青岛近海许氏平鲉年龄与生长特性的研究

2004年3月—2005年1月逐月在青岛近海采集许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegelii)样本共计147尾,以矢耳石为年龄鉴定材料对其年龄和生长特性进行了研究。耳石边缘增长率分析表明,许氏平鲉耳石年轮形成的周期为1年,6~7月是年轮形成高峰期。协方差分析和残差平方和分析表明,许氏平鲉的体长与体重、年龄与生长关系在雌雄性别间无显著性差异(P0.05),其体长(L)与体重(W)的关系式为W=1.750×10-5×L3.084(r2=0.990,P0.05);使用年龄和体长的实测值拟合其生长,Von-Bertalanffy体长生长方程为Lt=367.211×(1-e-0.576×(t-0.399))(r2=0.943,P0.05)。分析表明,在耳石形态与重量各测量参数中,耳石重量(Wotolith)与年龄(t)的线性相关性最密切(r2=0.942),其关系式为Wotolith=-0.023+0.035 t。平均百分比误差指数(IAPE)结果显示,耳石重量可以作为青岛近海许氏平鲉年龄鉴定的有力手段(IAPE=8.3%)。与1980年代相比,青岛近海许氏平鲉生长加快,显示出资源进一步衰退的迹象。     

鄱阳湖蒙古鲐年龄与生长特征

对2005—2006年采集于鄱阳湖的169尾蒙古鲐年龄与生长进行了研究。鄱阳湖蒙古鲐样本,年龄范围0^＋～5,以2～3龄为主,优势体长在200—300mm（53．25％）．体重分布集中在100～300g（55．03％）。结果表明：体长与鳞长呈直线相关;体长和体重呈幂函数关系;属匀速生长,用vori Bertalanffy方程描述其生长式型。生长拐点年龄为6．24龄,对应体长为395．53mm,体重为852．90g。了解鄱阳湖蒙古鲐的生长规律,为鄱阳湖蒙古鲐资源的合理配置与利用提供依据。     

北部湾红鳍笛鲷年龄与生长特性的初步研究

利用2006年7月～2007年8月北部湾渔业商业捕捞流刺网和底拖网渔获物中采集的样本,对北部湾红鳍笛鲷的年龄与生长特性进行了初步研究.结果表明,北部湾红鳍笛鲷优势年龄2～4龄,占61.29%;logistic生长模型为其最适生长模型,模型中的参数分别为:L∞=808.04mm,k=0.48,t0=3.48;体长与体重的生长拐点分别为3.48龄和5.43龄.     

大亚湾中华青鳞鱼的年龄生长及生殖习性

用鳞片并对照耳石,鉴定广东大亚湾中华青鳞鱼年龄。提出体重、体长和鳞长关系。用重量法计算220尾雌鱼的怀卵量,分析性成熟系数月变化和卵径分布。     

大亚湾丽叶鲹的年龄、生长和个体生殖力

本文以耳石作依据对大亚湾丽叶鲹的年龄和生长进行了研究。报道了其年轮特征、年龄组成、体长与体重的分布;给出了丽叶鲹的体长与体重、体长与耳石长的关系和生长方程;采用重量法求得了180尾雌鱼的怀卵量,并计算了其绝对生殖力和相对生殖力及其与体长和体重的关系;分析了卵径分布、性成熟系数的月变化及幼鱼的生长情况。     

基于线粒体COI基因序列的中国鲷科鱼类系统进化关系

采用PCR特异性扩增了采集于中国沿海的鲷科5属11种鱼类的线粒体COI基因序列,并结合Gen Bank已有的同源序列,对中国鲷科6属12种鱼类的分子系统进化关系进行研究。结果表明,中国鲷科6属12种鱼类的COI基因序列的平均碱基组成为T 30.4%、C 27.7%、A 23.5%、G 18.4%;属间Kimura双参数平均遗传距离为9.5%—19.7%,种间平均遗传距离为2.2%—21.8%,其中四长棘鲷属、赤鲷属和犁齿鲷属间的遗传距离(8.2%—13.8%)接近于棘鲷属多数种间遗传距离(6.5%—12.2%);分子系统树显示中国鲷科鱼类分为两大类群,类群I包括四长棘鲷属、犁齿鲷属、赤鲷属、牙鲷属等红体色种类,类群Ⅱ含平鲷属、棘鲷属等银灰体色种类,其中棘鲷属的冲绳棘鲷和黄鳍棘鲷先聚为姐妹群,澳洲棘鲷、黑棘鲷、灰鳍棘鲷和台湾棘鲷聚为另一支。本文结合已有研究结果得出:中国鲷科鱼类属间是先按体色、后按牙齿分化的,四长棘鲷属、犁齿鲷属和赤鲷属有相当密切的亲缘关系;中国棘鲷属是一个有共同祖先的单系群,属内存在两个平行进化的分支,两分支的种间关系具有明显的分化。     

