对1991—1992年厄尔尼诺事件形成的一种看法

本文对１９９１－１９９２年厄尔尼诺事件前兆及形成过程进行了分析，与１９８２－１９８３年和１９８６－１９８７年厄尔尼诺事件进行了对比。对自西向东传播的厄尔尼诺事件的形成特点及传播规律进行了解释。     

太阳活动及其与厄尔尼诺现象关系的分析

本文用１７４９－１９９０年的太阳黑子相对数资料，分析了太阳活动与厄尔尼诺现象之间的关系，结果表明，太阳黑子１２年周期与厄尔尼诺的产生无明显联系，但强的太阳活动对厄尔尼诺事件有增强的作用，太阳活动最新第２２周下降分枝的出现，预计１９９１－１９９２年强的厄尔尼诺出现后，９０年代的其它年份将不会有强的厄尔尼诺事件发生（１９９４￣１９９５年出现的厄尔尼诺事件也只能是中等强度）。     

厄尔尼诺事件的一种预测方法

根据１９４９－１９９０年赤道东太平洋月平均海温（ＳＳＴ）资料，提出了表征厄尔尼诺事件的指数ＥＮＩ、又根据ＥＮＩ指数定义出１９４９－１９９０年发生的厄尔尼诺和反威尔尼诺事件。同时提出了厄尔尼诺事件的一种预测方法。     

舟山市气候与厄尔尼诺事件的相关性

文章讨论了舟山市气候与两类厄尔尼诺事件的相关性，所用资料是舟山市定海基准站1954年建站以来的历史观测资料，舟山市主要气候因子 对两类厄尔尼诺事件的响应存在显著差异，第1类厄尔尼诺事件影响年舟山市降水偏多，是涝年，不易出现高温天气，第2类厄尔尼诺事件影响年舟山市降水偏少，是旱年，容易出现高温天气，两类厄尔尼诺事件影响年西北太平洋台风生成个数及登陆路径也存在明显差异，第1类厄尔尼诺事件影响年影响舟山的台风偏少，第2类厄尔尼诺事件影响舟山的台风与常年持平。     

厄尔尼诺事件对商丘气候的影响

不仅厄尔尼诺事件不同的冷暖性质对商丘气候的影响不同，而且不同的起始时间、强度和持续时间对气候的影响也不同。利用1952－2000年气象资料，对厄尔尼诺的冷暖性质、发生特征进行分型，进而找到尼尔尼诺事件与本地降水和气温的统计相关关系。     

厄尔尼诺事件与陕西夏季降水及历史旱涝

应用陕西41个测站1960～1990年夏季（6～8月）降水量资料，分析了厄尔尼诺事件当年与次年陕西夏季降水的特点及差异性。在厄尔尼诺事件当年，陕北夏季降水偏少，易发生干旱。而厄尔尼诺事件次年，陕北夏季降水偏多，易发生涝；陕南南部夏季降水偏少，易发生干旱。陕北夏季降水差异最显著。另外，陕西历史旱涝分布与厄尔尼诺事件关系较为密切。特别是陕西历史上的几个大旱年往往出现在厄尔尼诺事件连续发生的年份里。     

厄尔尼诺事件对黑龙江省低温洪涝灾害的影响及其预报

在研究厄尔尼诺（拉尼娜）事件对黑龙江省低温洪涝灾害影响的基础上，提出一种表征厄尔尼诺的指数（ENI）。根据ENI谱分析结果，提出了一种厄尔尼诺事件和拉尼娜事件的统计预测方法。经1997年对强厄尔尼诺和1998年对拉尼娜事件预报检验证明，该方法可行，可在区域和省级短期气候预测中应用。     

厄尔尼诺与拉尼娜的诊断

赤道太平洋海域海温异常事件包括厄尔尼诺（EL－Nino)的拉尼娜（La-Nina)现象，通过对赤道东中太平洋特定区域海温指数的统计分析，确定厄尔诺和拉尼娜出现的诊断指标，分析了肆经诺和拉尼娜的出现周期，在此基础上分析了厄尔尼诺与拉尼娜对广西气候变化的一些主要影响。     

两类厄尔尼诺事件对舟山市气候的影响

厄尔尼诺事件根据开始增温区域的不同可分成两类,这两类事件对应的海温存在许多差异.本文利用历史资料,分别就两类厄尔尼诺事件次年舟山市的降水量、气温和台风等情况作一分析探讨.分析发现两类厄尔尼诺事件对舟山气候的影响存在显著的差别,几乎得出相反的结论.     

两类E1 Nino事件太平洋海温异常时空结构的分析

用聚类法对１９５１－１９８６年发生的１０次厄尔尼诺事件进行分析，归纳出两类厄尔尼诺事件。第Ｉ类在赤道中太平洋偏西先开始增温，第Ⅱ类在赤道东太平洋先开始增温；用距平合成和复自然正交经验展开研究了两类事件从产生到消亡各阶段所对应的太平洋海温异常的时空结构和特征。爆发和发展阶段，第Ｉ类海温场扰动由西向东传，第Ⅱ类相反。距平分布也呈明显相反的特征。成熟阶段，赤道地区第Ｉ类逆转为由东向西传播；第Ⅱ类则出现经     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

<正>The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth’s climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.