Three-Dimensional Numerical Investigation of the Interaction Between Twin Tunnels

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - The construction of twin tunnels is a mandatory guideline and a prevailing practice in either conventional or mechanized tunneling. Nevertheless, most of...     

油藏数值模拟中地质模型的建模流程与方法

围绕油藏数值模拟过程中三维地质模型的建模技术进行了分析与探讨,详细介绍了基于角点网格模型的建模方法,给出了相应的实现步骤。其主要流程是:首先根据断层数据构造断层模型,在断层模型的基础上构建骨架模型;然后在骨架模型约束下采用地层恢复技术实现含断层的地层模型;最后基于结构模型插值物性参数完成属性模型。以塔河油田缝洞型油藏为例,对建模流程和技术的可行性进行验证,结果表明,其建模结果与专业地质建模软件Petrel相符。     

Shake Table Tests and Numerical Modeling of Liquefaction of Kasai River Sand

As a part of the seismic safety evaluation of several bridges and other hydraulic structures located on Kasai River bed in India, the liquefaction potential of Kasai River sand is studied in 1-g shake table in laboratory and numerically using a commercial software FLAC 2D. The surface settlement, lateral spreading, predominant frequency, amplification of the ground motion and pore water pressure development in Kasai River sand in dry and liquefied states have been studied when subjected to sinusoidal motions of amplitude 0.35 g at a frequency of 2 Hz. The nonlinear curves used to represent shear strain dependency of stiffness and damping ratio of Kasai River sand are obtained from cyclic triaxial tests. Reasonably good agreement between the experimental and the numerical results is observed. It is found that the settlement and lateral spreading for the liquefied sand is 2.60 and 2.50 times than those of the sand in the dry state. The volumetric strain of the liquefied sand is found to be around 4%, which is significantly higher than 1.53% observed in the dry sand. It is observed that the amplification of the peak ground acceleration for the saturated sand is 1.08 and 1.32 times higher than that for the dry sand from theoretical and experimental results, respectively. The shear strain developed in the liquefied sand is 1.17 times more than that for dry sand. The fundamental and higher modal frequencies of dry sand are found to be 1.13, 1.117 and 1.119 times more than those for the saturated sand, respectively.     

三维构造建模技术

三维构造建模是三维地质建模的核心内容,主要揭示地质构造的几何形态和拓扑关系.三维地质建模在许多地质领域发挥着越来越重要的作用,对三维构造建模技术提出了更高的要求,使其能解决更加复杂的地质问题,能够更精细地刻画地质构造.从三维构造建模的应用需求入手,回顾了领域现状,系统阐述了三维构造建模的基本要素、地质规则及构造模型表达方法,以促进三维构造建模理论向完善化发展.同时分析了传统三维构造建模流程中的难点,指出了需要解决的关键技术,并对当前常用三维构造建模方法的优缺点进行剖析,对其今后的发展趋势和方向进行了预测.      

Performance of Foundations in Sabkha Soil: Numerical Investigation

Sabkha or salt flat soil is one of the most unpredictable and potentially dangerous soils in the Middle East. This soil covers a large and strategically important area of the Arabian Gulf coast, as it contains the world biggest oil reserve and a number of petrochemical plants are either have been built or are scheduled to be built in this area. The performance of shallow and deep foundations in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia’s sabkha soil is investigated numerically using the finite element method. The parameters used to simulate this soil in the numerical models were based on a large number of laboratory tests to determine the shear strength and stiffness parameters of the sabkha soil. In addition, the characteristics of the interface between the foundation and soil used in the numerical model were established from shear box tests that were conducted to evaluate the concrete-sabkha soil interface properties. The developed numerical model was calibrated/verified using the results of full-scale pile load testing program from an ongoing project to further enhance the accuracy of the results. A parametric study was then conducted using the verified model to establish the performance characteristics of foundations constructed in sabkha soil and provide guidelines for their design.     

