Development and application of simulation technique for hydrokinetic hammer

The computer simulation is an important method for hydrokinetic hammer design. Various kinds of simulation measures with their technical characters and applications being taken during the computer aided design are enumerated. Computer simulation supports plenty of valuable references to the designer. Each type of simulation process is used to explore the exact aspect of the performance of hydrokinetic hammer and each type of simulation method has its own excellences and deficiencies. Thus the integrative simulation methods based on modern computational technology are brought forward to obtain the perfect capability of the whole product. Along with the development of computer hardware and software, various kinds of platforms have been provided to different simulation methods that can be carried out with distinct working flows. The jet flow element is the core part of the hydrokinetic hammer. We can build the ideal simulation model of it by means of CFD (computational fluid dynamics) technology. On the other hand, to set up the digital model of piston and hammer, the best way is to build the virtual prototype using automatic dynamic analysis of mechanical system. As a result of the argumentation, we think the technique of Virtual Prototype and CFD are the prime way to process the combined computer simulation for hydrokinetic hammer.     

Dynamic simulation of hydrokinetic hammer based on virtual prototyping technology

This study presented the specified steps of comprehensively analyzing the hydraulic-driven hammer system with the application of the Virtual Prototype Technology. By comparing the simulation results with experimental phenomena and data, the correctness of simulation analysis conclusion is verified. Meanwhile, by means of its perfect visualization, the internal work process which can not be seen before is simulated. The mechanism of some abnormal phenomena encountered during the experiment is explained.     

Dynamic simulation of hydrokinetic hammer based on virtual prototyping technology

This study presented the specified steps of comprehensively analyzing the hydraulic-driven hammer system with the application of the Virtual Prototype Technology. By comparing the simulation results with experimental phenomena and data, the correctness of simulation analysis conclusion is verified. Meanwhile, by -means of its perfect visualization, the internal work process which can not be seen before is simulated. The mechanism of some abnormal phenomena encountered during the experiment is explained.     

Air flow calculation of reverse circulation drilling technique with air DTH hammer

Air DTH hammer has been successfully applied in minor-caliber solid mineral exploration,water-well drilling and other drilling areas.In order to expand the applications of the technology,the authors further studied the principle and analyzed the mechanism of reverse circulation drilling technique with air DTH hammer to get the perfect assembles of equipments by optimizing working parameters.No parameter seemed more important than the air volume because it could maintain the working performance stability.The minimum air volume is related to the parameters such as depth and pressure,which was calculated under the actual conditions.It was solved for the air injection flow tables of the air DTH Hammer working at the different pressures.According to the data tables,operators could adjust the air volume to meet the demand on this technique,which had a realistic guiding significance.So it could build up a set of systematic and complete hi-technique.     

FGC-15D large-diameter DTH air hammer drilling system and its application in offshore rock-socketed pile hole drilling

In the past two decades, numerous large-diameter rock-socketed piles were constructed in China to support foundations of skyscrapers, great bridges or to retain soil in potential geological hazard areas. However, drilling large-diameter rock-socketed pile holes with conventional drilling method such as rotary drilling or cable tool drilling is time-consuming and the cost is usually very high. In order to drill large-diameter rock-socketed pile holes faster at relatively low cost, the FGC15A large-diameter DTH air hammer drilling system was developed in 1987 and was given the second-class award by Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources in 1991. Since it was innovated the drilling system has been used in more than twenty important and tough projects on land, and wonderful results were acquired. At the same time the large-diameter DTH air hammer drilling system was improved continuously. The FGC15D is the latest version of the technique.     

FGC-15D large-diameter DTH air hammer drilling system and its application in offshore rock-socketed pile hole drilling

In the past two decades,numerous large-diameter rock-socketed piles were constructed in China to support foundations of skyscrapers,great bridges or to retain soil in potential geological hazard areas.However,drilling large-diameter rock-socketed pile holes with conventional drilling method such as rotary drilling or cable tool drilling is time-consuming and the cost is usually very high.In order to drill large-diameter rock-socketed pile holes faster at relatively low cost,the FGC15A large-diameter DTH air hammer drilling system was developed in 1987 and was given the second-class award by Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources in 1991.Since it was innovated the drilling system has been used in more than twenty important and tough projects on land,and wonderful results were acquired.At the same time the large-diameter DTH air hammer drilling system was improved continuously.The FGC15D is the latest version of the technique.     

Study on drilling mechanism and optimization of percussion-extruding DTH hammer bit

The authors tested the percussion-extruding Down-the-hole(DTH)hammer bit with five different structures and mainly analyzed the drilling mechanism between conical bit and stepped bit. In addition, aiming at "the pile effect" in combination with the advantage of stepped bit, we design a new cam spinning bit and test it outdoors. The result shows that using cam spinning bit can solve the problem of "the pile effect", which can also obtain higher drilling efficiency than using conical bit in high confining pressure strata. It is characterized by novel structure and high drilling speed as well as good guiding, and it is significant for improving efficiency in percussion-extruding drilling technique.     