东海产长木叶鲽的年龄与生长

研究了东海产长木叶鲽的年龄与生长等生物学特性。样品取自１９９６ 年４ 月～１９９８ 年１１月,日本以西底拖网渔业在长崎鱼市场上岸的渔获物共２ ５８４ 尾。采用耳石进行年龄鉴定。体长与耳石径的关系,雌雄间有显著性差异。耳石上轮纹每年１～３ 月份形成一次。周龄的推定体长,５＋ 龄以上,雌性偏大     

青岛沿海24种鱼类耳石秤量特征与鱼体大小关系

研究中经常会用测量耳石称量特征推算饵料鱼类的形态参数,而青岛沿海鱼类相关的研究较少,因此作者根据2015年3、5、8月3个航次在青岛近海的拖网调查数据,分析了捕获的24种共1002尾鱼的耳石秤量特征(耳石长、耳石宽和耳石质量)和鱼体大小(体长、体质量)的关系。结果表明,渔获24种鱼类分属5个目、14个科、24种鱼类的体长体质量呈显著幂函数相关,相关系数R~2的范围为0.779～0.997,幂指数b的范围为2.376～3.591,平均值为3.048±0.327,其中黄鲫(Setipinna taty)等11种鱼类的b值均大于3(P0.05),为正异速生长,其余13种鱼类的b值小于3(P0.05),呈负异速增长。耳石宽-鱼体长的相关性比耳石长-鱼体长的相关性要好,仅有3种鱼(饰鳍斜棘鱼衔(Repomucenus ornatipinnis)、矛尾虾虎鱼(Chaeturichthys stigmatias)和焦氏舌鳎Cynoglossus lighti)未呈现显著相关关系。在耳石质量-鱼体质量的相关关系中,9种鱼(如皮氏叫姑(Johnius belengerii)、扁斜棘?(Repomucenus planus)、石鲽(Kareius bicoloratus)呈显著相关(只是列举了一部分), 5种鱼(锦鳚(Pholis nebulosus)、矛尾虾虎鱼(Chaeturichthys stigmatias)、斑尾刺虾虎鱼(Synechogobius ommaturus)、焦氏舌鳎(Cynoglossus lighti))在现有样品情况下未呈现显著相关关系。     

胶州湾水域短吻舌鳎年龄、生长及其年龄结构特征的研究

依2450尾短吻舌鳎渔业生物学测定和耳石观测,数理分析得出,耳石轮径与鱼体全长呈线性相关,与纯体重呈显著幂函数关系。运用过程分析法确认年轮形成以年为周期,主要为4～5月。经二次线性拟合年间 Von Bcrtalanffy 生长方程:雌鱼L_t=350.8996[1—e~(-O.3965(t+0.7574)], W_t=269.1963[1—e~(-0.392(t+0.7165)]3.1175;雄鱼L_t=314.0091[1—e~(-0.3444(t+1.1236))],W_t=191.6984[1—e~(-0.3263(t+0.9666)]~2.8788胶州湾水域短吻舌鳎年龄构成0～Ⅷ龄,Ⅱ龄鱼占优势(34.06％)。     

鄱阳湖蒙古鲌年龄与生长特征

对2005-2006年采集于鄱阳湖的169尾蒙古鲌年龄与生长进行了研究.鄱阳湖蒙古鲌样本,年龄范围0～5,以2～3龄为主,优势体长在200-300mm(53.25%),体重分布集中在100～300g(55.03%).结果表明:体长与鳞长呈直线相关;体长和体重呈幂函数关系;属匀速生长,用von Bertalanffy方程描述其生长式型.生长拐点年龄为6.24龄,对应体长为395.53mm,体重为852.90g.了解鄱阳湖蒙古鲌的生长规律,为鄱阳湖蒙古鲌资源的合理配置与利用提供依据.     