非饱和土热湿迁移的数值模拟

本文基于菲利普-迪弗瑞斯(Philip-De Vries)热湿耦合迁移模型,采用一维积分有限差分程序HM1,模拟了一维轴对称热湿耦合迁移问题。模拟中,有意识地调整水分热扩散率D_T,水分等温扩散率D_θ,热导率λ,得到了有关物性参数变化对土壤热湿迁移影响的规律;同时,又有意识地调整某些初始条件(初始含水率)及边界条件(输入热功率),取得了初始含水率及输入热功率变化对土壤热湿迁移影响的规律。这些规律性成果对埋地电缆敷设工程设计具有指导意义。     

Discrete Element Modeling of Drop Tests

A discrete element code with impact model has been developed and calibrated to simulate the dynamic behavior of rock materials, with special regard to rock fragmentation upon impact during rock-fall analysis. The paper summarizes the discrete element code, the calibration algorithms developed to identify the model microparameters, and the impact model. Experimental work on drop tests is then used to validate the code on modeling impact fragmentation. It has been found that the developed discrete element code and impact model can reasonably simulate rock fragmentation in drop tests. The use of the discrete element code and impact model can provide good reference results in evaluating impact fragmentation in rock-fall analysis.     

抽汲地下水引起地面沉降的水-土耦合三维有限元数值模拟

建立了抽汲地下水非稳定流定解问题的三维数学模型,利用现有承压含水层非稳定流定解问题数值方程求解,重点讨论了源汇项的具体数学表达式.根据土的有效应办原理和压密原理推导出抽水沉降非线性弹性压密方程,结合武汉新业大厦水文地质与工程地质条件,利用已研制的三维有限元计算程序LCYXY3D.F90对该环境岩土工程问题进行了分析和评价,计算结果与实测结果符合较好.     

A Review on the Design,Applications and Numerical Modeling of Geocell Reinforced Soil

For improving the stability and load carrying capacity of weak subgrade, strengthening methods are to be followed in the field. Among the various approaches, geocells have been identified as an effective soil reinforcement technique for improving soft subgrade behaviour. The three-dimensional honeycomb structure of geocell offers more lateral confinement to the infill soil resulting in improved load carrying capacity. This led to the widespread use of geocells for different geotechnical applications like pavements, foundations, embankments, slope protection, erosion control etc. Many researchers in the past have confirmed the suitability of geocell reinforcement through their experimental, numerical and field studies. In this paper, a comprehensive review of the reinforcement mechanisms, design aspect and numerical modelling techniques of geocell reinforced soil is provided. In addition, this paper highlights the various field application scenarios where different types of geocells have been used and explores the research challenges and scope for further research in this field.

     

Teaching Numerical Groundwater Flow Modeling with Spreadsheets

Mathematical Geosciences - The use of spreadsheets for numerical groundwater flow modeling is not a novelty; however, its potential in the classroom has not been emphasized enough. This Teachers...     

季节冻土区融雪冻土水热耦合模型研究

为描述季节性冻土地区的积融雪及冻土水热过程,采用能量平衡及水量平衡法建立融雪模型,采用有限体积法离散热传导方程和非饱和土壤水运动方程,并对其交界面处进行耦合处理,从而建立季节冻土区融雪冻土耦合数学模型。结合2005年曲玛莱实测站点的观测资料,从不同角度描述积雪变化,冻土活动层内土壤水热特征,检验模型方法的有效性,为揭示该地区的水文运动规律提供有力的支持。     

挠力河流域三维地下水流数值模拟

在分析概化挠力河流域地质及水文地质条件的基础上,建立了研究区地下水流系统的三维数学模拟模型,运用Visual MODFLOW软件进行求解,并对研究区未来7年的地下水流场进行了预报。模型预报过程中用迭代逼近方法预报二类边界,用频谱分析法预报年降水量和地下水开采量,实现了随机模型与确定性模型相耦合。结果表明,研究区地下水多年平均补给量为20.9×10⁸ m³/a。从预报的等水位线图看出,按照预测的开采量进行开采,研究区的地下水位在预报期间略有下降,每年平均下降0.329 m。     

