarbon deposits in the Russian sector of the Black Sea shelf.     

Minerals in nature and “on Paper”: History of the commissions on new minerals in Russia and IMA and principles of classification and nomenclature of minerals

This paper reviews the history of the foundation of the Commission on New Minerals in Russia (1956) and the same Commission of the International Mineral Association (IMA). The terms mineral species, subspecies, and variety are considered. The nomenclature of mineral groups of lovozerite, eudialyte, and apatite is given as examples of using a root name and its suffixes.     

A study on Emei mantle plume activity and the origin of high-As coal in southwestern Guizhou Province

1IntroductionIn recent years deep-going investigations into thestructure of the deep interior of the Earth have provedthat the region of Southwest China where the Emeishanbasalts are widespread is an igneous rock provincecommonly accepted by the internati…     

Analysis of the effect of geology, soil properties, and land use on groundwater quality using multivariate statistical and GIS methods

The regional survey of groundwater used as a small water supply system was performed to know the effect of geology, soil properties and land use on groundwater quality at Nonsan City, Korea. A total of 126 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed at the study area. The multivariate statistical methods, principal components analysis and discriminant analysis, and GIS technique were used for the quantitative interpretation of groundwater quality. The study area is mainly composed of Precambrian gneiss, Jurassic granite, and Cretaceous volcanics, and metasedimentary rocks of the Ogcheon zone. The land use was grouped as paddy, upland, grassland, resident, point source, industrial area, and water system. The soil properties were classified as 4 major groups, Entisols, Alfisols, Inceptisols, and Ultisols, by the degree of development, and reclassified as 11 subgroups. The modified and simplified geologic map, soil map, and land use map were made by using ARCGIS soft-ware. The area of geology, soil property, and land use affecting the groundwater quality for each well were also calculated by ARCGIS soft-ware to acquire the quantitative parameters for multivariate statistical analysis. The monitoring results of groundwater in the study area showed that 13%-21% of the groundwater samples exceeded the portable water guideline and the main causes were turbidity, bacteria, arsenic and nitrate-N. The spatial distribution of each component showed the close relationship between groundwater quality and geology reflecting the topography, land use.     

Geochronologic Constraints on the Magmatic Underplating of the Gangdise^ Belt in the India-Eurasia Collision： Evidence of SHRIMP II Zircon U-Pb Dating

Abstract  Abundant small mafic intrusions occur associated with granitoids along the Gangdisê magmatic belt. In addition to many discrete gabbro bodies within the granitoid plutons, a gabbro‐pyroxenite zone occurs along the southern margin of the Gangdisê belt to the north of the Yarlung Zangbo suture. The mafic intrusion zone spatially corresponds to a strong aeromagnetic anomaly, which extends ～1400 km. The mafic intrusions consist of intermittently distributed small bodies and dikes of gabbro and dolerite with accumulates of pyroxenite, olivine pyroxenite, pegmatitic pyroxenite and amphibolite. Much evidence indicates that the Gangdisê gabbro‐pyroxenite assemblage is most likely a result of underplating of mantle‐derived magma. Detailed field investigation and systematic sampling of the mafic rocks was conducted at six locations along the Lhasa‐Xigazê segment of the mafic intrusive zone, and was followed by zircon SHRIMP II U‐Pb dating. In addition to the ages of two samples previously published (47.0±1 Ma and 48.9±1.1 Ma), the isotopic ages of the remaining four gabbro samples are 51.6±1.3 Ma, 52.5±3.0 Ma, 50.2±4.2 Ma and 49.9±1.1 Ma. The range of these ages (47–52.5 Ma) provide geochronologic constraints on the Eocene timing of magma underplating beneath the Gangdisê belt at ca. 50 Ma. This underplating event post‐dated the initiation of the India‐Eurasia continental collision by 15 million years and was contemporaneous with a process of magma mixing. The SHRIMP II U‐Pb isotopic analysis also found several old ages from a few zircon grains, mostly in a range of 479–526 Ma (weighted average age 503±10 Ma), thus yielding information about the pre‐existing lower crust when underplating of mafic magma took place. It is believed that magma underplating was one of the major mechanisms for crustal growth during the Indian‐Eurasia collision, possibly corresponding in time to the formation of the 14–16 km‐thick “crust‐mantle transitional zone” characterized by Vp = 6.85–6.9 km/s.     

The Late Proterozoic Continental Accretionary History of the Southeastern Margin of Jiangnania

The newly obtained Sm-Nd isochron ages are 1034 Ma and 935 Ma for ophiolites from northeasternJiangxi and Fuchuan, southern Anhui respectively. There exist two unconformity surfaces under the initialLate Proterozoic volcanics as well as the Sinian rocks. The Xiuning intrusive body which was intruded into theShangxi Group in southern Anhui yields a whole-rock Rb-Sr isochron age of 963 Ma. There occurs a belt ofLate Proterozoic calc-alkali volcanic rocks extending from northeastern Jiangxi to northwestern Zhejiang. Inthe light of the above facts, the authors consider that the southeastern margin of Jiangnania is an ancient islandarc. At about 1000 Ma ago, the Huanan (South China) oceanic crust was subducted along the line linking Dex-ing and Hangzhou, thus starting the accretion of the island arc system to Jiangnania. At 800 Ma ago Cathaysiaand Jiangnania converged together along the Jiangshan-Shaoxing line, marking the end of the accretion.