Growth,sexual maturity and reproduction in the hottentot Pachymetopon blochii (Val.)

The growth of hottentot is described by the relationship L_f (mm) = 538,015 (1?e^{?0,097(t + 0,431)}). By determining the otolith growth rate and validating it with counts of daily rings identified on scanning electron micrographs of otolith sections, it was found that previous growth curves underestimated the age of the fish by one year. Differences in growth rate between sexes and over geographical regions were negligible. The ratio of males to females in sampled catches was 1:1,383 and 50-per-cent sexual maturity was attained at 220 mm fork length. There are two main spawning seasons, late autumn and summer, although some breeding activity continues throughout the year. Spatial differences in mean gonadosomatic indices were minimal.     

Seasonal variation in the relationship between otolith radius and fish length in the pilchard off South West Africa

The relationship between otolith radius and fish length in the pilchard Sardinops ocellata off South West Africa is shown to vary seasonally. This phenomenon may explain the sinuous nature of the relationships between body part and fish length in other studies. The seasonal variation is too large to be accounted for solely by ingrowth of the hyaline ring by opaque material. The otolith radius: fish length ratio shows a weak negative correlation with fish growth rate (r = ?0,7547, p = 0,1–0,05).     

大黄鱼耳石、体长与年龄的关系

运用１９６０年３月－１９６０年４月由中国科学院海洋研究所采集于洞头，吕泗渔场大黄鱼标本５１３尾，利用耳石切片确定大黄鱼的年龄，通过分析大黄鱼的耳石和体长的生长规律，证明大黄鱼的耳石生长不仅仅与鱼体生长成简单的直线相关，而且大黄鱼的耳石生长，体长生长和年龄三者之间密切相关，并推导出数学方程式，拟合计算结果表明，两各方程式能够较准确地表达三者之间的相关关系。     

ON THE AGE AND GROWTH OF Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae (GUNTHER) IN THE BOHAI SEA

The present paper deals with the age and growth of P. yokohamae, whose specimens were collected monthly from April 1982 to May 1983 by trawl in the Bohai Sea. In the study the age and growth of P. yokohamae is determined by annual ring on otolith. On the basis of calculation of monthly changes in appearing frequency for opaque zones on the otolith edgs it is determined that the annual ring of P. yokohamae is formed in January-March every year.The relation of the standard length to the body weight is W=3.2×10-5L2.3018. The relationship between the otolith radius and the standard length is R=-5.43× 10-3 1.71 ×10-2L- 1.20× 10-5L2. The growth for this species is expressed by von-Bertalanffy equation, Lt = L∞[1-e-K(t-t0)], where L∞ = 418mm, t0 = -0.7475 and K=0.252.The P. yokohamae grows faster at the age of 1-2, but slower after two years old. The coordinate of weight-growth inflexion point is at t =3.84 and W=386 g.     

New age-determination method based on fast growth rate of Cape hake Merluccius capensis in Namibia

Namibia’s most important commercial fisheries resource, the shallow-water Cape hake Merluccius capensis, is currently assessed using statistical catch-at-age analysis. Age data obtained from otoliths constitute an important data component of this model. Recent age-validation studies of M. capensis showed that growth was previously underestimated. We investigated this new fast-growth hypothesis (FGH) by using measurements and counts of translucent zones (T1 to T14, from otolith core to edge) on two survey otolith samples covering the entire range of fish lengths. We compared three hypotheses of periodicity of otolith zone formation and show that, if all zones are counted, T2 (at 9.0 mm otolith length), T5, T8, T11 and T14 are most likely to be annuli. A conversion from the slow-growth-hypothesis (SGH, currently used) age data was calculated as: FGH age group = round (0.41[SGH age group] + 0.25), and this formula should be applied to compute and test updated catch-at-age data in a future hake stock assessment. Additional adjustment for the hake stock assessment following the FGH, such as the timing of recruitment in winter and catches in summer, should be considered in future assessments.     

