Instrumental neutron activation in geoanalysis

Theoretical aspects of instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) are discussed. Various applications of INAA to exploration geochemistry are described demonstrating its capabilities and its limitations.Cost, turnaround time, high sensitivity for certain elements, the non-destructive nature of analysis and its precision and accuracy have combined to make INAA an indispensible method for multielement determination on virtually all geological matrices. Humus, vegetation, heavy minerals, lake bottom sediments as well as rocks and soils comprise the major sample types analyzed by INAA. As many as 50 elements can be determined routinely and easily by INAA.     

Precise determination of uranium in rocks and minerals by neutron activation analysis using 133I fission product

A radiochemical neutron activation technique for uranium determination in rock and mineral samples is presented. The method is based on an alkaline fusion, a selective oxidation of iodine by a sodium-nitrite solution, followed by an iodine distillation technique for the isolation of the ¹³³I produced in fission. The outlined scheme is rapid, sensitive and reliable. Determination of uranium in U.S. Geological Survey standard rocks (G-1, W-1, G-2, BCR-1, AGV-1, GSP-1), C.R.P.G. Nancy geochemical standards (GA, GH, BR, Mica-Fe, Mica-Mg), C.A.A.S. reference syenite rocks (SY-1, SY-2, SY-3) and other analysed rock samples are reported. These results are compared with those obtained by other methods.     

Determining the age of the oldest rocks by the lead-isochrone and spectroscopic strontium-isotope methods

With increasing age the oldest Precambrian rocks homogenize and contain less material suitable for age determination by existing radioactive methods. The lead-isochrone method for determining the ages of the oldest rocks has the following advantages over conventional methods: 1) unlimited freedom of choice of rock material for age determination; 2) ability to date rocks with minor amounts of accessory radioactive minerals, i.e., various effusives, basic and ultrabasic rocks; 3) determination of the rock's own age; 4) migration and redistribution of lead isotopes between individual grains of rock-forming and accessory minerals has little effect on the isotopic ratio of lead in the rock as a Whole. — R. M. Hutchinson.     

镁铁-超镁铁岩铼-锇同位素体系分析方法

通过试验建立了镁铁-超镁铁岩Re-Os同位素体系分析方法，包括Re-Os的化学分离纯化流程，Re同位素比值的电感耦合等离子体质谱测量方法和Os同位素比值的负离子热电离质谱测量方法。化学流程包括Carius管溶样，小型蒸馏分离Os，微蒸馏纯化Os，阴离子交换法分离、纯化Re。用该流程测定了汉诺坝幔源橄榄岩、辉石岩捕虏体和大别山饶拔寨超镁铁岩样品的Re、Os含量和Os同位素比值。     

极谱法同时测定岩石中的微量铀钍

试样经过氧化钠熔融后,用硝酸溶液提取熔块,加入十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTMAB）凝聚硅胶,过滤除硅,TBP萃淋树脂分离富集铀钍。在含0．02g／L四丁基碘化铵-4g／L铜铁试剂、pH=5的乙酸-乙酸钠极谱测定体系中同时测定铀钍,铀钍的线性范围为0．001～0．500μg／10mL。本法用于含铀岩石中微量铀钍的同时测定,结果令人满意。     

甘肃省武都区月照—琵琶一带青白口纪火山岩地球化学特征及构造环境

对出露于甘肃省武都区月照—琵琶一带火山岩的研究表明,该套火山岩以基性端元和酸性端元为主,缺失中性岩石端元,为典型的双峰式火山岩。时代为青白口纪,产出的构造环境为洋岛,不代表勉略蛇绿混杂岩的组成部分。该套双峰式火山岩的厘定,对西秦岭造山带的构造演化具有重要意义。     

Estimation of the Deformation Value in Terrigenous Rocks by the Random Cross-Section Method (Belaya River,Northern Slope of the Greater Caucasus)

The deformation value in the Lower and Middle Jurassic terrigenous rocks from the valley of the Belaya River (the northern slope of the Greater Caucasus) is quantified by the morpholology of the cleavage zones. The numeral determination of the axis ratios of the deformation ellipses by the Fry method is performed as well. It is shown that for a statistical sample of the random cross-sections of the thin sections in the terrigenous rocks with cleavage structure the deformation value can be estimated correctly. The method of random cross-sections described in this work can be used for the quantitative estimation of deformation in nonoriented samples of terrigenous rocks.     

纸色谱分离目视比色法测定岩石中微量铀

本法用盐酸、氢氟酸、硝酸分解样品,以丁酮—甲基异丁基甲酮—硝酸—水为展开剂,上升法层析1—2小时,用0.2%铀试剂Ⅲ的水溶液(含1%硝酸)喷色。与标准系列0.1—1.0微克铀进行目视比色。可测定0.0000x-0.00x%的铀。这方法已用于测定岩石中微量铀的生产任务,测定的结果与中子活化分析结果比较接近。     

热水解-离子选择电极法测定海相碳酸盐岩中的氟

采用热水解法对样品进行预处理,离子选择电极法简易快速测定海相碳酸盐岩中氟元素的含量。方法检出限为25.1μg/g,精密度(RSD,n=11)为5.28%,回收率为96.5%~107.8%,结果令人满意。     

早古生代海相烃源岩成熟度的有机岩石学评价方法

本文应用有机岩石化学方法通过对塔里木盆地早古生代典型烃源岩研究,建立起了应用沥青反射率、微粒体反射率、动物壳属体反射率及海相镜质体反射率评价烃岩成熟度的综合标准。     