Study on drilling mechanism and optimization of percussion-extruding DTH hammer bit

The authors tested the percussion-extruding Down-the-hole （DTH）hammer bit with five different structures and mainly analyzed the drilling mechanism between conical bit and stepped bit. In addition, aiming at ＂the pile effect＂ in combination with the advantage＇ of stepped bit, we design a new cam spinning bit and test it outdoors. The result shows that using cam spinning bit can solve the problem of ＂the pile effect＂, which can also obtain higher drilling efficiency than using conical bit in high confining pressure strata. It is characterized by novel structure and high drilling speed as well as good guiding, and it is significant for improving efficiency in percussion-extruding drilling technique.     

人行为计算机仿真的一种方法

根据人工神经网络的基本原理和模拟人类大脑思维的过程,提出了一种神经网络模型和思维模型系统,用于人行为的计算机仿真.神经网络模型采用Sigmoid函数.思维模型系统由感知系统、推理机、知识库、存储单元、学习训练系统、决策系统以及行为输出系统7个部分组成.采用此系统模型对普通学生的工作日日常行为进行了计算机仿真实验.实验结果达到了预期的满意效果.     

Analysis of effects of operating parameters on rate of penetration in drilling process with air down-the-hole hammer

Air down-the-hole(DTH)hammer drilling has long been recognized to have the potential of drilling faster than conventional rotary drill,especially in some hard rocks such as granite,sandstone,limestone,dolomite,etc.with the same weight on bit(WOB)and rotations per minute(RPM).So,it has been widely used in many drilling fields including mineral resource exploration drilling,oil and gas drilling and geothermal drilling.In order to reduce drilling cost by selecting optimal drilling parameters,rate of penetration(ROP)should be estimated accurately and the effects of different factors on ROP should be analyzed.In this research,ANN model with several multi-layer perception back propagation(BP)networks for predicting ROP of air DTH hammer drilling was developed using controllable parameters such as impact energy,impact frequency,WOB,RPM and bit operating time for the formations with a certain drillability index of rock.Several BP neural networks with the different neurons in hidden layers were developed and compared for selecting optimal architecture of ANN.The effects of the drilling parameters such as impact energy,impacting frequency,WOB,RPM and bit operating time on the ROP of air DTH hammer drilling were investigated by trained ANN.From the analyses,the optimum range of drilling parameters for providing high ROP were determined and analyzed for a formation with a certain drillability index of rock.The methodology proposed in this study can be used in many mathematical problems for optimization of drilling process with air DTH hammer.     

基于分层注水数学模型的油藏数值模拟

为模拟油田注水开发历史,提高分层动用状况及剩余油模拟结果的可靠程度,根据油田分层注水资料,分析水嘴的嘴损特性,建立考虑启动压差、水嘴直径等嘴损特性的分层注水数学模型,计算分层注水井各层段嘴前流压,实现嘴损方程与井—网格压力方程的耦合;考虑分层注水油藏数值模拟线性系统生成,实现井筒流动与井—油藏流动相耦合,提出分层注水油藏数值模拟方法,在PBRS(并行黑油模拟器)实现数值模拟功能.结果表明:模型能够反映分层注水开采开发效果,对缓解油田层间动用矛盾、改善注水开发效果具有指导意义.     

A Debris-flow Simulation Model for the Evaluation of Protection Structures

Debris flow is the flow of a solid-fluid mixture and in this investigation it is treated as the flow of a continuum in routing. A numerical model is proposed describing debris flow including erosion and deposition processes with suitable boundary con-ditions. The numerical model is applied to evaluate the effects of protection structures against debris flow caused by heavy rainfall on the Shen-Mu Stream of Nantou County located in central Taiwan. Simulation results indicated that the proposed model can offer useful pre-planning guidelines for engineers.     

Acoustic numerical simulation for VTI media

The generality to anisotropy of the earth media can be proved by a lot of research and observation, which is shown by the elastic parameters of the seismic wave changes with the direction of propagation. Actually, computational efficiency is very low, when simulating on the elastic anisotropie media, for the complicated and multi-parameters computation, which becomes a disadvantage to the succeeding migration and imaging pro-cedure. Using acoustic approximation in the VT[ media is an advisable simplification for the elastic wave simu-lation in that setting S-velocity into zero can greatly reduce the computational amount as well as get the same simulation effect. The authors get an acoustic approximation formula, then gain an anisotropic wave equation with 2-order in time and 4-order in space by inverse Fourier transformation, and dispel with the dispersion by adopting the high order finite difference operator in space and remove the edge reflection using the absorption attenuation boundary. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of this algorithm can be proved by the snaps and synthetic records.     

