西湖凹陷平北地区平湖组下段烃源岩分布地震预测

西湖凹陷平北地区现有钻井稀少且分布不均,采样分析资料缺乏,不同层段烃源岩非均质性极强,导致烃源岩分布特征尚不明确.针对上述难题,基于地化、测井、录井、地震等资料,运用地震相-沉积相-有机相转化法和地震速度-岩性分析法对西湖凹陷平北地区平湖组下段烃源岩有机相特征及厚度分布进行了研究,并对有利烃源岩的分布进行了预测.结果表...     

南海西南部万安盆地地层划分对比及命名新思考

本文通过对万安盆地的地震反射界面特征描述,厘定了不整合界面;分析主要构造不整合面的特征,进一步确认了构造运动,探讨其性质,影响范围和时限;科学地分析了盆地基底及成盆时代,进行了地震层序的划分与对比,并对部分地震层序命名。     

南黄海区域地质构造背景与地震勘探部署及试验成果

构造特征研究是地震测线部署的基础,在对海相残留盆地构造特征分析基础上,选择中部隆起有效反射齐全、品质好的区域,进行了测线方向海上对比试验。通过试验资料的统一处理与对比分析,结合区域构造特征确定了地震勘探部署方案。     

西湖凹陷平北缓坡带盖层特征及封堵性评价

盖层是西湖凹陷平湖构造带平北缓坡带的主要控藏因素之一。为厘清平北缓坡带优质盖层分布及控藏规律,利用该区满覆盖1 200 km²三维地震和23口探井资料,运用井约束地震反演技术,分析了盖层发育规律及封堵效果。结果发现,平北缓坡带平上段存在一套平均孔隙度1.5%的泥岩区域盖层S1,致使平湖组烃源岩生成的油气能够绝大部分滞留于平湖组内部。选取T₃¹界面上下50 ms时窗制作了S1盖层时间厚度图,较为客观地展现了这套盖层的全貌及分布特征,并指出L1、W4、B2等钻井失利是由于局部封堵性变差所致。考虑到断层对盖层封堵性的影响,认为当泥质涂抹因子<1.8时才对油气具有良好封堵性。综合考虑盖层厚度、泥质含量、断裂等因素,将平北缓坡带划分为完全封盖区、部分封盖区、无能力封盖区,以期有助于该区的油气勘探。     

西湖凹陷平北地区平湖组基于地震多属性的储层预测

始新统平湖组是东海西湖凹陷平北地区最重要的油气储层,但受资料条件的限制,应用常规方法无法进行精细的储层预测,制约了研究区的油气勘探部署和进程。应用地震多属性分析技术,结合测井曲线、岩心、岩性及区域地质资料,对平北地区平湖组的岩相进行了精细解释,并对有利目标区进行了初步预测,结果表明,平北地区平湖组发育潮汐控制的三角洲相和潮坪相两种类型的沉积相,并以三角洲相内的储层发育,砂体连片性好,工区西南部三角洲前缘相发育区为油气勘探的有利目标区。     

南海东北部的断裂分布及其构造格局研究

通过对南海东北部重磁异常的分析和处理,结合珠江口盆地、潮汕坳陷等地区的综合地质地球物理研究成果,根据研究区的重磁异常特征划分了4个异常区。应用地球物理数据处理方法,推断了该区的主要断裂35条,其主要走向为NW、NE、NEE向及S-N向4组。综合各方面研究成果在该区划分了7个构造单元。依据地震剖面、物性资料和重磁资料的分析,对南海东北部地区中生界的地层标定、构造与结构特征有了新的认识,研究了该地区前第三系基底和中生界的分布,并对南海东北部构造演化进行了探讨。     

中建南盆地局部构造特征

中建南盆地是位于南海西部陆缘的大型新生代沉积盆地。调查资料表明,盆地面积超过11×104km2,沉积厚度达8500m,局部构造发育,油气前景良好。在对盆地大量多道地震资料综合分析解释的基础上,研究了盆地局部构造的圈闭类型、分布特征和发育史。盆地的局部构造主要分为构造圈闭、地层圈闭和复合型圈闭。早期发育伸展构造样式,伴生以张性为主的局部构造圈闭;晚期受走滑应力的改造,发育花状张扭或压扭性构造;特定的构造和沉积环境则造就了地层和复合型圈闭构造。     