土微观结构测试方法存在不足与建议

综述了微观测试方法的发展历史和应用现状,针对当前主要土微观结构测试方法,对关键技术和理论进行了阐述,指出其各自优缺点和适用范围。提出其在土微观参数提取、动态测试观察、土结构性参数方面还存在不足并给出建议。     

Three-Dimensional Structural Geological Modeling Using Graph Neural Networks

Mathematical Geosciences - Three-dimensional structural geomodels are increasingly being used for a wide variety of scientific and societal purposes. Most advanced methods for generating these...     

Simultaneous Solving of Three-Dimensional Gravity Anomalies Caused by Pumping Tests in Unconfined Aquifers

The contribution of geophysical techniques to groundwater characterization has largely evolved during the last two decades. As gravity is a geophysical technique sensitive to underground mass variations and due to the improved resolution of modern gravity meters, it can provide information on changes in the phreatic level caused by water being pumped from unconfined aquifers. Previous studies simulated the hydraulic head and the gravimetric anomaly using independent codes. The mass change associated to the pumping well-simulated drawdown had to be externally transferred to the gravity code used to simulate the gravimetrical anomaly, which has severe drawbacks. This article describes how to solve the forward coupled hydro-gravity problem using a unique finite-element code. To illustrate it, it is shown the case of a two-dimensional hydraulic model coupled to its three-dimensional gravity anomaly and also a more complex case where both related domains are three-dimensional. Both are compared against analytical solutions and discussed. The methodology is very flexible, general and amenable to extensions like including heterogeneous domains or coupling with the inverse problem in the same loop.     

多重网格准线性近似技术在三维航空电磁正演模拟中的应用

系数矩阵存储和线性方程组求解是限制三维电磁积分方程方法发展的主要因素。Zhdanov提出准线性（QL）近似技术,建立了复杂散射场与背景场的线性关系,有效地避免了积分方程中大型线性方程组的求解,但是该算法用于多源问题航空电磁正演模拟时精度不高。因此,本文提出一种基于多重网格准线性（MGQL）近似的算法,并利用系数矩阵的Toeplitz性质存储矩阵和快速傅里叶变换,实现了矩阵与向量的快速乘积、降低了计算复杂度,采用多重网格结合了积分方程方法和准线性近似解法的优点,在保证精度的条件下提高计算速度、减少存储量。针对不同类型网格的模拟实验表明,相比于传统积分方程方法,本文算法在保证计算精度的同时,可以将计算速度极大地提高（>10倍）。     

Investigation of a Limestone Pillar Failure Part 1: Geology, Laboratory Testing and Numerical Modeling

Summary A pillar failure at shallow depth of overburden, featuring the recent formation of subvertical open cracks in the rock was observed. An extensive laboratory test program including Brazilian tests, uniaxial and triaxial compression tests for obtaining strength and deformation characteristics of the limestone was executed. Strength from single and multiple failure triaxial compression tests on intact rock and from tests on small scale rock mass specimens were obtained. Classification of the rock mass was conducted for use with the Hoek-Brown strength criterion. Numerical analysis shows that the strength of the rock mass exceeds by far the applied stress, suggesting a stable pillar. This typical rock engineering approach to assess rock mass stability is shown to be inadequate.     

高原机场冰碛土地基强夯处理及试验检测

以四川稻城亚丁机场土石方工程原地面地基处理后冲兴段为例,阐述高原冰碛土地基的强夯处理及效果检测。采用波速测试与动力触探试验相结合的检测方法,并以载荷试验结果作参照对比,评价强夯效果达到了设计要求。此联合检测的方法,对类似加固地基效果检测具有一定的参考价值。     

Modeling and Fitting of Three-Dimensional Mineral Microstructures by Multinary Random Fields

Mathematical Geosciences - Modeling a mineral microstructure accurately in three dimensions can render realistic mineralogical patterns which can be used for three-dimensional processing...