Numerical simulation for settlement urban tunnel construction

The excavation for the municipal tunnel will disturb the soil around the tunnel, and the deformation and subsidence of the earth surface always take place, which may lead to instability and even collapse for the building above the tunnel. At the same time the deformation and subsidence of the earth surface affect the normal use of underground municipal pipelines, and may cause the road sudden collapse, leading to significantly traffic accidents. The authors did a research by simulating for the excavation of municipal tunnel and designed the related supporting plan, and put forward some suggestions and measures for the design and construction of urban tunnel.     

化学驱数值模拟技术

随着化学驱技术在油田矿场的推广应用,现有软件的化学驱模拟功能越来越难以满足油田实际需求.通过调研化学驱数值模拟技术,阐述油藏数值模拟技术的发展现状,并将CMG、ECLIPSE、UTCHEM等8种软件分为综合型软件化学驱模块和单一化学驱软件两类,分析各软件的优缺点,对比各软件的综合性能及化学驱功能,指出化学驱数值模拟软件技术存在的主要问题及发展方向.现有软件在增强前后处理功能的同时,还需进行核心的完善.化学驱软件考虑众多物理化学因素,导致求解困难,需要在数值模拟的稳定性和机理描述的合理性之间进行适当取舍.虽然国产数值模拟软件在整体性能上弱于国外商业化软件,但是在化学驱数学模型和机理描述上具备较大优势.     

Establishment of digital model for dynamic simulation analysis on hydraulic impact perforator

Hydraulic impact perforator is powerful tools for trenchless project. It has advantages in cabinet structure, low cost, long life and easy protected. Compared with pneumatic DTH, the hydraulic impact spear worked under high pressure and using uncompressible fluid thusgreater impact energy and higher efficiency can be supported. The authors founded the dynamic simulation model of HDI-146 hydraulic impact spear. The project for solving the differential equation was suggested also. By means of virtual machine technology, the dynamic mechanism of HDI-146 can be explored and tutoring us to optimize the structural parameters can be made.     

Establishment of digital model for dynamic simulation analysis on hydraulic impact perforator

Hydraulic impact perforator is powerful tools for trenchless project. It has advantages in cabinet structure, low cost, long life and easy protected. Compared with pneumatic DTH, the hydraulic impact spear worked under high pressure and using uncompressible fluid thusgreater impact energy and higher efficiency can be supported. The authors founded the dynamic simulation model of HDI-146 hydraulic impact spear. The project for solving the differential equation was suggested also. By means of virtual machine technology, the dynamic mechanism of HDI-146 can be explored and tutoring us to optimize the structural parameters can be made.     

Establishment of digital model for dynamic simulation analysis on hydraulic impact perforator

Hydraulic impact perforator is powerful tools for trenchless project. It has advantages in cabinet structure, low cost, long life and easy protected. Compared with pneumatic DTH, the hydraulic impact spear worked under high pressure and using uncompressible fluid thusgreater impact energy and higher efficiency can be supported. The authors founded the dynamic simulation model of HDI-146 hydraulic impact spear. The project for solving the differential equation was suggested also. By means of virtual machine technology, the dynamic mechanism of HDI-146 can be explored and tutoring us to optimize the structural parameters can be made.     

Similar simulation device for unloading effect of deep roadway excavation and its application

The unloading effect of the excavation of deep roadways has been considerably studied, but most research methods have been limited to numerical simulations and field measurements. Only a few have adopted experimental methods for similar simulations. On the basis of the theory of mechanics, the testing system is designed considering initial geostress and dynamic unloading. The system includes an impact unloading gear and in-situ stress loading equipment, and a designed three-link structure and the impact hammer can effectively realize the dynamic excavation of roadways. Meanwhile, a cyclic excavation similar simulation experiment on a deep roadway is conducted in a laboratory. The testing system and the relevant monitoring facilities are utilized, and the unloading effect inside the surrounding rock under the cyclic dynamic excavation is studied. Results show that the cyclic dynamic excavation causes significant unloading only in the nearby rock mass, and the unloading indicators show nonlinear changes. Moreover, when the lateral pressure coefficient is 1.2, the damage is concentrated on both roadsides due to the excavation unloading. Meanwhile, the damage gradually decays as the span increases.     

典型地物波谱库的数据体系与波谱模拟

本文讨论典型地物波谱知识库的数据体系与地物波谱模拟的相关问题 ,并给出波谱知识库支持的农业定量遥感应用示例。波谱知识库的数据体系强调波谱参数与环境参数的配套 ,波谱数据测量是在相关规范的支持下完成的 ,质量控制贯穿于数据采集的全过程。波谱模拟通过遥感物理模型完成 ,模拟波谱计算包括地表参数的时间、空间扩展与遥感物理模型运算。最后以作物生长模型结合植被组分光谱模型和冠层遥感模型为核心 ,构造了定量遥感的农业示例。