深水褶皱冲断带的构造变形和油气地质特征

深水褶皱冲断带是目前全球油气勘探的重要领域,其构造变形和油气地质特征是勘探研究的主要内容。通过对不同地区深水褶皱冲断带的地震剖面解释和综合分析,结合沉积特征对其构造样式、变形特征和石油地质特征进行了研究。研究表明,在主动大陆边缘和被动大陆边缘存在4种不同构造样式的深水褶皱冲断带,即:主动大陆边缘型深水褶皱冲断带;被动大陆边缘背景下的泥岩滑脱型、盐岩滑脱型和重力垮塌滑动型深水褶皱冲断带。由于他们具有不同的驱动机制、构造特征和演化特征,导致了其含油气性差别较大。主动大陆边缘背景下发育的深水褶皱冲断带主要发育倾向陆地的逆冲断层、叠瓦构造以及相关的褶皱构造,缺乏有效的烃源岩和储层。被动大陆边缘背景下发育的深水褶皱冲断带可以划分为伸展区、过渡区和挤压区3部分,并发育相关构造,其中泥岩滑脱型和盐岩滑脱型深水褶皱冲断带已经有大量的油气发现。     

青岛胶州湾3.2级地震构造背景与控震断裂

本文应用构造分析的方法 ,对青岛胶州湾 3.2级地震发生的地震地质背景和构造背景进行分析。结果表明 :胶州湾 3.2级地震主要受 NEE向郝官庄断裂和 NNW向大沽河断裂控制 ,并根据现代活动断裂的标志 ,对上述 2组断裂活动性特征作了阐述     

莱州湾地区郯庐断裂带的构造特征及其新生代演化

郯庐断裂带中段分东西两支从莱州湾进入渤海,在莱州湾地区的构造特征与演化历史一直鲜为人知。通过对横穿研究区的两条地震测线的解释和分析,揭示了该区郯庐断裂带中段在研究区的构造差异,研究表明郯庐断裂带东西两支在该研究区表现出不同的断裂性质,西支断裂表现为正断层,东支断裂表现为走滑断层。郯庐断裂是本研究区的主控断裂,通过对本地区地层形态及其组合、断层的剖面形态和空间展布规律的深入研究,揭示了郯庐断裂带在莱州湾地区新生代以来的构造演化历史:古新世—始新世的伸展阶段、渐新世—中新世早期的挤压和右行走滑阶段、中新世中晚期至今的稳定发展阶段,这几个不同时期的演化阶段主要受太平洋板块运动的方向和速度变化的控制。     

莱州湾凹陷东部新生代走滑构造特征及油气勘探意义

莱州湾凹陷位于渤海南部海域,为中生界基底之上发育的新生代半地堑.郯庐断裂带分东西两支穿过莱州湾凹陷东部,在新生代盖层中表现出渤海最复杂最典型的为NNE向的右旋走滑断裂特征.其中东支断裂在渐新世以后活动强烈,发育多条NNE向走滑断层及NE向伴生断层组成的复杂断裂带.走滑断裂带内断层展布符合右旋单剪作用下的脆性走滑剪切模式,地震方差切片存在右旋运动拖拽断裂证据.通过对主断裂活动期次分析表明,研究区主要有三期大的构造活动,同时形成了三期构造反转.应力分布的局域性导致了形变特征的差异性,产生了褶皱、挤压反转、掀斜断块、花状构造等典型的构造类型.研究区首次利用三维地震资料对本区构造特征进行了分析,研究认为走滑活动形成了良好的构造背景、优越的油源及运移等成藏条件,具有较大的油气勘探潜力.     

Deep-seated faults and hydrocarbon leakage in the Snøhvit Gas Field,Hammerfest Basin,Southwestern Barents Sea

High-quality 3D seismic data are used to analyze the history of fault growth and hydrocarbon leakage in the Snøhvit Field, Southwestern Barents Sea. The aim of this work is to evaluate tectonic fracturing as a mechanism driving hydrocarbon leakage in the study area. An integrated approach was used which include seismic interpretation, fault modeling, displacement analysis and multiple seismic attribute analysis.The six major faults in the study area are dip-slip normal faults which are characterized by complex lateral and vertical segmentation. These faults are affected by three main episodes of fault reactivation in the Late Jurassic, Early Cretaceous and Paleocene. Fault reactivation in the study area was mainly through dip-linkage. The throw-distance plots of these representative faults also revealed along-strike linkage and multi-skewed C-type profiles. The faults evolved through polycyclic activity involving both blind propagation and syn-sedimentary activity with their maximum displacements recorded at the reservoir zone. The expansion and growth indices provided evidence for the interaction of the faults with sedimentation throughout their growth history.Soft reflections or hydrocarbon-related high-amplitude anomalies in the study area have negative amplitude, reverse polarity and are generally unconformable with structural reflectors. The interpreted fluid accumulations are spatially located at the upper tips of the major faults and gas chimneys. Four episodes of fluid migration are inferred and are linked to the three phases of fault reactivation and Neogene glaciations. Hydrocarbon leakage in the Snøhvit Gas Field is driven by tectonic fracturing, uplift, and erosion. The interpreted deep-seated faults are the main conduits for shallow hydrocarbon accumulations observed on seismic profiles.     