青岛海域小眼绿鳍鱼耳石形态的初步研究

利用2002年6～12月期间采自青岛海域商业渔获的286尾小眼绿鳍鱼(Chelidonichthys spinosus)标本,以耳石长、耳石宽、周长、面积、矩形趋近率、充实度为基本形态学参数,结合其中傅里叶变换获得的形态特征变量,研究了小眼绿鳍鱼幼鱼生长过程耳石形态的逐月变化特征.结果显示,小眼绿鳍鱼耳石为不规则卵圆形或近四边形,背部弧状隆起,腹部相对略平,前部有一明显缺刻,后部常呈锯齿状尖突.小眼绿鳍鱼耳石长、耳石重、耳石面积皆与体长呈显著相关,耳石长宽比与体长不呈显著相关.随着小眼绿鳍鱼生长,该鱼耳石形态特征随月份变化差异显著;经多因子方差分析和判别分析表明,研究期间小眼绿鳍鱼耳石形态可分为3个特征区间:6月份与其他月份间形态差异显著;7～9月耳石形态特征处于变化间状态;10～12月各方面形态特征趋于稳定.     

长牡蛎壳黑选育系F7代的生长规律和模型

为研究长牡蛎壳黑选育系F7的生长规律,分别采用了线性回归方程和Von Bertalanffy、Gompertz和Logistic 3种非线性模型对长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)壳黑选育系F7幼虫期和养成期的生长参数进行生长模型构建,并对长牡蛎壳黑选育系F7养成期的壳高、壳长、壳宽分别与总重进行曲线拟合,以研究长牡蛎壳黑选育系F7的生长规律。研究表明,幼虫期壳高、壳长对日龄的回归方程分别为y=39.723 8+11.697 2x,R^2=0.991;y=31.346 2+9.802 8x,R^2=0.986。壳高与壳长成线性相关,回归方程为y=4.867 0+1.175 0x,R^2=0.989。养成期长牡蛎壳黑选育系F7的总重增长与Von Bertalanffy生长模型最符,R^2=0.955;长牡蛎壳黑选育系F7的总重与壳高、总重与壳长、总重与壳宽分别遵循复合曲线y=0.706×1.055~x,R^2=0.991、y=1.336×1.075~x,R^2=0.983、y=1.287×1.154~x,R^2=0.944。     

Estimates on age,growth,and mortality of Gymnocypris firmispinatus(Cyprinidae: Schizothoracinae) in the Anning River,China

The age, growth, and mortality of Gymnocypris firmispinatus were studied by 582 individuals that collected between July 2015 and June 2016 from the tributaries of the Anning River, China. The total length (TL) ranged from 27 mm to 242 mm, total weight (W) ranged from 0.2 g to 148.2 g. The relationship of total length and weight was expressed as W =7.754×10^-6 TL^ 3.304 for the total samples. The age classes of males were 1–9 a, and that of females were 1–13 a. The von Bertalanff y functions based on otolith readings and observed length data were L t ♂=198.6(1–e^-0.094 ( t +3.497)), and L t ♀=289.3(1–e^-0.089 ( t +1.109)). The total mortality ( Z ) of male and female G . firmispinatus was estimated as 0.73/a and 0.40/a, respectively. The natural mortality ( M ) was evaluated as 0.25/a for males and 0.20/a for females, fishing mortality ( F ) was 0.35/a for males and 0.16/a for females. The exploitation ratio of the population was 0.66/a for males and 0.50/a for females. It was concluded that the growth of the fish is relatively slower than other congeneric fishes. The population of G . firmispinatus in the tributaries of the Anning River might be in over-exploitation under the current fishing intensity.     

福建泉州山美水库翘嘴红鲌(Erythroculter ilishaeformis)生长特性、资源评估与合理利用

随机从福建泉州山美水库2002年4月—2003年5月的翘嘴红鲌(Erythroculter ilishaeformis)渔获物中获取340尾样本,以鳞片为年龄鉴定材料,获得年龄生长资料,建立生长方程和Beverton-Holt模型对山美水库翘嘴红鲌资源进行评估,为制定合理的捕捞年龄和捕捞规格提供科学依据。结果表明,山美水库翘嘴红鲌体重范围是0.035—4.12kg,体长范围是15.6—73.5cm,其中体长20.1—60.0cm的样本占93.57%,且为2+—3+龄。本文给出了该鱼类体长与体重的关系式、体长与鳞径的关系式以及相关的von Bertalanffy方程。山美水库翘嘴红鲌生长拐点为10.4龄,山美水库现有资源量为10.164t,合理开捕年龄为6龄。