青藏高原羌塘中部果干加年山一带晚三叠世花岗岩的特征拉萨市堆龙德庆县却桑地区早中三叠世查曲浦组层序厘定及其构造意义

拉萨却桑地区的原早中三叠世查曲浦组由下部碳酸盐岩和上部火山岩组成,下部碳酸盐岩产丰富的化石,时代为早—中三叠世,上部火山岩无古生物和年代学资料,根据叠置关系作为查曲浦组上部,时代也为早—中三叠世,并且成为该地区经典地层层序而被广泛引用。最近在原查曲浦组上部火山岩段玄武质安山岩中获得248Ma±4Ma的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄,厘定原查曲浦组上部火山岩时代为早三叠世,原查曲浦组存在倒转,火山岩段应位于碳酸盐岩段之下,其下与列龙沟组整合过渡,证明该区二叠系与三叠系是连续沉积的,进一步说明早三叠世该区存在岩浆活动。查曲浦组层序的厘定对探讨冈底斯地区构造演化过程具有重要意义。     

拉萨市堆龙德庆县却桑地区早中三叠世查曲浦组层序厘定及其构造意义

拉萨却桑地区的原早中三叠世查曲浦组由下部碳酸盐岩和上部火山岩组成,下部碳酸盐岩产丰富的化石,时代为早—中三叠世,上部火山岩无古生物和年代学资料,根据叠置关系作为查曲浦组上部,时代也为早—中三叠世,并且成为该地区经典地层层序而被广泛引用。最近在原查曲浦组上部火山岩段玄武质安山岩中获得248Ma±4Ma的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄,厘定原查曲浦组上部火山岩时代为早三叠世,原查曲浦组存在倒转,火山岩段应位于碳酸盐岩段之下,其下与列龙沟组整合过渡,证明该区二叠系与三叠系是连续沉积的,进一步说明早三叠世该区存在岩浆活动。查曲浦组层序的厘定对探讨冈底斯地区构造演化过程具有重要意义。     

BP神经网络算法在火成岩泥质含量计算中的应用

火成岩泥质含量的计算对火成岩储层孔隙度、饱和度等参数的确定以及储层测井解释研究起着十分重要的作用。为准确计算火成岩泥质含量,在辽河盆地东部凹陷区域,以玄武岩为例,以10口井、40个数据点的岩芯X射线衍射泥质含量资料为基础,采用多元回归分析方法和BP神经网络算法计算火成岩泥质含量。结果表明,BP神经网络算法和多元回归分析方法均有较高的准确度。BP神经网络算法可以应用到火成岩泥质含量计算的领域。     

Silver Content of Some USGS Standard Rocks

The state of the art for silver determination in silicate rocks is discussed on the basis of available data on geostandards. A neutron activation procedure for silver in rocks is briefly described, and data on seven new USGS standard rocks are presented and discussed.     

煤中剪切指向标志的类型讨论

通过与岩石中的剪切指向标志对比,初步研究了煤中的剪切指向标志。发现了如羽状脉体等特殊的指向标志。煤中剪切指向标志研究,是岩层构造运动学分析的主要内容,可判别局部剪应力方向,进而为确定应力场提供依据。      

碳酸盐岩锶同位素比值测定中的残渣分析

通过对经HAc溶解后的碳酸盐样品的残渣进行分析，验证了碳酸盐岩中所合非碳酸盐组分的^87Sr／^86Sr同位素比值较高的事实，同时也论证了HCl溶解碳酸盐岩样品的不足，即造成非碳酸盐的溶解，从而导致^87Sr／^86Sr同位素比值质谱测定结果偏高。     

全量萃取火焰原子吸收法测定岩石、土壤中微量钼的研究

本文研究了测定时的萃取酸度,有机相与水相的体积比,酒石酸、抗坏血酸、硫氰酸钾和硝硫混酸用量对测定结果的影响,做了萃取分离后共存元素干扰测定,经与国家一级标准物质对比分析,验证结果与标准相符。     

石棉大水沟变质岩系中微古植物化石的发现

在大水沟一带的中浅变质碎屑岩、碳酸盐岩夹基性火山岩地层中,获得较丰富的志留纪球藻类化石,为划分地层和讨论时代归属提供了依据。     

Estimation of rock physicomechanical properties using hardness methods

The purpose of this study is to investigate the statistical relationship between hardness value and physicomechanical properties of constructional and cover rocks. The definition, measurement of hardness and classification of the rocks used are very important in construction sector. From this point of view, rock hardness is one of the most important parameters for the determination of rock properties. In this study, the determination of hardness and the physicomechanical properties of constructional and cover rocks in Çukurova region was accomplished using various methods in the laboratory. Statistical relations between physicomechanical properties and hardness of rocks were also determined. High correlations were found between the hardness methods (Shore Scleroscope, Schmidt hammer hardness), which are cheap and easy to use, and other physical and mechanical properties. It was found that physicomechanical properties can be estimated using hardness methods and compared with the calculated value from different empirical equations.     

Delineation and explanation of geochemical anomalies using fractal models in the Heqing area,Yunnan Province,China

The Heqing area, located in the Sanjiang ore belt, China, consists of the Beiya gold orefield related to the alkaline porphyry, the Emeishan volcanic mafic rocks and a series of sedimentary rocks. Thirty-nine elements of stream sediment samples taken in the 1:200,000 geochemical survey in the Heqing area can be classified into four groups using principal component analysis. Two fractal models, i.e., the concentration–area model and the number–size model, are applied in determination of the thresholds for the representative elements in the four groups. The thresholds obtained from the two models are similar. According to the thresholds, the element concentration distribution can be divided into 3 segments, each of them is mainly correlated to one type of rocks, including the alkaline porphyry related to gold-mineralized rocks, mafic rocks and sedimentary rocks. This paper reveals that the various geological events can be characterized by the different fractal models of element distribution.