Fault system impact on paleokarst distribution in the Ordovician Yingshan Formation in the central Tarim basin,northwest China

The paleokarst-unconformity at the top of the Ordovician Yingshan Formation in the central Tarim basin was exposed to air for at least 10 Ma, providing favorable conditions for the later formation of high-quality reservoirs. During the karstification process, the fault system plays an important role in controlling the development of paleokarst. This study characterized the fault system through the paleokarst features on the northern slope of the Tazhong High and examined in detail the impacts of the fault system on paleokarst distribution. Formation Micro-Imager logs and seismic curvature change rate were used for characterizing the fault system in different scales. The results revealed three sets of faults in this region. Cross-cutting relationships, unconformities, and relation between faults and karstification indicate Mid-to-Late Ordovician thrust faults, Silurian-Devonian strike-slip faults, and Permian tension faults. “Bright spots” in seismic records calibrated by Formation Micro-Imager logs were used for indicating paleokarst features and different depth distributions, respectively. Furthermore, the study employed spectral decomposition technique to characterize the morphology of paleocave complexes in detail. The results show the Mid-Late Ordovician thrust faults heavily impacted the distribution of paleokarst mainly distributed along master and secondary thrust faults in shallow areas, as well as along master basement-involved thrust faults in deep strata, and along the most pronounced area of paleokarst, Tazhong No. 10 fault zone bounded by back thrusts. The data provides new forecasting information for deep hydrocarbon exploration in paleokarst-related reservoirs of the Yingshan Formation.     

黄,渤海活动断裂初探

本文初步讨论了区内活动断裂的时空展布及一般特征,NNE—NE向继承性活动断裂是渤海海域及沿海大陆的主导构造,北黄海断裂活动与渤海相似,南黄海则以NEE向为主,苏北陆地及其近海兼有NNE—NE和NW向。资料表明,断裂的水平运动量大于垂直运动量,从各自的沉积厚度所估算的沉积速率说明早、晚第三纪和第四纪的构造强度是很近似的,因而华北和渤海区由走滑正断层反映的水平运动和差异升降运动仍处于十分活跃的发展阶段。     

琼东南盆地中央坳陷带拆离断层及其控盆作用

Using regional geological, newly acquired 2D and 3D seismic, drilling and well log data, especially 2D long cable seismic profiles, the structure and stratigraphy in the deep-water area of Qiongdongnan Basin are interpreted. The geometry of No.2 fault system is also re-defined, which is an important fault in the central depression belt of the deep-water area in the Qiongdongnan Basin by employing the quantitative analysis techniques of fault activity and backstripping. Furthermore, the dynamical evolution of the No.2 fault sys-tem and its controls on the central depression belt are analyzed. This study indicates that the Qiongdongnan Basin was strongly influenced by the NW-trending tensile stress field during the Late Eocene. At this time, No.2 fault system initiated and was characterized by several discontinuous fault segments, which controlled a series small NE-trending fault basins. During the Oligocene, the regional extensional stress field changed from NW-SE to SN with the oceanic spreading of South China Sea, the early small faults started to grow along their strikes, eventually connected and merged as the listric shape of the No.2 fault system as ob-served today. No.2 fault detaches along the crustal Moho surface in the deep domain of the seismic profiles as a large-scale detachment fault. A large-scale rollover anticline formed in hanging wall of the detachment fault. There are a series of small fault basins in both limbs of the rollover anticline, showing that the early small basins were involved into fold deformation of the rollover anticline. Structurally, from west to east, the central depression belt is characterized by alternatively arranged graben and half-graben. The central depression belt of the Qiongdongnan Basin lies at the extension zone of the tip of the V-shaped northwest-ern ocean sub-basin of the South China Sea, its activity period is the same as the development period of the northwestern ocean sub-basin, furthermore the emplacement and eruption of magma that originated from the mantle b     

Submarine canyons on the north of Chiwei Island: influenced by recent extension of the southern Okinawa Trough

Based on new multibeam bathymetric data and about 300 km long single seismic profiles, three topographic units were identified:the canyons, fractural valley and submarine terrace on the north of Chiwei Island where is a structural transition zone between the southern trough and the middle trough. The Chiwei Canyon and the North Chiwei Canyon are two of the largest canyons in the East China Sea (ECS) slope. Topographic features and architectures of them are described. The study shows that both of them are originated along faults. The evolution and spatial distribution of topographic units in the study area are controlled mainly by three groups of faults which were formed and reactive in the recent extensional phase of Okinawa Trough. The Chiwei Canyon was initiated during the middle Pleistocene and guided by F4 that is a N-S trending fault on the slope and F1, a large NW-SE trending fault on the trough. The pathway migration from the remnant channel to the present one of Chiwei Canyon is the result of uplift of tilted fault block that is coupled to the recent extension movements of the southern trough. The submarine terrace is detached from the ECS slope by the NEE-trending fault. The North Chiwei Canyon, developing during the late Pleistocene, is guided by F5, a N-S trending fault, diverted and blocked by the submarine terrace.     

Submarine canyons on the north of Chiwei Island:influenced by recent extension of the southern Okinawa Trough

Based on new multibeam bathymetric data and about 300 km long single seismic profiles, three topographic units were identified： the canyons, fractural valley and submarine terrace on the north of Chiwei Island where is a structural transition zone between the southern trough and the middle trough. The Chiwei Canyon and the North Chiwei Canyon are two of the largest canyons in the East China Sea （ECS） slope. Topographic features and architectures of them are described. The study shows that both of them are originated along faults. The evolution and spatial distribution of topographic units in the study area are controlled mainly by three groups of faults which were formed and reactive in the recent extensional phase of Okinawa Trough. The Chiwei Canyon was initia- ted during the middle Pleistocene and guided by F4 that is a N--S trending fault on the slope and F1, a large NW--SE trending fault on the trough. The pathway migration from the remnant channel to the present one of Chiwei Canyon is the result of uplift of tilted fault block that is coupled to the recent extension movements of the southern trough. The submarine terrace is detached from the ECS slope by the NEE -trending fault. The North Chiwei Canyon, developing during the late Pleistocene, is guided by FS, a N-S trending fault, diverted and blocked by the submarine terrace.     

南堡凹陷4号构造带蛤坨断层特征与油气成藏关系

南堡凹陷4号构造带断裂发育,既发育沟通烃源岩的深断裂,也发育沟通浅层圈闭的次级断裂。综合利用地震、测井、岩性等资料分析断层的空间展布,计算蛤坨断层的生长指数和断层泥比率（SGR）,分析断层的活动性、封堵性,评价其输导性能,并结合其与烃源岩生排烃期的匹配关系研究断裂与油气运移、聚集的关系及控制规律。在典型油气藏剖面解剖的基础上,建立了4号构造带油气运聚成藏模式。     

渤海海域晚更新世—全新世的活动构造

利用在渤海最新获得的约5 000 km的浅层地震资料,发现在渤海海域发育大量晚更新世—全新世断裂和褶皱,进而对其分布、浅层结构、运动学性质和活动性进行了研究,绘制了渤海海域活动断裂分布图。研究结果表明:渤海晚更新世—全新世活动断裂主要走向为北北东向、北西向和近东西向,东西向断裂数量最多;断裂的形成受区域应力场和早期断裂的控制,而褶皱则以背斜居多,通常沿早期断裂带发育;就分布密度而言,辽东湾内断裂密度远小于其他海域,而同一构造单元其边界部位断裂密度大于单元内部;具继承性发展的断裂多具有复杂的破裂结构,破裂带剖面上呈耙形或"Y"字型,晚更新世沉积层变形明显;受断裂错动地层的形成时代表明,多数断裂的最新活动发生在晚更新世中期-晚期,部分断裂在全新世发生过活动;多数断裂具有明显正断拉张作用,而郯庐断裂带和张家口-蓬莱断裂带内次级断裂还可能具走向滑移分量;渤海浅层断裂的活动性与现代地震震中的分布具有较好的相关性,这对于渤海地震危险性评价具有重要意义。